Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.)
... Some steps for doing reactions: 1. Identify the type of reaction 2. Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a ...
... Some steps for doing reactions: 1. Identify the type of reaction 2. Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion
... substituents ortho and para react with nucleophiles • Form addition intermediate (Meisenheimer complex) that is stabilized by electron-withdrawal • Halide ion is lost to give aromatic ring ...
... substituents ortho and para react with nucleophiles • Form addition intermediate (Meisenheimer complex) that is stabilized by electron-withdrawal • Halide ion is lost to give aromatic ring ...
Topic 1 Review - Capital High School
... 21. Which molecule has a non-bonding pair of electrons on the central atom? A. BF3 B. SO2 C. CO2 D. SiF4 22. When C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 are arranged in order of increasing carbon-carbon bond strength (weakest bond first), what is the correct order? 23. Ammonia, NH3, is a weak base. Draw the Lewis stru ...
... 21. Which molecule has a non-bonding pair of electrons on the central atom? A. BF3 B. SO2 C. CO2 D. SiF4 22. When C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 are arranged in order of increasing carbon-carbon bond strength (weakest bond first), what is the correct order? 23. Ammonia, NH3, is a weak base. Draw the Lewis stru ...
intermediate chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... together to form molecular orbitals in which the 6 electrons are shared (1) (students are not expected to know that 6 MOs,including bonding and antibonding orbitals are involved). Thus each C-C bond has a sigma plus a part of pi bond giving it a bond character (order) and a bond length intermediate ...
... together to form molecular orbitals in which the 6 electrons are shared (1) (students are not expected to know that 6 MOs,including bonding and antibonding orbitals are involved). Thus each C-C bond has a sigma plus a part of pi bond giving it a bond character (order) and a bond length intermediate ...
Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
... Second Semester starts here!!! (Wednesday 2/2/11 P1,3,5 & Thursday 2/3/11 P2,4,6) Chapter 8 Types of Chemical Reactions VII. Types of Chemical Reactions - Doing reactions in a lab can be dangerous, time consuming and/or expensive. Recognizing patterns allows scientists to predict the products of man ...
... Second Semester starts here!!! (Wednesday 2/2/11 P1,3,5 & Thursday 2/3/11 P2,4,6) Chapter 8 Types of Chemical Reactions VII. Types of Chemical Reactions - Doing reactions in a lab can be dangerous, time consuming and/or expensive. Recognizing patterns allows scientists to predict the products of man ...
1-16 polymers
... with three hands, not just two. When a chain links with another chain in its middle, this is called cross linking. It has the effect of making the polymer stronger. (See text pg 104/105) Homework: pg 107 # 1-6 As well as Addition polymers, there are Condensation polymers. We have seen condensation r ...
... with three hands, not just two. When a chain links with another chain in its middle, this is called cross linking. It has the effect of making the polymer stronger. (See text pg 104/105) Homework: pg 107 # 1-6 As well as Addition polymers, there are Condensation polymers. We have seen condensation r ...
exo and endo experiments
... The Law of Conservation of Mass The Law of Conservation of Mass was officially established in the year 1789 by the French Chemist, Antoine Lavoisier. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither lost nor gained in chemical reactions, it states that it simply changes form. For that rea ...
... The Law of Conservation of Mass The Law of Conservation of Mass was officially established in the year 1789 by the French Chemist, Antoine Lavoisier. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither lost nor gained in chemical reactions, it states that it simply changes form. For that rea ...
Unit 5 - Organic Chemistry 2 student notes
... conditions are 170oC in the presence of excess c.H2SO4 (or c. phosphoric acid), or by passing the alcohol vapour over a hot, porous ceramic surface. N.B. the acid must be in excess to avoid formation of an ether. Task 3 Can you write a balanced equation for the dehydration of propan-2-ol to ...
... conditions are 170oC in the presence of excess c.H2SO4 (or c. phosphoric acid), or by passing the alcohol vapour over a hot, porous ceramic surface. N.B. the acid must be in excess to avoid formation of an ether. Task 3 Can you write a balanced equation for the dehydration of propan-2-ol to ...
Document
... Copper wire reacts with silver nitrate to form silver metal. What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction? ...
... Copper wire reacts with silver nitrate to form silver metal. What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction? ...
OxorheniumCatalyzed Deoxydehydration of Sugars and Sugar
... challenging polyol substrates. We focused our attention on the alcohol transfer hydrogenation system because of the significant advantage, that the oxidized alcohol (ketone or aldehyde) can be readily hydrogenated if reductant recycling is necessary. In addition, whereas only large secondary alcohol ...
... challenging polyol substrates. We focused our attention on the alcohol transfer hydrogenation system because of the significant advantage, that the oxidized alcohol (ketone or aldehyde) can be readily hydrogenated if reductant recycling is necessary. In addition, whereas only large secondary alcohol ...
Organic Functional Groups: Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters
... • They are good solvents for both polar and non-polar substances. • The oxygen is fairly reactive, and many of these compounds are toxic, carcinogenic. ...
... • They are good solvents for both polar and non-polar substances. • The oxygen is fairly reactive, and many of these compounds are toxic, carcinogenic. ...
www.xtremepapers.net
... of the benzylic radical formed as an intermediate. This could be a good point to revise the mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes (Unit 4). The directing effects of groups do not need to be learnt, but students should know that it is the group already attached to the ring that determines ...
