JUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 15
... u (c)(i) - N.B. Keep in mind that both functional groups in FF react with neutral iron(III)chloride Comment: The deactivating COOH would have given a buff precipitate with FeCl3 while the phenol gives a strongly coloured solution. FF, with both types of groups, gives the formation of a brightly colo ...
... u (c)(i) - N.B. Keep in mind that both functional groups in FF react with neutral iron(III)chloride Comment: The deactivating COOH would have given a buff precipitate with FeCl3 while the phenol gives a strongly coloured solution. FF, with both types of groups, gives the formation of a brightly colo ...
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
... relative positions of the various groups attached to these carbon atoms get fixed. This gives rise to geometric isomers. Such compounds, which possess the same structural formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of the groups about a double bond are called geometrical isomers. The phenomenon is ...
... relative positions of the various groups attached to these carbon atoms get fixed. This gives rise to geometric isomers. Such compounds, which possess the same structural formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of the groups about a double bond are called geometrical isomers. The phenomenon is ...
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones – Nucleophilic Addition
... Ketones are less susceptible than aldehydes to attack by nucleophiles, so aldol additions occur more slowly with ketones. With ketones, the reaction proceeds well only if the product is removed from the basic solution or reacts further by dehydration. ...
... Ketones are less susceptible than aldehydes to attack by nucleophiles, so aldol additions occur more slowly with ketones. With ketones, the reaction proceeds well only if the product is removed from the basic solution or reacts further by dehydration. ...
alcohol
... Phenols are much stronger acids than alcohols mainly because the corresponding phenoxide ions are stabilized by resonance. The negative charge of an alkoxide ion is concentrated on the oxygen atom, while the negative charge on the phenoxide ion can be delocalized to the ortho and para ring positions ...
... Phenols are much stronger acids than alcohols mainly because the corresponding phenoxide ions are stabilized by resonance. The negative charge of an alkoxide ion is concentrated on the oxygen atom, while the negative charge on the phenoxide ion can be delocalized to the ortho and para ring positions ...
Safety-Catch Linker
... Safety-catch linkers are used especially for solid-phase-syntheses, which are nowadays very important and can be used for nearly every known reaction (syntheses of alcohols, phenols, guanidines, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, …). Advantages of safety-catch linkers: • greater control ov ...
... Safety-catch linkers are used especially for solid-phase-syntheses, which are nowadays very important and can be used for nearly every known reaction (syntheses of alcohols, phenols, guanidines, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, …). Advantages of safety-catch linkers: • greater control ov ...
INTERPRETATION OF INFRARED SPECTRA Hydrocarbons
... Alcohols and amines show a conspicuous OH or NH stretching absorption at 3000-3700 cm-1 (to the left of the hydrocarbon CH stretch). If there are two hydrogens on the amine, a double peak is seen. If the compound is a tertiary amine, no NH stretch is observed. The OH absorptions are generally quite ...
... Alcohols and amines show a conspicuous OH or NH stretching absorption at 3000-3700 cm-1 (to the left of the hydrocarbon CH stretch). If there are two hydrogens on the amine, a double peak is seen. If the compound is a tertiary amine, no NH stretch is observed. The OH absorptions are generally quite ...
Document
... It is important to know what nucleophiles will add to carbonyl groups. • Cl¯, Br¯ and I¯ are good nucleophiles in substitution reactions at sp3 hybridized carbons, but they are ineffective nucleophiles in addition. • When these nucleophiles add to a carbonyl, they cleave the C—O bond, forming an a ...
... It is important to know what nucleophiles will add to carbonyl groups. • Cl¯, Br¯ and I¯ are good nucleophiles in substitution reactions at sp3 hybridized carbons, but they are ineffective nucleophiles in addition. • When these nucleophiles add to a carbonyl, they cleave the C—O bond, forming an a ...
Chapter 14
... we have just learned that we can make tertiary alcohols using Grignard reagents in reaction with ketones. So, looking at the formation of bond A (the backward disconnection represented by the wavy line) we know that we could form the target molecule if we had the methyl magnesium bromide and ethyl p ...
... we have just learned that we can make tertiary alcohols using Grignard reagents in reaction with ketones. So, looking at the formation of bond A (the backward disconnection represented by the wavy line) we know that we could form the target molecule if we had the methyl magnesium bromide and ethyl p ...
