A GRIGNARD REACTION: SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHYL-2
... - how your results indicate that you met the objectives. This part should include • measured boiling point(s) and yield of the fraction you believe to be the desired product. • annotated IR spectra [one of each collected fraction, and web spectra of authentic 2-methyl-2hexanol, acetone, and any othe ...
... - how your results indicate that you met the objectives. This part should include • measured boiling point(s) and yield of the fraction you believe to be the desired product. • annotated IR spectra [one of each collected fraction, and web spectra of authentic 2-methyl-2hexanol, acetone, and any othe ...
CHEM 242 Organic Chemistry II-Bender
... Course Content: Organic Chemistry I will cover chapters10, 13 – 20, 22, and 23. Special emphasis will be placed on aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, amines, phenols, spectroscopy, structure and reactivity, biomolecules and multi-step synthesis. Laboratory is included and chap ...
... Course Content: Organic Chemistry I will cover chapters10, 13 – 20, 22, and 23. Special emphasis will be placed on aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, amines, phenols, spectroscopy, structure and reactivity, biomolecules and multi-step synthesis. Laboratory is included and chap ...
2010
... A beaker contained 75.0cm of aqueous copper (II) sulphate at 23.7 C. when scrap iron metal was added to the solution, the temperature rose to 29.30C. a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark) b) Given that the mass of copper deposited was 5.83g, calculate the molar enthal ...
... A beaker contained 75.0cm of aqueous copper (II) sulphate at 23.7 C. when scrap iron metal was added to the solution, the temperature rose to 29.30C. a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark) b) Given that the mass of copper deposited was 5.83g, calculate the molar enthal ...
Ethers and Epoxides
... • Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a solvent that is a cyclic ether • Epoxides contain a C-O-C unit which make-up a three membered ring • Thiols (R–S–H) and sulfides (R–S–R) are sulfur (for oxygen) analogs of alcohols and ethers ...
... • Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a solvent that is a cyclic ether • Epoxides contain a C-O-C unit which make-up a three membered ring • Thiols (R–S–H) and sulfides (R–S–R) are sulfur (for oxygen) analogs of alcohols and ethers ...
Test 8 Review
... energy change (ΔG) predicts whether or not a reaction is spontaneous. It is the difference between the energy change (ΔH) and the product of the absolute or Kelvin temperature (T) and the entropy change (ΔS). Reaction rates. The speed of chemical reactions depends on several factors: [1] Nature of r ...
... energy change (ΔG) predicts whether or not a reaction is spontaneous. It is the difference between the energy change (ΔH) and the product of the absolute or Kelvin temperature (T) and the entropy change (ΔS). Reaction rates. The speed of chemical reactions depends on several factors: [1] Nature of r ...
ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE
... simplest classification is that of the hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are further identified as being aliphatic or aromatic (nothing to do with smell). The aliphatics may be alkanes, alkenes or alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings. It is impo ...
... simplest classification is that of the hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are further identified as being aliphatic or aromatic (nothing to do with smell). The aliphatics may be alkanes, alkenes or alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings. It is impo ...
1) A clear glass bottle contains white sand, some nails, salt water
... 8) Which of sugar, dirt and air are pure substances and which are mixtures? Sugar is a pure substance while the dirt and air are mixtures 9) Is it easier to prove that an unknown substance is an element or a compound? Explain. A compound would be easier to prove since it’s easy to demonstrate that y ...
... 8) Which of sugar, dirt and air are pure substances and which are mixtures? Sugar is a pure substance while the dirt and air are mixtures 9) Is it easier to prove that an unknown substance is an element or a compound? Explain. A compound would be easier to prove since it’s easy to demonstrate that y ...
Summary - Clydebank High School
... molecules and also between the atoms of ............................. gases (group 8). .................... der ................... forces are much .................................. than all other types of bonding. 5. Van der Waals forces are caused by small electrostatic attractions between ...... ...
... molecules and also between the atoms of ............................. gases (group 8). .................... der ................... forces are much .................................. than all other types of bonding. 5. Van der Waals forces are caused by small electrostatic attractions between ...... ...
N5 Chemistry 2014
... 8. (b) (continued) (iii) Ethanoic acid is the second member of a family of compounds which contain the carboxyl functional group. The full structural formulae for the first three members of this family are shown. ...
