Alkyl and Aryl Halides
... present in high concentrations favor SN2 reactions. • Weak nucleophiles, such as H2O and ROH favor SN1 reactions by decreasing the rate of any competing SN2 reaction. • Let us compare the substitution products formed when the 2° alkyl halide A is treated with either the strong nucleophile HO¯ or the ...
... present in high concentrations favor SN2 reactions. • Weak nucleophiles, such as H2O and ROH favor SN1 reactions by decreasing the rate of any competing SN2 reaction. • Let us compare the substitution products formed when the 2° alkyl halide A is treated with either the strong nucleophile HO¯ or the ...
PPA 1. Testing for Unsaturation
... Cracking is important because it produces smaller chain hydrocarbons for which there is a greater demand. Secondly, it produces unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are important starting materials in the manufacture of plastics. The set up for the experiment is as follows: ...
... Cracking is important because it produces smaller chain hydrocarbons for which there is a greater demand. Secondly, it produces unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are important starting materials in the manufacture of plastics. The set up for the experiment is as follows: ...
synthesis in industry
... give very low yields of the desired 2-alkyl-3-chloronaphthoquinones. Dialkylation and reduction of the quinone are major complications. Mild alkylating agents such as tetraalkyltins do not react with the dichloro compound unassisted, but we found that the alkylation can be catalyzed. For example, th ...
... give very low yields of the desired 2-alkyl-3-chloronaphthoquinones. Dialkylation and reduction of the quinone are major complications. Mild alkylating agents such as tetraalkyltins do not react with the dichloro compound unassisted, but we found that the alkylation can be catalyzed. For example, th ...
Oxidation of Cyclohexanol
... Wet a piece of a potassium iodide-starch test paper and put a drop of the reaction mixture on it. Be sure to test the bleach solution, not the product cyclohexanone that has risen to the top. If the paper does not change its color the test for an oxidizing agent is negative. If this occurs add anoth ...
... Wet a piece of a potassium iodide-starch test paper and put a drop of the reaction mixture on it. Be sure to test the bleach solution, not the product cyclohexanone that has risen to the top. If the paper does not change its color the test for an oxidizing agent is negative. If this occurs add anoth ...
Student Worksheet Part 1 Synthesis w/ answers
... 3. The reaction can only happen at higher temperatures, which ties in with (2) and means that removing sample from the reaction vessel essentially quenches (stops) the reaction as soon as it cools below 200°C. 4. Because the reaction is relatively slow, thermodynamic considerations are important, me ...
... 3. The reaction can only happen at higher temperatures, which ties in with (2) and means that removing sample from the reaction vessel essentially quenches (stops) the reaction as soon as it cools below 200°C. 4. Because the reaction is relatively slow, thermodynamic considerations are important, me ...
PPT
... NAMING AMIDES • Use the carboxylic acid’s name and drop the –ic ending (common name) or –oic ending (IUPAC name) and change to –amide. Examples: ...
... NAMING AMIDES • Use the carboxylic acid’s name and drop the –ic ending (common name) or –oic ending (IUPAC name) and change to –amide. Examples: ...
10 bioenergetics 03
... methanogenesis is from proton translocation via electron transfer to the methyl group generated during metabolism. Methanogenesis = anaerobic methyl respiration ...
... methanogenesis is from proton translocation via electron transfer to the methyl group generated during metabolism. Methanogenesis = anaerobic methyl respiration ...
Chapter 7 Alkenes and Alkynes I
... In heterogeneous catalysis the hydrogen and alkene adsorb to the catalyst surface and then a step-wise formation of C-H bonds ...
... In heterogeneous catalysis the hydrogen and alkene adsorb to the catalyst surface and then a step-wise formation of C-H bonds ...
Ch 23 Carbonyl Condensations
... - Two aldehyde or ketone molecules combine to form a -hydroxy carbonyl. - The enolate is created from an aldehyde or ketone by adding a base (NaOH or NaOEt), which removes an H, creating an enolate. - The enolate’s C adds to the carbonyl C of another molecule. Typically, the reaction is with an ...
... - Two aldehyde or ketone molecules combine to form a -hydroxy carbonyl. - The enolate is created from an aldehyde or ketone by adding a base (NaOH or NaOEt), which removes an H, creating an enolate. - The enolate’s C adds to the carbonyl C of another molecule. Typically, the reaction is with an ...
Chapter 24. Amines
... Most amines that have 3 different substituents on N are not resolved because the molecules interconvert by pyramidal inversion ...
... Most amines that have 3 different substituents on N are not resolved because the molecules interconvert by pyramidal inversion ...
Chapter 24. Amines - Houston Community College System
... Most amines that have 3 different substituents on N are not resolved because the molecules interconvert by pyramidal inversion ...
... Most amines that have 3 different substituents on N are not resolved because the molecules interconvert by pyramidal inversion ...
Chemdraw B&W - Pennsylvania State University
... • SN2 reaction:, the leaving group X can be chloride, bromide, iodide, or tosylate • R should be primary or methyl and preferably should be allylic or benzylic • Secondary halides react poorly, and tertiary halides don't react at all because of competing elimination ...
... • SN2 reaction:, the leaving group X can be chloride, bromide, iodide, or tosylate • R should be primary or methyl and preferably should be allylic or benzylic • Secondary halides react poorly, and tertiary halides don't react at all because of competing elimination ...
Experiment 4- Alkene
... (ii) Reactions of Alkenes Alkenes, containing a site of unsaturation, undergo electrophilic addition reactions with several reagents such as halogens, oxidizing agents, and sulfuric, halogen, and hypohalous acids. In particular, bromine and oxidizing agents such as permanganate are widely used in qu ...