9851a doc..9851a chapter .. Page97
... Although TPAP is at its most active when absolutely fresh, and activity is lost almost immediately, we have shown that there is minimal further loss between one and six days after synthesis, if stored at low temperatures (Table 1). Further to this, UV analysis of TPAP showed little change in either ...
... Although TPAP is at its most active when absolutely fresh, and activity is lost almost immediately, we have shown that there is minimal further loss between one and six days after synthesis, if stored at low temperatures (Table 1). Further to this, UV analysis of TPAP showed little change in either ...
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
... 7. Chlorine should be introduced slowly at first to prevent an accumulation of unreacted chlorine in the solution and avoid the risk of a rapid, exothermic reaction. The accumulation of chlorine is indicated by the appearance of its characteristic yellow-green color. 8. The checkers used a 15 × 7.5 ...
... 7. Chlorine should be introduced slowly at first to prevent an accumulation of unreacted chlorine in the solution and avoid the risk of a rapid, exothermic reaction. The accumulation of chlorine is indicated by the appearance of its characteristic yellow-green color. 8. The checkers used a 15 × 7.5 ...
Chemistry 209 - Experiment 3, Fall 2002
... Place approx. 0.2 mL (4-5 drops) of the liquid or approx. 0.1 g (1 small spatula tip) of the solid to be tested, in a test tube and add a total of approx. 3 mL of the solvent (either distilled water or hexane) in several portions. Cover the tube with a cork or rubber sleeve stopper and shake it vigo ...
... Place approx. 0.2 mL (4-5 drops) of the liquid or approx. 0.1 g (1 small spatula tip) of the solid to be tested, in a test tube and add a total of approx. 3 mL of the solvent (either distilled water or hexane) in several portions. Cover the tube with a cork or rubber sleeve stopper and shake it vigo ...
Sodium tungstate dihydrate - Revista Virtual de Química
... Recently, a catalytic system based on Na2WO4.2H2O/CH3CO2H/H2O2 was developed as an effective method to oxidize natural rubber (with a large number of carbon-carbon double bonds in its structure) into the corresponding epoxy derivatives. This catalytic system possesses much higher epoxidation efficie ...
... Recently, a catalytic system based on Na2WO4.2H2O/CH3CO2H/H2O2 was developed as an effective method to oxidize natural rubber (with a large number of carbon-carbon double bonds in its structure) into the corresponding epoxy derivatives. This catalytic system possesses much higher epoxidation efficie ...
A GRIGNARD REACTION: SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHYL-2
... 2. The Grignard reagent is mixed with a compound that has an electron-deficient carbonyl carbon. In this case, acetone is used. The electron-rich C attacks the electron-poor C forming a new C-C bond. Simultaneously, the carbonyl oxygen atom takes up one pair of electrons, creating the anion of an al ...
... 2. The Grignard reagent is mixed with a compound that has an electron-deficient carbonyl carbon. In this case, acetone is used. The electron-rich C attacks the electron-poor C forming a new C-C bond. Simultaneously, the carbonyl oxygen atom takes up one pair of electrons, creating the anion of an al ...
投影片 1
... • Many alcohols have been used as blocking agents, generally they give high deblocking temperatures. • Another exception is trihaloethyl alcohols; 2trifluoroethyl and 2-trichloroethyl alcohol blocked phenyl isocyanate are reported to have deblocking rates almost two orders of magnitude greater than ...
... • Many alcohols have been used as blocking agents, generally they give high deblocking temperatures. • Another exception is trihaloethyl alcohols; 2trifluoroethyl and 2-trichloroethyl alcohol blocked phenyl isocyanate are reported to have deblocking rates almost two orders of magnitude greater than ...
Title The Cyanide-Ion Cleavage of Organic Disulfides
... alkyl aryl sulfides in high yields in the presence of cyanide ion. The results of this novel reaction are summarized in Table 4. It is expected that alkyl aryl sulfides would be derived from aryl thiocyanates. Thus, aryl thiocyanates were found to react with alcohols in the presence of cyanide ion t ...
... alkyl aryl sulfides in high yields in the presence of cyanide ion. The results of this novel reaction are summarized in Table 4. It is expected that alkyl aryl sulfides would be derived from aryl thiocyanates. Thus, aryl thiocyanates were found to react with alcohols in the presence of cyanide ion t ...
Pseudoasymmetry as a Means for Distinguishing Meso
... sons. This criterion is also inapplicable to molecules which suffer stereomutation rapidly on the isolation time scale and is often tedious to carry out. N M R spectra can also be used in symmetry arguments to make configurational assignments. Thus, Hill and Chan have shown that it is possible to di ...
