chemical properties of sugar
... Cardiac glycosides all contain steroids or genin component as aglycone in combination with sugar molecules. These include derivatives of digitalis and strophanthus such as oubain. 2) Other glycosides such as streptomycin are used as antibiotics. Phloridzin is another glycoside which is obtained from ...
... Cardiac glycosides all contain steroids or genin component as aglycone in combination with sugar molecules. These include derivatives of digitalis and strophanthus such as oubain. 2) Other glycosides such as streptomycin are used as antibiotics. Phloridzin is another glycoside which is obtained from ...
chemical properties of sugar
... Cardiac glycosides all contain steroids or genin component as aglycone in combination with sugar molecules. These include derivatives of digitalis and strophanthus such as oubain. 2) Other glycosides such as streptomycin are used as antibiotics. Phloridzin is another glycoside which is obtained from ...
... Cardiac glycosides all contain steroids or genin component as aglycone in combination with sugar molecules. These include derivatives of digitalis and strophanthus such as oubain. 2) Other glycosides such as streptomycin are used as antibiotics. Phloridzin is another glycoside which is obtained from ...
4.6 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Oxidation Reduction
... A. Oxidation and reduction occur together. Whenever an atom loses electrons (is oxidized) another atom must gain those electrons (be reduced). B. Reducing Agent- the substance that causes reduction to occur. loses one or more electrons and undergoes oxidation oxidation # of atom increases metals act ...
... A. Oxidation and reduction occur together. Whenever an atom loses electrons (is oxidized) another atom must gain those electrons (be reduced). B. Reducing Agent- the substance that causes reduction to occur. loses one or more electrons and undergoes oxidation oxidation # of atom increases metals act ...
Organic Chemistry Powerpoint Honors
... Organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom are called saturated compounds. Compounds that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds are called unsaturated compounds. ...
... Organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom are called saturated compounds. Compounds that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds are called unsaturated compounds. ...
Unit 13, Lesson 1
... metals are arranged according to their ability to displace hydrogen from an acid or water. Lithium is the most reactive metal, gold is the least reactive. 1. Hydrogen Displacement All alkali metals and some alkaline earth metals will displace hydrogen from cold water. 2Na(s) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H ...
... metals are arranged according to their ability to displace hydrogen from an acid or water. Lithium is the most reactive metal, gold is the least reactive. 1. Hydrogen Displacement All alkali metals and some alkaline earth metals will displace hydrogen from cold water. 2Na(s) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H ...
C - Deans Community High School
... a hint!!!! This is a primary alcohol because the OH group is attached to a carbon which is bonded to only one other carbon. H ...
... a hint!!!! This is a primary alcohol because the OH group is attached to a carbon which is bonded to only one other carbon. H ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
... Never change a subscript to balance an equation (You can only change coefficients) – If you change the subscript (formula) you are describing a different chemical. – H2O is a different compound than H2O2 Never put a coefficient in the middle of a formula; they must go only in the front ...
... Never change a subscript to balance an equation (You can only change coefficients) – If you change the subscript (formula) you are describing a different chemical. – H2O is a different compound than H2O2 Never put a coefficient in the middle of a formula; they must go only in the front ...
Revisiting the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Low
... similar to those of Q̇ OOH radicals, such as cyclic ether formation, and β-scission reactions, Fig. 1 (R, Q and P represent alkyl radicals or structures CnH2n+1, CnH2n and CnH2n–1, respectively). Inclusion of these “alternative” reaction classes are of particular importance for the mechanisms of bra ...
... similar to those of Q̇ OOH radicals, such as cyclic ether formation, and β-scission reactions, Fig. 1 (R, Q and P represent alkyl radicals or structures CnH2n+1, CnH2n and CnH2n–1, respectively). Inclusion of these “alternative” reaction classes are of particular importance for the mechanisms of bra ...
Characterization of Amide Bond Conformers for a Novel
... of two conformers. Moreover, we could exclude the Z stereoisomer because all NOE results are in agreement with the more stable E stereoisomer [20], as theoretically predicted. Thus, the hydrogen of NH could be synperiplanar (sp) or antiperiplanar (ap) in relation to the carbonyl oxygen atom of the E ...
... of two conformers. Moreover, we could exclude the Z stereoisomer because all NOE results are in agreement with the more stable E stereoisomer [20], as theoretically predicted. Thus, the hydrogen of NH could be synperiplanar (sp) or antiperiplanar (ap) in relation to the carbonyl oxygen atom of the E ...
PDF aldehydes and ketones
... The addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl group involves the conversion of a planar sp2 centre to a tetrahedral sp3 with an increase in the steric bulk of the intermediate. The preferred direction of approach of the nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon is along an axis through C and O atoms and at ...
... The addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl group involves the conversion of a planar sp2 centre to a tetrahedral sp3 with an increase in the steric bulk of the intermediate. The preferred direction of approach of the nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon is along an axis through C and O atoms and at ...
chapter 4 lecture slides
... The net ionic equation tells us: 1. changes in ionic strength (more ions present before the rxn than after) 2. what actually changed during a reaction Example: Cd2+ (aq) + S2-(aq) –> CdS (s) Writing ionic equations, ask: 1. is substance soluble ? 2. is substance a strong electrolyte? **If yes to bo ...