... of the benzylic radical formed as an intermediate. This could be a good point to revise the mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes (Unit 4). The directing effects of groups do not need to be learnt, but students should know that it is the group already attached to the ring that determines ...
Asymmetric catalytic routes to chiral building blocks of
... As outlined above, our DuPHOS-Rh catalysts provide one of the most convenient routes to a large number of novel amino acids. In terms of efficiency, however, our asymmetric hydrogenation process requires that individual enamides must be prepared for each new a-amino acid desired. In the design and o ...
... As outlined above, our DuPHOS-Rh catalysts provide one of the most convenient routes to a large number of novel amino acids. In terms of efficiency, however, our asymmetric hydrogenation process requires that individual enamides must be prepared for each new a-amino acid desired. In the design and o ...
Lecture 5 – Chemical Reactions
... In this reaction the oxygen is taking away 3 electrons from each iron to produce Fe3+ ions. However, even in covalent compounds, where the valence electrons are shared, the sharing is not equal when oxygen is involved. i. It is useful to consider that the oxygen is taking the electrons away from the ...
... In this reaction the oxygen is taking away 3 electrons from each iron to produce Fe3+ ions. However, even in covalent compounds, where the valence electrons are shared, the sharing is not equal when oxygen is involved. i. It is useful to consider that the oxygen is taking the electrons away from the ...
AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER 2016
... 60. A 2.0g sample of SX6 (g) has a volume of 329.5 cm3 at 1.00 atm and 20oC. Identify the element ‘X’. Name the compound. ...
... 60. A 2.0g sample of SX6 (g) has a volume of 329.5 cm3 at 1.00 atm and 20oC. Identify the element ‘X’. Name the compound. ...
www.xtremepapers.net
... of the benzylic radical formed as an intermediate. This could be a good point to revise the mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes (Unit 4). The directing effects of groups do not need to be learnt, but students should know that it is the group already attached to the ring that determines ...
... of the benzylic radical formed as an intermediate. This could be a good point to revise the mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes (Unit 4). The directing effects of groups do not need to be learnt, but students should know that it is the group already attached to the ring that determines ...
organic chemistry reaction scheme
... *Note: Lithium aluminium hydride (or Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III)), LiAlH4, is one of the few reagents that can reduce an acid to an alcohol; the initial product is an alkoxide which the alcohol is liberated by hydrolysis. The –H ion acts as a nucleophile, and can attack the carbon atom of the ...
... *Note: Lithium aluminium hydride (or Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III)), LiAlH4, is one of the few reagents that can reduce an acid to an alcohol; the initial product is an alkoxide which the alcohol is liberated by hydrolysis. The –H ion acts as a nucleophile, and can attack the carbon atom of the ...
Introduction_to_Chemical_Reactions_2011
... thermo-chemists (see handout). • H0f = standard heat of formation for a compound (in kJ/mol). It is determined by forming the compound from its elements in their stable forms at conditions of 298K and 1 atm of pressure inside of a calorimeter. • For most compounds, H0f is negative because bond forma ...
... thermo-chemists (see handout). • H0f = standard heat of formation for a compound (in kJ/mol). It is determined by forming the compound from its elements in their stable forms at conditions of 298K and 1 atm of pressure inside of a calorimeter. • For most compounds, H0f is negative because bond forma ...
Chapter 7 - Chemical Quantities
... All of the equations we’ve seen so far have assumed that 100% of product was formed. In reality, this is rarely the case. Side reactions or the equilibrium can prevent reactions from going to completion. When chemists perform reactions, there are two things they want to know; a) what is the theoreti ...
... All of the equations we’ve seen so far have assumed that 100% of product was formed. In reality, this is rarely the case. Side reactions or the equilibrium can prevent reactions from going to completion. When chemists perform reactions, there are two things they want to know; a) what is the theoreti ...
Alcohols: Structure and Physical Properties
... Alcohols with fewer than four or five carbon atoms are very soluble in water, and those with five to eight carbons are moderately soluble in water. This is due to the ability of the alcohol to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules As the nonpolar, or hydrophobic, portion of an alco ...
... Alcohols with fewer than four or five carbon atoms are very soluble in water, and those with five to eight carbons are moderately soluble in water. This is due to the ability of the alcohol to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules As the nonpolar, or hydrophobic, portion of an alco ...
Powerpoints - Holy Cross Collegiate
... • If a polyatomic ion is remaining intact, it may be easiest to balance it as a group. • Always balance any elements last. • Make sure that the coefficients have the simplest whole number ratio possible. ...
... • If a polyatomic ion is remaining intact, it may be easiest to balance it as a group. • Always balance any elements last. • Make sure that the coefficients have the simplest whole number ratio possible. ...
Unit 13 Organic Chem AE
... 1) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds which may be single, double or triple. This is due to the four unpaired valence electrons that carbon has in its ground state. These four bonds have a TETRAHEDRAL arrangement. 2) Most organic compounds are nonpolar or weakly polar. This means that most are held toget ...
... 1) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds which may be single, double or triple. This is due to the four unpaired valence electrons that carbon has in its ground state. These four bonds have a TETRAHEDRAL arrangement. 2) Most organic compounds are nonpolar or weakly polar. This means that most are held toget ...
element
... elements. Write their symbol on your white board and hold it up when done. (Let’s see who knows the Periodic Table BEST!) ...
... elements. Write their symbol on your white board and hold it up when done. (Let’s see who knows the Periodic Table BEST!) ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.