Haloalkanes
... Benzvlic and aclylic halide are also quite reactive in SN2 reactions. In fact, they are even more reactive than primary and methyl halide. They can react by either an S N1 or SN2 mechanism. Besides being able to form relatively stable carbocations, simple allyl and benzyl substrate are sterically un ...
... Benzvlic and aclylic halide are also quite reactive in SN2 reactions. In fact, they are even more reactive than primary and methyl halide. They can react by either an S N1 or SN2 mechanism. Besides being able to form relatively stable carbocations, simple allyl and benzyl substrate are sterically un ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... 2. Cleavage of Carbon–Carbon double bond by Ozone: Oxidative cleavage of an alkene breaks both the σ and π bonds of the double bond to form two carbonyl groups. Depending on the number of R groups bonded to the double bond, oxidative cleavage yields either ketones or aldehydes. ...
... 2. Cleavage of Carbon–Carbon double bond by Ozone: Oxidative cleavage of an alkene breaks both the σ and π bonds of the double bond to form two carbonyl groups. Depending on the number of R groups bonded to the double bond, oxidative cleavage yields either ketones or aldehydes. ...
Chapter 16: Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides
... The sulfur atom of sulfides is much more nucleophilic than the oxygen atom of ethers, and will react with alkyl halides to give stable sulfonium salts. H3C ...
... The sulfur atom of sulfides is much more nucleophilic than the oxygen atom of ethers, and will react with alkyl halides to give stable sulfonium salts. H3C ...
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION & ELIMINATION ON Csp 3
... (1) Dipolar (dipole = diff electronegativity: e.g. C-Cl) (2) Protic, i.e. has “loose” H+; the O-H, N-H, S-H groups ...
... (1) Dipolar (dipole = diff electronegativity: e.g. C-Cl) (2) Protic, i.e. has “loose” H+; the O-H, N-H, S-H groups ...
thiols and sulfides.
... The thiol S-H bond is less polarized than the O-H bond in alcohols (less hydrogen bonding) Acidity of S-H is greater than O-H ...
... The thiol S-H bond is less polarized than the O-H bond in alcohols (less hydrogen bonding) Acidity of S-H is greater than O-H ...
resonance effects - HCC Learning Web
... Inductive and resonance effects reinforce each other Ortho and para intermediates destabilized by ...
... Inductive and resonance effects reinforce each other Ortho and para intermediates destabilized by ...
Chapter 7: Dienes
... When a conjugated diene meets a dienophile, the attraction is so strong … O CH ...
... When a conjugated diene meets a dienophile, the attraction is so strong … O CH ...
Carboxylic Acids - BSAK Chemistry weebly
... • The name of the major product is ethanamide • Unlike the reactions between ethanoyl chloride and water or ethanol, hydrogen chloride isn't produced – why not? ...
... • The name of the major product is ethanamide • Unlike the reactions between ethanoyl chloride and water or ethanol, hydrogen chloride isn't produced – why not? ...
Alkane
... For RX compound, when X = Cl or F ,the b.p. will be higher than alkane which have the same molecular mass due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules. Solubility As the interaction between water and RX are quite different, (H-bond and dipole-dipole),they are only sightly soluble in wa ...
... For RX compound, when X = Cl or F ,the b.p. will be higher than alkane which have the same molecular mass due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules. Solubility As the interaction between water and RX are quite different, (H-bond and dipole-dipole),they are only sightly soluble in wa ...
Ester
... able to make soap. The reaction with water is very slow, so it is rarely used. Instead, we use a dilute acid so the reaction will happen faster. ...
... able to make soap. The reaction with water is very slow, so it is rarely used. Instead, we use a dilute acid so the reaction will happen faster. ...
Exam 2
... Chern 24 2 (w 2016) exam #2B 1. (10 pts) Circle what is true about Substitution and elimination reactions. ...
... Chern 24 2 (w 2016) exam #2B 1. (10 pts) Circle what is true about Substitution and elimination reactions. ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... ketones because of both steric and electronic effects. In aldehydes, the relatively small hydrogen atom is attached to one side of the carbonyl group. While a larger ...
... ketones because of both steric and electronic effects. In aldehydes, the relatively small hydrogen atom is attached to one side of the carbonyl group. While a larger ...
Nucleophilic Addition: The Grignard reagent
... you can add a small iodine crystal to the reaction. Once the reaction has started and a brownish gray suspension has begun to form, slowly add the remaining bromobenzene– ether solution over fifteen minutes. It is important that the reaction stays warm. The exothermic reaction should keep the reacti ...
... you can add a small iodine crystal to the reaction. Once the reaction has started and a brownish gray suspension has begun to form, slowly add the remaining bromobenzene– ether solution over fifteen minutes. It is important that the reaction stays warm. The exothermic reaction should keep the reacti ...