... 8. (b) (continued) (iii) Ethanoic acid is the second member of a family of compounds which contain the carboxyl functional group. The full structural formulae for the first three members of this family are shown. ...
Day 8
... 5. “Bond” these strands with sodium borate cross-linking students 6. Investigate the properties of this cross-linked polymer (vs. the individual strand in 3 above). Specifically note that the movement of the cross-linked polymer strands is hindered (transition form-flowing liquid to flowing solid), ...
... 5. “Bond” these strands with sodium borate cross-linking students 6. Investigate the properties of this cross-linked polymer (vs. the individual strand in 3 above). Specifically note that the movement of the cross-linked polymer strands is hindered (transition form-flowing liquid to flowing solid), ...
Chapter 15
... We can generally not isolate the aldehyde intermediate in aqueous solution. If we look at the mechanism you will see why. The first step is the formation of the chromate ester by attack of the alcohol hydroxyl onto the chromium with subsequent loss of water. This is an acid catalyzed esterification ...
... We can generally not isolate the aldehyde intermediate in aqueous solution. If we look at the mechanism you will see why. The first step is the formation of the chromate ester by attack of the alcohol hydroxyl onto the chromium with subsequent loss of water. This is an acid catalyzed esterification ...
+ :O
... can be hydrolyzed to α-hydroxy acids. Nitriles can also be prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions of 1o alkyl halides with sodium cyanide. Hydrolysis then provides a carboxylic acid of increased chain length . O R ...
... can be hydrolyzed to α-hydroxy acids. Nitriles can also be prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions of 1o alkyl halides with sodium cyanide. Hydrolysis then provides a carboxylic acid of increased chain length . O R ...
AP Ch. 25 Notes
... to more than two other C atoms. • Straight chain hydrocarbons are not linear! • Each C atom is tetrahedral, so the chains are actually bent. • Branched chain hydrocarbons are possible for four or more C atoms, which give rise to “isomers”…same formula, different ...
... to more than two other C atoms. • Straight chain hydrocarbons are not linear! • Each C atom is tetrahedral, so the chains are actually bent. • Branched chain hydrocarbons are possible for four or more C atoms, which give rise to “isomers”…same formula, different ...
Experiment 22
... reaction to shift to the right by increasing the concentration of a reactant. An increase in concentration of a product will force a shift to the left. By a similar argument we find that a decrease in reactant concentration causes a shift to the left; a decrease in product concentration produces a s ...
... reaction to shift to the right by increasing the concentration of a reactant. An increase in concentration of a product will force a shift to the left. By a similar argument we find that a decrease in reactant concentration causes a shift to the left; a decrease in product concentration produces a s ...
No Slide Title
... (b) This is a combination reaction (two reactants form a single product). The oxidation number of Li changes from 0 to +1 while that of N changes from 0 to −3. (c) This is a metal displacement reaction. The Ni metal replaces (reduces) the Pb2+ ion. The oxidation number of Ni increases from 0 to +2 w ...
... (b) This is a combination reaction (two reactants form a single product). The oxidation number of Li changes from 0 to +1 while that of N changes from 0 to −3. (c) This is a metal displacement reaction. The Ni metal replaces (reduces) the Pb2+ ion. The oxidation number of Ni increases from 0 to +2 w ...
Nitric Acid Fact Sheet
... along with carbon dioxide. The sudden release of gases can cause frothing, pressurisation of glassware and rupture. Nitric acid will oxidise virtually all organic solvents. Case History: A researcher was washing glassware coated with small amounts of copper metal with approx 40% nitric acid. The mix ...
... along with carbon dioxide. The sudden release of gases can cause frothing, pressurisation of glassware and rupture. Nitric acid will oxidise virtually all organic solvents. Case History: A researcher was washing glassware coated with small amounts of copper metal with approx 40% nitric acid. The mix ...
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids
... Acetic acid is in vinegar and other foods, used industrially as solvent, catalyst, and reagent for synthesis. Fatty acids from fats and oils. Benzoic acid in drugs, preservatives. Adipic acid used to make nylon 66. Phthalic acid used to make polyesters. ...
... Acetic acid is in vinegar and other foods, used industrially as solvent, catalyst, and reagent for synthesis. Fatty acids from fats and oils. Benzoic acid in drugs, preservatives. Adipic acid used to make nylon 66. Phthalic acid used to make polyesters. ...
