Oxidation and Reduction
... Since PDC is less acidic than PCC it is often used to oxidize alcohols that may be sensitive to acids. In methylene chloride solution, PDC oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols in roughly the same fashion as PCC, but much more slowly. However, in DMF solution saturated primary alcohols are oxidize ...
... Since PDC is less acidic than PCC it is often used to oxidize alcohols that may be sensitive to acids. In methylene chloride solution, PDC oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols in roughly the same fashion as PCC, but much more slowly. However, in DMF solution saturated primary alcohols are oxidize ...
Chapter 17: Amines and Amides
... Primary amines (1o): Nitrogen with one R group Secondary amines (2o): Nitrogen with two R groups Tertiary amines (3o): Nitrogen with three R groups Quaternary amines (4° ): Ions in which nitrogen is bonded to four carbons and bears a positive charge. Called tetraalkylammonium ...
... Primary amines (1o): Nitrogen with one R group Secondary amines (2o): Nitrogen with two R groups Tertiary amines (3o): Nitrogen with three R groups Quaternary amines (4° ): Ions in which nitrogen is bonded to four carbons and bears a positive charge. Called tetraalkylammonium ...
A-level Chemistry Question paper Unit 04 - Kinetics, Equilibria
... This reaction was found to be first order with respect to (CH3)3CBr but zero order with respect to hydroxide ions. The following two-step process was suggested. ...
... This reaction was found to be first order with respect to (CH3)3CBr but zero order with respect to hydroxide ions. The following two-step process was suggested. ...
Alcohols and Carbonyls test
... a hint!!!! Ethanol, will in the presence of strong acids, or when the vapour is passed over aluminium oxide, undergoes dehydration to form ethene. ...
... a hint!!!! Ethanol, will in the presence of strong acids, or when the vapour is passed over aluminium oxide, undergoes dehydration to form ethene. ...
C - Glow Blogs
... a hint!!!! Ethanol, will in the presence of strong acids, or when the vapour is passed over aluminium oxide, undergoes dehydration to form ethene. ...
... a hint!!!! Ethanol, will in the presence of strong acids, or when the vapour is passed over aluminium oxide, undergoes dehydration to form ethene. ...
United States Patent Boyle et aI.
... pyrazine, piperazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2 A-triazine, 1,2.4oxazine, l,3,2-oxazine, o-isoxazine, 1.2,5-oxathiazine, 1,4oxazine, p-isoxazine. 1.2,6-oxathiazine, 13,5.2-oxadiazine, morpholine, azepine. oxepin, thiepin, 1.2.4-diazepine, and the like. Preferably, when Rl and R z• R3 and ~, Rs and ~, or R ...
... pyrazine, piperazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2 A-triazine, 1,2.4oxazine, l,3,2-oxazine, o-isoxazine, 1.2,5-oxathiazine, 1,4oxazine, p-isoxazine. 1.2,6-oxathiazine, 13,5.2-oxadiazine, morpholine, azepine. oxepin, thiepin, 1.2.4-diazepine, and the like. Preferably, when Rl and R z• R3 and ~, Rs and ~, or R ...
幻灯片 1
... • The compound that one (or more) hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon is substituted by halogen atom is called halogensubstituted hydrocarbon. • According to the hydrocarbon, halogen-substituted hydrocarbon can be classified into: ...
... • The compound that one (or more) hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon is substituted by halogen atom is called halogensubstituted hydrocarbon. • According to the hydrocarbon, halogen-substituted hydrocarbon can be classified into: ...
PDF document
... and activation entropies (between –5 to –42 Jmol–1K–1) were obtained. Activation entropies were found to be higher for less hindered substrates, indicating that the rate-determining steps were mainly regulated by steric factors. An electron transfer-type process thus forming cation-radical species 1 ...
... and activation entropies (between –5 to –42 Jmol–1K–1) were obtained. Activation entropies were found to be higher for less hindered substrates, indicating that the rate-determining steps were mainly regulated by steric factors. An electron transfer-type process thus forming cation-radical species 1 ...
