15 - MSU Chemistry
... The starting material for the second reaction is also achiral as it too has a plane of symmetry. The stereochemistry merely shows that the two OTs groups are on the same side of th ...
... The starting material for the second reaction is also achiral as it too has a plane of symmetry. The stereochemistry merely shows that the two OTs groups are on the same side of th ...
Secondary alcohols
... Alkyl and hydride shifts to primary carbons bearing leaving groups can occur without the formation of primary carbocations. ...
... Alkyl and hydride shifts to primary carbons bearing leaving groups can occur without the formation of primary carbocations. ...
WRL3502.tmp
... General Concepts Alkyl halides are most commonly synthesized from alcohols by replacing the hydroxyl group with a halide substituent. This is an example of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, which is part of a very important group of reactions. The overall reaction is the same, but the mechanism v ...
... General Concepts Alkyl halides are most commonly synthesized from alcohols by replacing the hydroxyl group with a halide substituent. This is an example of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, which is part of a very important group of reactions. The overall reaction is the same, but the mechanism v ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... carbonyl and both hydrogens come from the nitrogen. When we consider the mechanism for this reaction, we need to carefully consider the following factors: 1. Charge balance and conservation: Since the reaction takes place in acidic solution, we cannot have isolated negative charges. Molecules can ei ...
... carbonyl and both hydrogens come from the nitrogen. When we consider the mechanism for this reaction, we need to carefully consider the following factors: 1. Charge balance and conservation: Since the reaction takes place in acidic solution, we cannot have isolated negative charges. Molecules can ei ...
A Diels-Alder Synthesis
... instance, can form two different products. One in which the two ester substituents on the bicyclic frame are on the same side as the methylene bridge (exo product), the other in which they are on the opposite side (trans) of the bridge (endo product). Exo substituents are placed cis with respect to ...
... instance, can form two different products. One in which the two ester substituents on the bicyclic frame are on the same side as the methylene bridge (exo product), the other in which they are on the opposite side (trans) of the bridge (endo product). Exo substituents are placed cis with respect to ...
phenol - Knockhardy
... • the aromatic ring helps weaken the O-H bond and stabilises the resulting anion • it dissolves very slightly in water to form a weak acidic solution C6H5OH(aq) ...
... • the aromatic ring helps weaken the O-H bond and stabilises the resulting anion • it dissolves very slightly in water to form a weak acidic solution C6H5OH(aq) ...
5.7 Hemiacetals and hemiketals Aldehydes react with alcohols to
... direction, the necessity of twisting the ring in such a way as to position the OH group on the #5 C in such a way as to react with the partially positively charged carbon atom locks the other OH groups in the configuration shown above. The OH group ON the #1 carbon DOES have 2 possible configuration ...
... direction, the necessity of twisting the ring in such a way as to position the OH group on the #5 C in such a way as to react with the partially positively charged carbon atom locks the other OH groups in the configuration shown above. The OH group ON the #1 carbon DOES have 2 possible configuration ...
Final-01 - Yale Department of Chemistry
... we are not only dealing with two cyclohexenes but also the position of the double bond in the ring. A and D are defined. B and C are formed by bromine radical addition to give a tertiary radical that abstracts a hydrogen atom from HBr. In both B and C the reacting conformation must have bromine axia ...
... we are not only dealing with two cyclohexenes but also the position of the double bond in the ring. A and D are defined. B and C are formed by bromine radical addition to give a tertiary radical that abstracts a hydrogen atom from HBr. In both B and C the reacting conformation must have bromine axia ...
Lecture 13a - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... • R= alkyl (Me, Et, iso-Pr, tert. Bu), alkoxy (OMe, OEt), amino (NMe2, NEt2): solution method works, but it is very slow; the microwave reaction is much faster ...
... • R= alkyl (Me, Et, iso-Pr, tert. Bu), alkoxy (OMe, OEt), amino (NMe2, NEt2): solution method works, but it is very slow; the microwave reaction is much faster ...
Discussion Worksheet #10 Formation of Alcohols Skill 1: Functional
... There are ways to control regiochemistry and stereochemistry with alcohol formation ...
... There are ways to control regiochemistry and stereochemistry with alcohol formation ...
review sheet plus practice problems
... Describe hydrogen bonding in alcohols, and compare alcohol polarity to ether polarity. What are the acid/base properties of alcohols? Rank the alcohols in order of acidity. How are Grignard reagents prepared? Describe their bond polarity. Use the Williamson ether synthesis (SN2 reaction of RO-) to p ...
... Describe hydrogen bonding in alcohols, and compare alcohol polarity to ether polarity. What are the acid/base properties of alcohols? Rank the alcohols in order of acidity. How are Grignard reagents prepared? Describe their bond polarity. Use the Williamson ether synthesis (SN2 reaction of RO-) to p ...
