Template for calculating the ΔH° in a multiple step chemical reaction
... To make Al2O3, you need the O3 from Fe2O3. To do that, you must first carry out the process of breaking up the Fe2O3, which has its own enthalpy of formation. However we are not forming Fe2O3. We are decomposing it. So, we must reverse the equation. Fe2O3 → 2Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) Since the equation is ...
... To make Al2O3, you need the O3 from Fe2O3. To do that, you must first carry out the process of breaking up the Fe2O3, which has its own enthalpy of formation. However we are not forming Fe2O3. We are decomposing it. So, we must reverse the equation. Fe2O3 → 2Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) Since the equation is ...
practice test
... Represent the following reactions using structural diagrams for ALL reactants and products. Include names for all reactants and products and any reaction conditions. ...
... Represent the following reactions using structural diagrams for ALL reactants and products. Include names for all reactants and products and any reaction conditions. ...
chp4_5_hw_review_worksheet
... As mentioned (in class), generally “plain” hydrocarbons are not found in living cells. There are usually other groups of atoms attached somewhere on the molecule. There are certain groups of atoms that are frequently attached to the organic molecules we will be studying, and these are called functio ...
... As mentioned (in class), generally “plain” hydrocarbons are not found in living cells. There are usually other groups of atoms attached somewhere on the molecule. There are certain groups of atoms that are frequently attached to the organic molecules we will be studying, and these are called functio ...
COMMON SYNTHETIC SEQUENCES FOR OCHEM I
... application of these reactions in synthesis. A synthesis is a series of two or more reactions designed to obtain a specific final product. A synthetic step (not to be confused with a mechanistic step, which is something entirely different) is a single reaction that must be conducted separately from ...
... application of these reactions in synthesis. A synthesis is a series of two or more reactions designed to obtain a specific final product. A synthetic step (not to be confused with a mechanistic step, which is something entirely different) is a single reaction that must be conducted separately from ...
Remodeling of the natural product fumagillol
... Further optimization using La(OTf)3 and Zn(OTf)2 catalysts was next pursued. The transformations were robust and did not require inert atmosphere, nor special precautions for anhydrous solvent. Other nonpolar solvents provided similar regioselectivity, though toluene proved to be optimal, in which c ...
... Further optimization using La(OTf)3 and Zn(OTf)2 catalysts was next pursued. The transformations were robust and did not require inert atmosphere, nor special precautions for anhydrous solvent. Other nonpolar solvents provided similar regioselectivity, though toluene proved to be optimal, in which c ...
AP CHEMISTRY NAME____________________ WRITING
... The rule may be summarized as "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer": a carbon rich in substituents will gain more substituents and the carbon with more hydrogens attached will get the hydrogen in many organic addition reactions. D. The oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and carboxyli ...
... The rule may be summarized as "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer": a carbon rich in substituents will gain more substituents and the carbon with more hydrogens attached will get the hydrogen in many organic addition reactions. D. The oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and carboxyli ...
ch 1: organic chemistry
... Note: due to the type of groups attached to the carbonyl C atom, aldehydes always produce primary alcohols while ketones always produce secondary alcohols (see sample problems on pages 55 & 56) Carboxylic Acids & Esters organic acids have a carboxyl functional group –COOH and are called carboxyl ...
... Note: due to the type of groups attached to the carbonyl C atom, aldehydes always produce primary alcohols while ketones always produce secondary alcohols (see sample problems on pages 55 & 56) Carboxylic Acids & Esters organic acids have a carboxyl functional group –COOH and are called carboxyl ...
1-13 acids esters fats
... They are formed when a Glycerol is combined with three fatty acids through esterification. Each hydroxyl form an ester linkage with a fatty acid and the whole molecule is called a triglyceride. ...
... They are formed when a Glycerol is combined with three fatty acids through esterification. Each hydroxyl form an ester linkage with a fatty acid and the whole molecule is called a triglyceride. ...
Theoretical Competition - Austrian Chemistry Olympiad
... In order to gain information about the kinetics of this reaction, it is possible to titrate S2O32- with iodine solution from time to time. The following procedure is convenient. 2.00 mL of the thiosulphate solution, which is used in the experiment, need 12.2 mL of iodine solution with c = 5.00·10-3 ...
... In order to gain information about the kinetics of this reaction, it is possible to titrate S2O32- with iodine solution from time to time. The following procedure is convenient. 2.00 mL of the thiosulphate solution, which is used in the experiment, need 12.2 mL of iodine solution with c = 5.00·10-3 ...
CHE-05 year 2004
... The internal alkynes have no NMR absorption characteristic of an alkynyl hydrogen because they have ______________ alkynyl hydrogen. iii) The alkynes are non-polar and dissolve in a ________________ solvent. ...
... The internal alkynes have no NMR absorption characteristic of an alkynyl hydrogen because they have ______________ alkynyl hydrogen. iii) The alkynes are non-polar and dissolve in a ________________ solvent. ...
The Preparation of Fragrant Esters
... produced are extremely volatile and can be removed from the system by distillation. If the ester is not very easily distilled, it may be possible instead to add a desiccant to the equilibrium system, thereby removing water from the system and forcing the equilibrium to the right. Unlike many organic ...
... produced are extremely volatile and can be removed from the system by distillation. If the ester is not very easily distilled, it may be possible instead to add a desiccant to the equilibrium system, thereby removing water from the system and forcing the equilibrium to the right. Unlike many organic ...