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids
... • Acetic acid is in vinegar and other foods, used industrially as solvent, catalyst, and reagent for synthesis. • Fatty acids from fats and oils. • Benzoic acid in drugs, preservatives. • Adipic acid used to make nylon 66. • Phthalic acid used to make polyesters. ...
... • Acetic acid is in vinegar and other foods, used industrially as solvent, catalyst, and reagent for synthesis. • Fatty acids from fats and oils. • Benzoic acid in drugs, preservatives. • Adipic acid used to make nylon 66. • Phthalic acid used to make polyesters. ...
Naming Aldehydes & Ketones
... IUPAC Rules for Naming Ketones 3. If the chain is longer than four carbons, it is numbered so that the carbonyl group has the smallest number possible; this number is prefixed to the parent name of the ketone. 4. Other groups attached to the parent chain are named and numbered as we have done befor ...
... IUPAC Rules for Naming Ketones 3. If the chain is longer than four carbons, it is numbered so that the carbonyl group has the smallest number possible; this number is prefixed to the parent name of the ketone. 4. Other groups attached to the parent chain are named and numbered as we have done befor ...
SOLUBILITY RULES FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER
... EXTRA HOMEWORK 4G 1. A stock solution of nitric acid has a concentration of 12.0 M. (a) To what volume should you dilute 50.0 mL of the stock nitric acid solution to obtain a 1.00 M nitric acid solution? (b) If 350. mL of the 1.00 M nitric acid solution is diluted to 4.500 L, what will be the molar ...
... EXTRA HOMEWORK 4G 1. A stock solution of nitric acid has a concentration of 12.0 M. (a) To what volume should you dilute 50.0 mL of the stock nitric acid solution to obtain a 1.00 M nitric acid solution? (b) If 350. mL of the 1.00 M nitric acid solution is diluted to 4.500 L, what will be the molar ...
Intro to Titrimetry
... thru Electrochemical methods. Ex: 2 MnO4- + 5 C2O42- + 16 H+ 2 Mn2+ + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O Complexometric Titrations – reactions involving chelating/complexing agents. Ex. EDTA titrations and Leibig Method ...
... thru Electrochemical methods. Ex: 2 MnO4- + 5 C2O42- + 16 H+ 2 Mn2+ + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O Complexometric Titrations – reactions involving chelating/complexing agents. Ex. EDTA titrations and Leibig Method ...
Word - chemmybear.com
... Remember that this has nothing to do with IMF’s. The solute particles get in the way and make it harder to freeze, boil, and form vapor. Non-volatile means our solutes do not have a vapor pressure of their own. Adding alcohol to water raises the vapor pressure and lowers the boiling point... opposit ...
... Remember that this has nothing to do with IMF’s. The solute particles get in the way and make it harder to freeze, boil, and form vapor. Non-volatile means our solutes do not have a vapor pressure of their own. Adding alcohol to water raises the vapor pressure and lowers the boiling point... opposit ...
An Efficient Oxidation of Benzoins to Benzils by Manganese (II
... Oxidation of benzoin was carried out using Mn(II) Schiff base complexes as a catalyst in a 50 mL �ask. In a typical reaction, 1 mmol of benzoin was dissolved in 10 mL acetonitrile in the presence of KOH. Oxidation of reaction mixture was done with H2 O2 with catalytic amount manganese(II) Schiff base. ...
... Oxidation of benzoin was carried out using Mn(II) Schiff base complexes as a catalyst in a 50 mL �ask. In a typical reaction, 1 mmol of benzoin was dissolved in 10 mL acetonitrile in the presence of KOH. Oxidation of reaction mixture was done with H2 O2 with catalytic amount manganese(II) Schiff base. ...
1. You should review balancing equations and identifying types of
... 1. You should review balancing equations and identifying types of reactions from the worksheets. In addition you should be able to write balanced chemical equations for reactions. Try to write, balance, and identify the types of the following reactions: a. the decomposition of ammonium nitrate to ni ...
... 1. You should review balancing equations and identifying types of reactions from the worksheets. In addition you should be able to write balanced chemical equations for reactions. Try to write, balance, and identify the types of the following reactions: a. the decomposition of ammonium nitrate to ni ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.