Chapter 8 Alkenes and Alkynes II: Addition Reactions Alkenes are
... A cyclic intermediate results when an alkene reacts with MnO4A syn addition of the oxygens occurs resulting in a cis-diol after the oxygen-metal bonds are cleaved with the base. ...
... A cyclic intermediate results when an alkene reacts with MnO4A syn addition of the oxygens occurs resulting in a cis-diol after the oxygen-metal bonds are cleaved with the base. ...
Hydrolases as Catalysts for Green Chemistry and
... The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been recognised for providing clean processes with minimal impact on the environment. This thesis presents studies on engineering of enzymes and enzymebased processes in the light of green chemistry and environmental sustainability, and focuses on th ...
... The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been recognised for providing clean processes with minimal impact on the environment. This thesis presents studies on engineering of enzymes and enzymebased processes in the light of green chemistry and environmental sustainability, and focuses on th ...
APPROACHES TO CARBOHYDRATE-BASED CHEMICAL LIBRARIES: THE
... Santosh Nandan and Cheon-Gyu Cho, two postdocs who diligently tried to transform a stubborn pupil into a real organic chemist. I have been fortunate to enjoy many activities outside of work while in graduate school. Jon Come founded the lunchtime bridge game, claims to be a co-founder of morning ba ...
... Santosh Nandan and Cheon-Gyu Cho, two postdocs who diligently tried to transform a stubborn pupil into a real organic chemist. I have been fortunate to enjoy many activities outside of work while in graduate school. Jon Come founded the lunchtime bridge game, claims to be a co-founder of morning ba ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... The Clemmensen reduction is most commonly used to convert acylbenzenes (from Friedel-Crafts acylation) to alkylbenzenes, but it also works with other ketones or aldehydes that are not sensitive to acid. The carbonyl compound is heated with an excess of amalgamated zinc (zinc treated with mercury; Zn ...
... The Clemmensen reduction is most commonly used to convert acylbenzenes (from Friedel-Crafts acylation) to alkylbenzenes, but it also works with other ketones or aldehydes that are not sensitive to acid. The carbonyl compound is heated with an excess of amalgamated zinc (zinc treated with mercury; Zn ...
Answers
... 7. Retrosynthesis: Give the structure of the alcohol(s) and the carbonyl compound necessary to make these acetals under acidic conditions. ...
... 7. Retrosynthesis: Give the structure of the alcohol(s) and the carbonyl compound necessary to make these acetals under acidic conditions. ...
Hydroxyl-Directed Stereoselective Diboration of Alkenes
... amount of NaOtBu in the presence of methanol was examined and found to provide the product in good yields and moderate stereoselection. Examination of other bases in the presence of methanol showed that KOtBu and Cs2CO3 provided higher levels of selectivity and also very good conversion to product. ...
... amount of NaOtBu in the presence of methanol was examined and found to provide the product in good yields and moderate stereoselection. Examination of other bases in the presence of methanol showed that KOtBu and Cs2CO3 provided higher levels of selectivity and also very good conversion to product. ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides
... •A second alcohol molecule can act as a nucleophile. The nucleophile (ROH) is weak but the leaving group (ROH) is good. Mechanism is totally as expected: •Protonation of alcohol (setting up good leaving group) •For 2o and 3o ionization to yield a carbocation with alkene formation as side product. At ...
... •A second alcohol molecule can act as a nucleophile. The nucleophile (ROH) is weak but the leaving group (ROH) is good. Mechanism is totally as expected: •Protonation of alcohol (setting up good leaving group) •For 2o and 3o ionization to yield a carbocation with alkene formation as side product. At ...
Metal Carbenes
... W. D. Wulff, ‘Metal-Carbene Cycloadditions’ in ‘Comprehensive Organic Synthesis’, Wiley-Interscience:New York, 1988. L. S. Hegedus, ‘Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules’, 1994, University Science Books. R. R. Schrock, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6578. R. R. Schrock, Acc ...
... W. D. Wulff, ‘Metal-Carbene Cycloadditions’ in ‘Comprehensive Organic Synthesis’, Wiley-Interscience:New York, 1988. L. S. Hegedus, ‘Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules’, 1994, University Science Books. R. R. Schrock, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6578. R. R. Schrock, Acc ...
Hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester to fatty alcohol
... oils, have become the important base feedstock for the production of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants [1,2]. These fatty-alcohol-based surfactants have also gained more growing significance in the detergent market in the past few years, due to their excellent washing properties and superio ...
... oils, have become the important base feedstock for the production of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants [1,2]. These fatty-alcohol-based surfactants have also gained more growing significance in the detergent market in the past few years, due to their excellent washing properties and superio ...