... (ii) Reactions of Alkenes Alkenes, containing a site of unsaturation, undergo electrophilic addition reactions with several reagents such as halogens, oxidizing agents, and sulfuric, halogen, and hypohalous acids. In particular, bromine and oxidizing agents such as permanganate are widely used in qu ...
Stoich chem reactions practice Answer Section
... 2. In writing an equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is a. H. c. H2. b. 2H. d. OH. 3. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the a. coefficients. c. formulas of the products. b. subscripts. d. number of products. 4. Which word equati ...
... 2. In writing an equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is a. H. c. H2. b. 2H. d. OH. 3. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the a. coefficients. c. formulas of the products. b. subscripts. d. number of products. 4. Which word equati ...
Microwave-Enhanced Sulphated Zirconia and SZ/MCM
... There is a noticeable growing interest in obtaining solid catalysts that should be able to replace those commonly used, such as concentrated H2SO4, HCl and triflates, among others, for chemical transformations because they can be recovered, reused, and are generally innocuous to the environment. Sul ...
... There is a noticeable growing interest in obtaining solid catalysts that should be able to replace those commonly used, such as concentrated H2SO4, HCl and triflates, among others, for chemical transformations because they can be recovered, reused, and are generally innocuous to the environment. Sul ...
Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
... Step 3 – Oxygen radical reacts with C8-C9 double bond forming carbon radical at C8 Step 4 – C8 radical adds to C12-C13 double bond forming carbon radical at C13 ...
... Step 3 – Oxygen radical reacts with C8-C9 double bond forming carbon radical at C8 Step 4 – C8 radical adds to C12-C13 double bond forming carbon radical at C13 ...
Catalysis Web Pages for Pre-University
... Titanium (III) chloride, (TiCl3), titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4 ) and aluminium triethyl (Al2(CH3CH2)3 ) are Ziegler-Natta catalysts and are used in the polymerisation of ethene, C2H4, (an alkene) to high density poly(ethane). The pressure used is 50-75 oC. Poly(ethene), more commonly called polythe ...
... Titanium (III) chloride, (TiCl3), titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4 ) and aluminium triethyl (Al2(CH3CH2)3 ) are Ziegler-Natta catalysts and are used in the polymerisation of ethene, C2H4, (an alkene) to high density poly(ethane). The pressure used is 50-75 oC. Poly(ethene), more commonly called polythe ...
Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed free radical cannot free move in
... phenomenon showed the free radical produced by the enzyme catalyze has not diffused into the solution, only happened on enzyme surface, so the product formed adhered to surface of the immobilized HRP (agar-agar bead). The above result may explain that peroxidase catalyzed the phenol polyreaction is ...
... phenomenon showed the free radical produced by the enzyme catalyze has not diffused into the solution, only happened on enzyme surface, so the product formed adhered to surface of the immobilized HRP (agar-agar bead). The above result may explain that peroxidase catalyzed the phenol polyreaction is ...
n - TU Chemnitz
... a) S. Kirchmeyer, A. Mertens, G. A. Olah, Synthesis 1983, 500–502; b) A. Hassner, R. Fibiger, A. S. Amarasekara, J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22–27. a) P. Herczegh, M. Zsély, I. Kovács, G. Batta, F. J. Sztaricskai, Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 1195–1198. b) C. Gauthier, Y. Ramondenc, G. Plé, ...
... a) S. Kirchmeyer, A. Mertens, G. A. Olah, Synthesis 1983, 500–502; b) A. Hassner, R. Fibiger, A. S. Amarasekara, J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22–27. a) P. Herczegh, M. Zsély, I. Kovács, G. Batta, F. J. Sztaricskai, Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 1195–1198. b) C. Gauthier, Y. Ramondenc, G. Plé, ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... What will be the major product formed on dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromo-2,3dimethylbutane. 06. Name the following alcohols by carbinol and IUPAC system: (i) CH3CHOHCH=CH2 (ii) CH3CH2C(CH3)(OH)CH2CH2CH3 07. COC bond angle in diethyl ether is greater than HOH bond angle in water. Explain. 0 ...
... What will be the major product formed on dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromo-2,3dimethylbutane. 06. Name the following alcohols by carbinol and IUPAC system: (i) CH3CHOHCH=CH2 (ii) CH3CH2C(CH3)(OH)CH2CH2CH3 07. COC bond angle in diethyl ether is greater than HOH bond angle in water. Explain. 0 ...
Addition of Alcohols to Form Hemiacetals and Acetals
... amine are usually mixed with the subsequent reagent and the imine is consumed immediately upon formation. ...
... amine are usually mixed with the subsequent reagent and the imine is consumed immediately upon formation. ...
Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for
... Herein we report, a halogen free Bronsted acidic IL N-methyl-2pyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate as an efficient and reusable catalyst for transesterification of b-ketoesters (Scheme 1). The IL has several important features over prevalent transesterification systems such as (1) ½NMPþ HSO 4 shows better ac ...
... Herein we report, a halogen free Bronsted acidic IL N-methyl-2pyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate as an efficient and reusable catalyst for transesterification of b-ketoesters (Scheme 1). The IL has several important features over prevalent transesterification systems such as (1) ½NMPþ HSO 4 shows better ac ...
AH Chemistry 2015
... 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Chemistry Advanced Higher (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Numbe ...
... 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Chemistry Advanced Higher (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Numbe ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.