Retrosynthesis - Organic Chemistry
... 6 Retrosynthesis : Summary of Reactions Do NOT start studying by trying to memorize the reactions here! Work as many problems as you can, with this list of reactions in front of you if necessary, so that you can get through as many problems as you can without getting stuck on eth reagents/condition ...
... 6 Retrosynthesis : Summary of Reactions Do NOT start studying by trying to memorize the reactions here! Work as many problems as you can, with this list of reactions in front of you if necessary, so that you can get through as many problems as you can without getting stuck on eth reagents/condition ...
cape chemistry unit ii module i
... Sometimes it is necessary to modify the phenol first to make the reaction faster. For example, benzoyl chloride has the formula C6H5COCl. The -COCl group is attached directly to a benzene ring. It is much less reactive than simple acyl chlorides like ethanoyl chloride. In order to get a reasonably q ...
... Sometimes it is necessary to modify the phenol first to make the reaction faster. For example, benzoyl chloride has the formula C6H5COCl. The -COCl group is attached directly to a benzene ring. It is much less reactive than simple acyl chlorides like ethanoyl chloride. In order to get a reasonably q ...
An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol1
... position, will predominate but will not be the exclusive product in the final reaction mixture. The percentage composition of the mixture can be determined by spectroscopy. It is interesting to note that when the methyl groups are removed (as in 2-norbornanone), the top side (exo approach) is favore ...
... position, will predominate but will not be the exclusive product in the final reaction mixture. The percentage composition of the mixture can be determined by spectroscopy. It is interesting to note that when the methyl groups are removed (as in 2-norbornanone), the top side (exo approach) is favore ...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, General Corrected Mechanism
... can react in two or even more different ways depending on the structure and conditions. For instance, carbanion of α-phenoxy- and α-methoxyphenylacetonitriles can react with o-chloronitrobenzene in five different ways to give five products with high yields and selectivities sic!!! [14]. Scheme 3. ...
... can react in two or even more different ways depending on the structure and conditions. For instance, carbanion of α-phenoxy- and α-methoxyphenylacetonitriles can react with o-chloronitrobenzene in five different ways to give five products with high yields and selectivities sic!!! [14]. Scheme 3. ...
carbohydrates: monosaccharides. oligo
... unbranched chains, so quantity of the isomers is expected to be quite small. However, monosaccharides contain several asymmetric carbon atoms and therefore they show optical isomerism. Thus, aldohexoses have four asymmetric carbon atoms and 16 optical antipodes. They are divided into eight pairs of ...
... unbranched chains, so quantity of the isomers is expected to be quite small. However, monosaccharides contain several asymmetric carbon atoms and therefore they show optical isomerism. Thus, aldohexoses have four asymmetric carbon atoms and 16 optical antipodes. They are divided into eight pairs of ...
Lab 9
... chlolesterol. Cholesterol is the most common compound in the class of compounds called sterols. As the name implies, sterols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group. Because sterols are alcohols, they have the characteristic name ending –ol of an alcohol. Sterols contain four trans-fused rings that are label ...
... chlolesterol. Cholesterol is the most common compound in the class of compounds called sterols. As the name implies, sterols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group. Because sterols are alcohols, they have the characteristic name ending –ol of an alcohol. Sterols contain four trans-fused rings that are label ...
Answers - Final Exam 2013
... with H2 and Lindlar catalyst, followed by OsO4 and then aqueous NaHSO3, or when treated with Na in liquid NH3, followed by MCPBA and then aqueous H2SO4, and an alkyne also containing at least 3 carbon atoms that produces a chiral diol when treated under the same conditions: produces an achiral diol ...
... with H2 and Lindlar catalyst, followed by OsO4 and then aqueous NaHSO3, or when treated with Na in liquid NH3, followed by MCPBA and then aqueous H2SO4, and an alkyne also containing at least 3 carbon atoms that produces a chiral diol when treated under the same conditions: produces an achiral diol ...
Practice Problem - HCC Southeast Commons
... oxidizing agent (H2O2 or CuCl2) to yield iodobenzene – Iodine must be oxidized to form a more powerful electrophilic I+ species (with Cu2+ or peroxide) ...