... sons. This criterion is also inapplicable to molecules which suffer stereomutation rapidly on the isolation time scale and is often tedious to carry out. N M R spectra can also be used in symmetry arguments to make configurational assignments. Thus, Hill and Chan have shown that it is possible to di ...
Some uses of mischmetall in organic synthesis
... and Catalytic-GP. The results, obtained either with Ce, La or Nd were close to those described with mischmetall. However, the alloy is much cheaper than cerium, lanthanum or neodymium, and moreover is less prone to oxidation. All this is in favour of the use of mischmetall instead of separated lanth ...
... and Catalytic-GP. The results, obtained either with Ce, La or Nd were close to those described with mischmetall. However, the alloy is much cheaper than cerium, lanthanum or neodymium, and moreover is less prone to oxidation. All this is in favour of the use of mischmetall instead of separated lanth ...
103. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Alcohols in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Formation of Quaternary Centers by Redox-Neutral Fragment Coupling
... (10) This disproportionation is unique to tert-alkyl hydrogen oxalates. Alkyl hydrogen oxalates derived from primary and secondary alcohols are stable and do not readily disproportionate. (11) The cesium oxalates were most conveniently prepared via hydrolysis of the corresponding tert-alkyl methyl o ...
... (10) This disproportionation is unique to tert-alkyl hydrogen oxalates. Alkyl hydrogen oxalates derived from primary and secondary alcohols are stable and do not readily disproportionate. (11) The cesium oxalates were most conveniently prepared via hydrolysis of the corresponding tert-alkyl methyl o ...
Development of New Synthetic Routes to Organoboronates by Catalytic Allylic Substitution and
... crotyl (R1=Me, R2=H, Scheme 9) species, this method has the advantage of using readily available and inexpensive starting materials. However, these reactive species are known to undergo facile metallotropic rearrangements,109-111 which may lead to scrambling of both regio- and stereoisomers in the c ...
... crotyl (R1=Me, R2=H, Scheme 9) species, this method has the advantage of using readily available and inexpensive starting materials. However, these reactive species are known to undergo facile metallotropic rearrangements,109-111 which may lead to scrambling of both regio- and stereoisomers in the c ...
Chemistry
... define the terms like rate of reaction, rate equation, order of reactions, rate constant and rate determining step; explain the significance of the rate determining step on the overall rate of a multistep reaction; write the rate law for the given reaction; relate activation energy and activated com ...
... define the terms like rate of reaction, rate equation, order of reactions, rate constant and rate determining step; explain the significance of the rate determining step on the overall rate of a multistep reaction; write the rate law for the given reaction; relate activation energy and activated com ...
Lecture 1: Key Concepts in Stereoselective Synthesis
... these additions are similar (entries 2 vs. 1, 3 vs. 1). In contrast, steric properties of the amine significantly affected the equilibrium constant. The addition of aniline to styrene occurred at a much higher conversion than the addition of N-methylaniline under equilibrium conditions (entries 4 vs ...
... these additions are similar (entries 2 vs. 1, 3 vs. 1). In contrast, steric properties of the amine significantly affected the equilibrium constant. The addition of aniline to styrene occurred at a much higher conversion than the addition of N-methylaniline under equilibrium conditions (entries 4 vs ...
74 CHAPTER-IV "LEAD (IV) ACETATE OXIDATIONS"
... With short chain alcohols eg, 1-propanol where 4-C cyclization didnot occur, complicated reactions were observed in benzene giving large number of products. ...
... With short chain alcohols eg, 1-propanol where 4-C cyclization didnot occur, complicated reactions were observed in benzene giving large number of products. ...
23.3 Carbonyl Compounds
... Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. ...
... Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. ...
Chem 240 - Napa Valley College
... 13) A grad student wanted to make diphenyl methanol using a Grignard reaction between phenyl magnesium bromide and benzaldehyde. To make sure his yield was good he added twice as much benzaldehyde as Grignard reagent and got a lot of white crystalline product. When he analyzed his product he found ...
... 13) A grad student wanted to make diphenyl methanol using a Grignard reaction between phenyl magnesium bromide and benzaldehyde. To make sure his yield was good he added twice as much benzaldehyde as Grignard reagent and got a lot of white crystalline product. When he analyzed his product he found ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.