Chapter 20 Carbohydrates
... planar ring, lying roughly perpendicular to the plane of the paper. • Groups bonded to the carbons of the ring then lie either above or below the plane of the ring. • The new carbon stereocenter created in forming the cyclic structure is called the anomeric carbon. • Stereoisomers that differ in con ...
... planar ring, lying roughly perpendicular to the plane of the paper. • Groups bonded to the carbons of the ring then lie either above or below the plane of the ring. • The new carbon stereocenter created in forming the cyclic structure is called the anomeric carbon. • Stereoisomers that differ in con ...
reactions of alcohols
... ammonia and silver nitrate. The active substance is the complex ion of [Ag(NH3)2]+ . • Conditions: heat gently • Reaction: aldehydes only are oxidised by Tollen’s reagent into a carboxylic acid and the silver(I) ions are reduced to silver atoms coating the inside of the test tube . The silver coatin ...
... ammonia and silver nitrate. The active substance is the complex ion of [Ag(NH3)2]+ . • Conditions: heat gently • Reaction: aldehydes only are oxidised by Tollen’s reagent into a carboxylic acid and the silver(I) ions are reduced to silver atoms coating the inside of the test tube . The silver coatin ...
Handout 7
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
Unit 2 Review: Answers: Review for Organic Chemistry Unit Test 2
... alcohols. Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid so it will form esters with alcohols. The formation of an ester can be detected by a change in odour. 4. Be able to recognize and predict the products for the following types of reactions: Type of Reaction ...
... alcohols. Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid so it will form esters with alcohols. The formation of an ester can be detected by a change in odour. 4. Be able to recognize and predict the products for the following types of reactions: Type of Reaction ...
Reactions at Benzylic Carbons Carboxylic Acids and Reduction
... Synthetically Equivalent to Carbanions alkyllithium (organolithium) Grignard reagent (organomagnesium halide) alkynylsodium Computed electronic structure of CH3Li ...
... Synthetically Equivalent to Carbanions alkyllithium (organolithium) Grignard reagent (organomagnesium halide) alkynylsodium Computed electronic structure of CH3Li ...
Chapters 20 & 21
... 1 – meth6 – hex2 – eth7 – hept3 – prop8 – oct4 – but9 – non5 – pent10 – decExample a 5 carbon straight chain would be pentane ...
... 1 – meth6 – hex2 – eth7 – hept3 – prop8 – oct4 – but9 – non5 – pent10 – decExample a 5 carbon straight chain would be pentane ...
CH 12-3 Power Point
... •The “Grignard Reagent” is essentially a carbon nucleophile in the form of a coordinate covalent bond. •The Grignard Reagent then reacts with an oxygen compound (aldehyde, ketone, ester, epoxide) to produce a new C-C bond and an alcohol. ...
... •The “Grignard Reagent” is essentially a carbon nucleophile in the form of a coordinate covalent bond. •The Grignard Reagent then reacts with an oxygen compound (aldehyde, ketone, ester, epoxide) to produce a new C-C bond and an alcohol. ...
cellulose
... alcohols, as model compounds, has congroups in cellulose suggests that any resisrlI1I1ed that the ring formation during silylatance to sHylation may be due mostly to tion of cellulose with dichlorodisiloxane is steric reasons and lack of solubility than to uncertain. intrinsic chemical difficulties ...
... alcohols, as model compounds, has congroups in cellulose suggests that any resisrlI1I1ed that the ring formation during silylatance to sHylation may be due mostly to tion of cellulose with dichlorodisiloxane is steric reasons and lack of solubility than to uncertain. intrinsic chemical difficulties ...
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
... ■ The polarity in halogenoalkanes is due to the fact that the halogen atom is more electronegative than carbon, and so exserts a stronger pull on the shared electrons in the carbon-halogen bond. ■ As a result, the halogen gains a partial negative charge and the carbon gains a partial positive charge ...
... ■ The polarity in halogenoalkanes is due to the fact that the halogen atom is more electronegative than carbon, and so exserts a stronger pull on the shared electrons in the carbon-halogen bond. ■ As a result, the halogen gains a partial negative charge and the carbon gains a partial positive charge ...
2.9 database - DrBravoChemistry
... Name compound X and name a mechanism for Reaction 1. Explain why ethene is able to react with bromine in this reaction, given that bromine molecules are non-polar. ...
... Name compound X and name a mechanism for Reaction 1. Explain why ethene is able to react with bromine in this reaction, given that bromine molecules are non-polar. ...
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement (TDR) is the chemical reaction of a 1-aminomethyl-cycloalkanol with nitrous acid to form an enlarged cycloketone.The Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, or TDR, provides an easy way to increase amino-substituted cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols in size by one carbon. Ring sizes from cyclopropane through cyclooctane are able to undergo Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion with some degree of success. Yields decrease as initial ring size increases, and the ideal use of TDR is for synthesis of five, six, and seven membered rings. A principal synthetic application of Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion is to bicyclic or polycyclic systems. Several reviews on this reaction have been published.