... The net ionic equation tells us: 1. changes in ionic strength (more ions present before the rxn than after) 2. what actually changed during a reaction Example: Cd2+ (aq) + S2-(aq) –> CdS (s) Writing ionic equations, ask: 1. is substance soluble ? 2. is substance a strong electrolyte? **If yes to bo ...
2011-2012 Paper 1
... (3) KI(aq) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ...
... (3) KI(aq) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ...
1 Big-Picture Exam Topics
... In addition to the standard naming schemes covered in lecture & in your book, these are the common names that you need to know for the test next week. You should be able to (i) write the names of these molecules if given structures OR (ii) draw structures of these molecules if given names. ...
... In addition to the standard naming schemes covered in lecture & in your book, these are the common names that you need to know for the test next week. You should be able to (i) write the names of these molecules if given structures OR (ii) draw structures of these molecules if given names. ...
102 Lecture Ch14b
... Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols • Primary alcohols are initially oxidized to aldehydes, but aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids • In order to stop the reaction at the aldehyde a very mild reducing agent must be used • The most common reagent is PCC (pyridinium chlorochroma ...
... Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols • Primary alcohols are initially oxidized to aldehydes, but aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids • In order to stop the reaction at the aldehyde a very mild reducing agent must be used • The most common reagent is PCC (pyridinium chlorochroma ...
Biocatalytic reductions: From lab curiosity to “first choice”
... 1990s for production of L-tert-leucine based on a reductive amination of the corresponding keto acid.1 Since then, the number of industrial bioreduction processes for manufacturing of primary and secondary alcohols and R-amino as well as R-hydroxy acids has grown to more than 10 industrial processes ...
... 1990s for production of L-tert-leucine based on a reductive amination of the corresponding keto acid.1 Since then, the number of industrial bioreduction processes for manufacturing of primary and secondary alcohols and R-amino as well as R-hydroxy acids has grown to more than 10 industrial processes ...
Polymers
... peroxide) which readily breaks up to form radicals whichinitiate a chain reaction. Another famous type of catalyst is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst (named after the scientists who developed it). Such catalysts are based on the compound TiCl4. ...
... peroxide) which readily breaks up to form radicals whichinitiate a chain reaction. Another famous type of catalyst is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst (named after the scientists who developed it). Such catalysts are based on the compound TiCl4. ...
Percent Composition
... mass if 2.5 g of hydrogen completed reacted with oxygen to form 22.5 g of water. NOTE: To determine the mass of oxygen gas that was used in the reaction subtract the mass of hydrogen from the mass of the water. ...
... mass if 2.5 g of hydrogen completed reacted with oxygen to form 22.5 g of water. NOTE: To determine the mass of oxygen gas that was used in the reaction subtract the mass of hydrogen from the mass of the water. ...
Chapter 17: Organic Chemistry
... • In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is attached to another carbon atom and one hydrogen atom ...
... • In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is attached to another carbon atom and one hydrogen atom ...
10th CBSE {SA - 1} Revision Pack Booklet - 3
... (a) For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home your mother uses baking soda instead of baking powder in cake, (i) How will it affect the taste of the cake and why? (ii) How can baking soda be converted into baking powder? (iii) What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda? (b) Nam ...
... (a) For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home your mother uses baking soda instead of baking powder in cake, (i) How will it affect the taste of the cake and why? (ii) How can baking soda be converted into baking powder? (iii) What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda? (b) Nam ...
chemistry 110 lecture
... d) Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen plus the halogens are diatomic and must be written as such. H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2 e) Polyatomic ions (NH4+, SO42-…etc.) which remain unchanged during the reaction, may be balanced as a unit. f) Numbers in the balanced equation should be in the smallest whole numb ...
... d) Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen plus the halogens are diatomic and must be written as such. H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2 e) Polyatomic ions (NH4+, SO42-…etc.) which remain unchanged during the reaction, may be balanced as a unit. f) Numbers in the balanced equation should be in the smallest whole numb ...
Understanding the Role of Aqueous Solution in Chemical Reactions
... studies of two prototype aqueous chemical reactions. These reactions are not only of fundamental interest, but have also a significant importance in technological applications. In our study we employed molecular simulation of an accurate atomistic model, yielding a detailed picture of the structure ...
... studies of two prototype aqueous chemical reactions. These reactions are not only of fundamental interest, but have also a significant importance in technological applications. In our study we employed molecular simulation of an accurate atomistic model, yielding a detailed picture of the structure ...
Redox I
... Fe2+(aq) Fe3+(aq) already balanced Cr2O72- (aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O(l) 14H+ (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O(l) Step 3d. Balance the charge by adding electrons (e-) to the side that is relatively more positive: ...
... Fe2+(aq) Fe3+(aq) already balanced Cr2O72- (aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O(l) 14H+ (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O(l) Step 3d. Balance the charge by adding electrons (e-) to the side that is relatively more positive: ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.