14. The Direct and Enantioselective Organocatalytic -Oxidation of Aldehydes
... variation of solvents has a pronounced effect on reaction rate (cf. entries 1 and 2 vs entries 8 and 9), excellent levels of enantioselection were observed for a diverse range of dielectric media. Notably, suppression of the homodimerization aldol3 and the R-amination pathway was accomplished by usi ...
... variation of solvents has a pronounced effect on reaction rate (cf. entries 1 and 2 vs entries 8 and 9), excellent levels of enantioselection were observed for a diverse range of dielectric media. Notably, suppression of the homodimerization aldol3 and the R-amination pathway was accomplished by usi ...
Document
... iodides are several times more reactive than alkyl bromides and from 50 to 100 times more reactive than alkyl chlorides. Fluorine has the strongest bond to carbon, and fluoride is the poorest leaving group. Alkyl fluorides are rarely used as substrates in nucleophilic substitution because they are s ...
... iodides are several times more reactive than alkyl bromides and from 50 to 100 times more reactive than alkyl chlorides. Fluorine has the strongest bond to carbon, and fluoride is the poorest leaving group. Alkyl fluorides are rarely used as substrates in nucleophilic substitution because they are s ...
Lectures 15, 16 and 17
... contain very polar carbon—metal bonds and are therefore very reactive reagents. • Organomagnesium reagents are called Grignard reagents. • Organocopper reagents (R2CuLi), also called organocuprates, have a less polar carbon—metal bond and are therefore less reactive. Although they contain two R grou ...
... contain very polar carbon—metal bonds and are therefore very reactive reagents. • Organomagnesium reagents are called Grignard reagents. • Organocopper reagents (R2CuLi), also called organocuprates, have a less polar carbon—metal bond and are therefore less reactive. Although they contain two R grou ...
Chapter 1 - chemistry
... The number of carbon atoms attached to the alkyl group determines whether the carbon is primary, secondary, or tertiary. Halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an arene (aromatic hydrocarbon) ring are called aryl halides. The attractions between halocarbon molecules are primarily ...
... The number of carbon atoms attached to the alkyl group determines whether the carbon is primary, secondary, or tertiary. Halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an arene (aromatic hydrocarbon) ring are called aryl halides. The attractions between halocarbon molecules are primarily ...
14_chapter 8
... NaIO4-DMF [11] and IBX [12]. Primary halides can also be oxidised to aldehydes using trimethylamine oxide [13], 4—dimethylaminopyridineN-oxide [14], other amine oxides [15], pyridine N-oxide under microwave irradiation [16], K2CrO4 in HMPA in the presence of a crown ether [17] and MnO2 [18]. In the ...
... NaIO4-DMF [11] and IBX [12]. Primary halides can also be oxidised to aldehydes using trimethylamine oxide [13], 4—dimethylaminopyridineN-oxide [14], other amine oxides [15], pyridine N-oxide under microwave irradiation [16], K2CrO4 in HMPA in the presence of a crown ether [17] and MnO2 [18]. In the ...
AH Chemistry 2015
... 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Chemistry Advanced Higher (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Numbe ...
... 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Chemistry Advanced Higher (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Numbe ...
Synthesis of (−)-Epibatidine - David A. Evans
... to reveal the desired substituted cyclohexanone core. It was found that treatment of 9 with n-Bu4NF preferentially induced a retro-aldol scission of the C1-C2 bond.12 It was postulated that removal of the oxazolidinone auxiliary might prevent the undesired fragmentation (C1-C2). However, standard me ...
... to reveal the desired substituted cyclohexanone core. It was found that treatment of 9 with n-Bu4NF preferentially induced a retro-aldol scission of the C1-C2 bond.12 It was postulated that removal of the oxazolidinone auxiliary might prevent the undesired fragmentation (C1-C2). However, standard me ...
Microsoft Word
... substituents of the chiral sulfur atom: a lone pair of electrons, an oxygen atom and two different carbon ligands. It is well known that sulfoxides participate as neighbouring groups in a number of reactions. Sulfoxide group participation in halohydrin formation from cyclic and simple acyclic olefin ...
... substituents of the chiral sulfur atom: a lone pair of electrons, an oxygen atom and two different carbon ligands. It is well known that sulfoxides participate as neighbouring groups in a number of reactions. Sulfoxide group participation in halohydrin formation from cyclic and simple acyclic olefin ...
PPT file
... The C=N bond is of similar strength to the C=C bond, so the reactions on the previous pages are fairly easily reversed by adding aqueous acid. (see assignment question) The C=N bond is different from the C=C bond in one important way, though. It is polar, so the carbon atom is still electrophilic. T ...
... The C=N bond is of similar strength to the C=C bond, so the reactions on the previous pages are fairly easily reversed by adding aqueous acid. (see assignment question) The C=N bond is different from the C=C bond in one important way, though. It is polar, so the carbon atom is still electrophilic. T ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.