... oxidizing agent (H2O2 or CuCl2) to yield iodobenzene – Iodine must be oxidized to form a more powerful electrophilic I+ species (with Cu2+ or peroxide) ...
Chemistry
... 11.3.2 construct simple energy cycle by using Hess’s law from the given reactions; 11.3.3 calculate standard heat of formation and heat of reaction by using Hess’s law; 11.3.4 calculate the heat of reaction using experimental data (Cm∆t=q); 11.3.5 explain working of a calorimeter; ...
... 11.3.2 construct simple energy cycle by using Hess’s law from the given reactions; 11.3.3 calculate standard heat of formation and heat of reaction by using Hess’s law; 11.3.4 calculate the heat of reaction using experimental data (Cm∆t=q); 11.3.5 explain working of a calorimeter; ...
Metal-catalysed approaches to amide bond formation
... As the preparation of amides from carboxylic acids is difficult to achieve in a catalytic manner, their derivatives, particularly esters, have been explored as an alternative in catalytic amide forming reactions. In 2003, a simple procedure was published by Ranu and Dutta, using a catalytic amount of ...
... As the preparation of amides from carboxylic acids is difficult to achieve in a catalytic manner, their derivatives, particularly esters, have been explored as an alternative in catalytic amide forming reactions. In 2003, a simple procedure was published by Ranu and Dutta, using a catalytic amount of ...
Preparation of Cyclic Urethanes from Amino Alcohols and Carbon
... viewpoints. Cyclic urethanes are produced from amino alcohols and CO2 even in the absence of catalysts, but, unfortunately, their yields are low [11,16,18]. Desirable high yields can be achieved by employing stoichiometrically consumed dehydration [12,13] or deoxygenation reagents [14,15]. However, ...
... viewpoints. Cyclic urethanes are produced from amino alcohols and CO2 even in the absence of catalysts, but, unfortunately, their yields are low [11,16,18]. Desirable high yields can be achieved by employing stoichiometrically consumed dehydration [12,13] or deoxygenation reagents [14,15]. However, ...
Chapter 18: Ethers and Epoxides
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
Catalytic Functionalization of Methyl Group on Silicon: Iridium
... organosilicon compounds have been synthesized from methylchlorosilanes and utilized in organic and inorganic synthesis.2In these applications, the conversion of methylchlorosilanes is based on reactions at their Si−Cl bonds, which are efficiently converted into Si−O, Si−N, and Si−C bonds. In contrast, ...
... organosilicon compounds have been synthesized from methylchlorosilanes and utilized in organic and inorganic synthesis.2In these applications, the conversion of methylchlorosilanes is based on reactions at their Si−Cl bonds, which are efficiently converted into Si−O, Si−N, and Si−C bonds. In contrast, ...
Ethers and Epoxides - faculty at Chemeketa
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
Ethers and Epoxides
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
... organic substituents and adding the word ether If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered an alkoxy substituent R–O–R ~ tetrahedral bond angle (112° in dimethyl ...
Chapter 1 Organoaluminum Reagents for Selective Organic
... Chapter 3. Bulky Aluminum Reagents for Selective Organic Synthesis In chapter 2 we discussed several excellent methods of discriminating various functional groups using bulky aluminum reagents. In this section we focus on the reactions promoted with bulky aluminum reagents which could not be achiev ...
... Chapter 3. Bulky Aluminum Reagents for Selective Organic Synthesis In chapter 2 we discussed several excellent methods of discriminating various functional groups using bulky aluminum reagents. In this section we focus on the reactions promoted with bulky aluminum reagents which could not be achiev ...
Iron(II) Chloride–1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diamine
... To optimize the conditions in terms of the yield, we screened several other metal salts in combination with BINAM (L1) as the ligand in this domino reaction (Table 1). Although copper, cobalt and zinc salts catalyzed the reaction, none of them provided better yields than iron(II) chloride. It was fo ...
... To optimize the conditions in terms of the yield, we screened several other metal salts in combination with BINAM (L1) as the ligand in this domino reaction (Table 1). Although copper, cobalt and zinc salts catalyzed the reaction, none of them provided better yields than iron(II) chloride. It was fo ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.