Arkema exhibits at CPhI 2006, Paris, from October 3
... green oxidation catalyst makes its own contribution to the demands of modern chemistry which makes environmental protection a priority. The Oxynitrox® S100 catalyst offers countless prospects in fine chemicals, in particular with its capacity to steer the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into ...
... green oxidation catalyst makes its own contribution to the demands of modern chemistry which makes environmental protection a priority. The Oxynitrox® S100 catalyst offers countless prospects in fine chemicals, in particular with its capacity to steer the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into ...
Lecture 1: Key Concepts in Stereoselective Synthesis
... Overall, the reactions are exothermic but nearly ergoneutral. The electronic effect on this reaction is almost purely a result of kinetics, not thermodynamics. Factors, as the equilibrium constants, for these additions are similar (entries 2 vs. 1, 3 vs. 1). In contrast, steric properties of the ami ...
... Overall, the reactions are exothermic but nearly ergoneutral. The electronic effect on this reaction is almost purely a result of kinetics, not thermodynamics. Factors, as the equilibrium constants, for these additions are similar (entries 2 vs. 1, 3 vs. 1). In contrast, steric properties of the ami ...
45.1 Inter-conversions between the functional groups
... desired intermediate (chloroethane), but a mixture of haloalkane by-products such as 1,1dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1trichloroethane, etc. Formation of by-products reduces the efficiency of the synthesis. Some of the unwanted haloalkanes may cause the depletion of the ozone layer. They a ...
... desired intermediate (chloroethane), but a mixture of haloalkane by-products such as 1,1dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1trichloroethane, etc. Formation of by-products reduces the efficiency of the synthesis. Some of the unwanted haloalkanes may cause the depletion of the ozone layer. They a ...
Chapter 12 –Part 2 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with
... t The final product contains two identical groups at the alcohol ...
... t The final product contains two identical groups at the alcohol ...
click - Chemsheets
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
Silica Sulfuric Acid Promotes Aza-Michael Addition Reactions under
... increasingly awareness about the use of solid acids such as silica sulfuric acid (SSA) for synthesizing organic intermediates and fine chemicals [31–34]. SSA is a strong Brønsted and Lewis acid, presumably arising from the formation of SiO2-SO3H sites on the surface. This heterogeneous catalyst can ...
... increasingly awareness about the use of solid acids such as silica sulfuric acid (SSA) for synthesizing organic intermediates and fine chemicals [31–34]. SSA is a strong Brønsted and Lewis acid, presumably arising from the formation of SiO2-SO3H sites on the surface. This heterogeneous catalyst can ...
No Slide Title
... thrombin has three binding sites, labeled as S1, S2 and S3, that determine the strength and specificity of binding • The lipophilicity of S3 has been well determined • Lipophilicity represents the affinity of a molecule or moiety for a lipophilic environment (i.e. hydrophobicity) ...
... thrombin has three binding sites, labeled as S1, S2 and S3, that determine the strength and specificity of binding • The lipophilicity of S3 has been well determined • Lipophilicity represents the affinity of a molecule or moiety for a lipophilic environment (i.e. hydrophobicity) ...
Fluorinated Butatrienes - diss.fu-berlin.de
... wurde ein Enin-Isomer entdeckt, das erstaunlicherweise stabiler als sein Butatrien Isomer ist, obwohl es an der Dreifachbindung fluoriert ist. Eben jene Fluorierung an der Dreifachbindung ist eigentlich notwendig um die Energie fluorierter But-1-en-3-ine relativ ...
... wurde ein Enin-Isomer entdeckt, das erstaunlicherweise stabiler als sein Butatrien Isomer ist, obwohl es an der Dreifachbindung fluoriert ist. Eben jene Fluorierung an der Dreifachbindung ist eigentlich notwendig um die Energie fluorierter But-1-en-3-ine relativ ...
Discodermolide
(+)-Discodermolide is a polyketide natural product found to stabilize microtubule. (+)-discodermolide was isolated by Gunasekera and his co-workers at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute from the deep-sea sponge Discodermia dissoluta in 1990. (+)-Discodermolide was found to be a potent inhibitor of tumor cell growth in several MDR cancer cell lines. (+)-discodermolide also shows some unique characters, including a linear backbone structure, immunosuppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo, potent induction of an accelerated senescence phenotype, and synergistic antiproliferative activity in combination with paclitaxel. Discodermolide was recognized as one of the most potent natural promoters of tubulin assembly. A large number of efforts toward the total synthesis of (+)-discodermolide were directed by its interesting biological activities and extreme scarcity of natural sources (0.002% w/w from frozen marine sponge). The compound supply necessary for complete clinical trials cannot be met by harvesting, isolation, and purification. As of 2005, attempts at synthesis or semi-synthesis by fermentation have proven unsuccessful. As a result, all discodermolide used in preclinical studies and clinical trials has come from large-scale total synthesis.