14 - Oxidation of Alcohols - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... Allow the reaction to stir at room temperature for 15 minutes. Note any changes in color or temperature during the entire procedure. While you are waiting for the reaction to proceed, clean an NMR tube with acetone and allow it to dry upside-down in a beaker or Erlenmeyer. This will allow enough tim ...
... Allow the reaction to stir at room temperature for 15 minutes. Note any changes in color or temperature during the entire procedure. While you are waiting for the reaction to proceed, clean an NMR tube with acetone and allow it to dry upside-down in a beaker or Erlenmeyer. This will allow enough tim ...
Chapter 5. An Overview of Organic Reactions
... the (conceptual) transition-state structure for the first step The bond between ...
... the (conceptual) transition-state structure for the first step The bond between ...
CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT II MODULE I Alkanes and Alkenes
... A primary alcohol reacts with cold concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogensulphate : Ethanol + conc. sulphuric acid Ethyl hydrogensulphate + Water If the alcohol is in excess and the reaction mixture is warmed to 140oC, an ether is formed ethyl hydrogensulphate + ethanol (excess) Diet ...
... A primary alcohol reacts with cold concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogensulphate : Ethanol + conc. sulphuric acid Ethyl hydrogensulphate + Water If the alcohol is in excess and the reaction mixture is warmed to 140oC, an ether is formed ethyl hydrogensulphate + ethanol (excess) Diet ...
Discussion Sheet 11
... Alcohols As Key Intermediates in Multistep Synthesis Skill 1: Alcohols as functional group intermediates Alcohols can be made from many functional groups Alcohols can be made into many functional groups Problem 1. Fill in the reagents for these reactions ...
... Alcohols As Key Intermediates in Multistep Synthesis Skill 1: Alcohols as functional group intermediates Alcohols can be made from many functional groups Alcohols can be made into many functional groups Problem 1. Fill in the reagents for these reactions ...
Industriel katalys
... Selective hydrogenation reactions Reduction of nitroarenes to aniline derivatives b) Oxidation Alcohol oxidation reactions Oxidation of heteroatoms: Sulfoxidation (Kagan oxidation) Baeyer-Villiger reaction c) Friedel-Crafts reaction Alkylation and acylation reactions Diarylketones via other methods ...
... Selective hydrogenation reactions Reduction of nitroarenes to aniline derivatives b) Oxidation Alcohol oxidation reactions Oxidation of heteroatoms: Sulfoxidation (Kagan oxidation) Baeyer-Villiger reaction c) Friedel-Crafts reaction Alkylation and acylation reactions Diarylketones via other methods ...
Final-01 - Yale Department of Chemistry
... 4. Synthesis: (25 pts.) We have discussed the pinacol rearrangement in class in the context of 1,2-diols 1 and 2. Design a synthesis of 1 or 2 from cyclohexanone and methyl bromide. All other reagents are available to you. No mechanisms are required. A few concepts that may apply are: C-C bond forma ...
... 4. Synthesis: (25 pts.) We have discussed the pinacol rearrangement in class in the context of 1,2-diols 1 and 2. Design a synthesis of 1 or 2 from cyclohexanone and methyl bromide. All other reagents are available to you. No mechanisms are required. A few concepts that may apply are: C-C bond forma ...
New catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids
... process depicted in Scheme 9, aromatic carboxylic acids are activated in situ with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and vinylated under extrusion of CO. All by-products are volatile, which makes product isolation particularly easy [17]. ...
... process depicted in Scheme 9, aromatic carboxylic acids are activated in situ with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and vinylated under extrusion of CO. All by-products are volatile, which makes product isolation particularly easy [17]. ...
Chapter 14 Applying Neutralizaton Titrations
... during formation of the carbonate ion, no error is incurred. Unfortunately, most titrations that make use of a standard base have basic end points and require an indicator with a basic transition range. In these basic solution, each carbonate ion has reacted with only one hydronium ion when the colo ...
... during formation of the carbonate ion, no error is incurred. Unfortunately, most titrations that make use of a standard base have basic end points and require an indicator with a basic transition range. In these basic solution, each carbonate ion has reacted with only one hydronium ion when the colo ...
Structural Characterisation by ESI-MS of Feruloylated Arabino-oligosaccharides Synthesised by Chemoenzymatic Esterification
... FAEs have been used in the synthesis of sugar ferulates such as 5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-L-arabinofuranose [5] or O-[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1→5)-L-arabinofuranose [6]. More specifically, StFaeC catalyzed the transfer of the feruloyl group to L-arabinose and L-arabinobiose in a terna ...
... FAEs have been used in the synthesis of sugar ferulates such as 5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-L-arabinofuranose [5] or O-[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1→5)-L-arabinofuranose [6]. More specifically, StFaeC catalyzed the transfer of the feruloyl group to L-arabinose and L-arabinobiose in a terna ...
Petasis reaction
The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by Nicos Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as a variation of the Mannich reaction. Rather than generating an enolate to form the substituted amine product, in the Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a variety of amines and organoboronic acids as potential starting materials. Additionally, the reaction does not require anhydrous or inert conditions. As a mild, selective synthesis, the Petasis reaction is useful in generating α-amino acids, and is utilized in combinatorial chemistry and drug discovery.