• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH
SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH

... (a) The formation of halogenoalkanes (b) The formation of an alkoxide with sodium (c) Oxidation to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids (d) Dehydration to alkenes and ether (e) Esterification (f) Acylation 4. explain the difference in reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols as exem ...
Low-temperature lifetimes of metastable high
Low-temperature lifetimes of metastable high

... to a Boltzmann distribution between the two vibronic manifolds. In neat spin-crossover compounds, transition curves tend to be more abrupt and may occur as first order phase transitions with a hysteresis. Such a cooperative behaviour is due to elastic interactions between the spin-crossover complexe ...
Dinuclear Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes in Combination
Dinuclear Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes in Combination

... During our work, we became aware that only singular examples of homodinuclear Ni II -, PdII -, CoII and CrIII -complexes [15, 18, 22, 24, 69] were investigated. Thus, we present here the first polymerization results of a series of homodinuclear nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes 1 to 10 with Sch ...
Metal-thiolate bonds in bioinorganic chemistry
Metal-thiolate bonds in bioinorganic chemistry

... from the XAS edges are discussed in detail in ref. 10.] The intensity of the blue copper sulfur K-pre-edge transition quantitates to 38 6 3% Sthiolate character in the ground-state wave function.5,10 The  nature of the ground state in Figure 3A is quite unusual, as CuII normally utilizes its 1/2 oc ...
chem 102 class notes - Louisiana Tech University
chem 102 class notes - Louisiana Tech University

... At 25o K = small, no or very little product is formed. However, at 500oC , ...
Marshall Gibson Dalton Manuscript B706663E revised
Marshall Gibson Dalton Manuscript B706663E revised

... mechanism by which SnOct2 functions remain ambiguous, in the presence of alcohol the propagating species is commonly believed to be a tin(II) alkoxide.6-10 In order to synthesise single-site, well-defined analogues of SnOct2 we have therefore previously reported the -diketiminate tin(II) alkoxide c ...
102MSJc14 - Louisiana Tech University
102MSJc14 - Louisiana Tech University

... At 25o K = small, no or very little product is formed. However, at 500oC , K = 6.0 x 10-2 L2/mol2 some ammonia is formed NH3 is removed continuously from the mixture using a "cold trap" to obtain liquid ammonia. Removing ammonia shift the equilibrium to right (As discussed under Le Chatelier's Princ ...
PDF w - American Chemical Society
PDF w - American Chemical Society

Chemistry 134 Problem Set Introduction
Chemistry 134 Problem Set Introduction

Dinesh-ohiostate06
Dinesh-ohiostate06

... IR spectroscopy of M+(Acetone) (M=Mg+, Al+, Ca+) in the C=O stretch region reveals structures of these complexes. The C=O stretch shifts to lower frequencies due to M+ binding and can be explained electron density withdrawing mechanism of the bonding. The greatest shift is for the Al+ complex as the ...
Transition Metal Reagents and Catalysts
Transition Metal Reagents and Catalysts

Hydrogen bonding in thiobenzamide synthon and its Cadmium
Hydrogen bonding in thiobenzamide synthon and its Cadmium

Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 2006
Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 2006

... with ␯NN for free dinitrogen in the Raman spectrum at 2,331 cm⫺1. The reduction of ␯NN by only 76 cm⫺1 in {MoN2}⫹ from the value for free dinitrogen suggests that N2 is very weakly bound to the metal. Note the 400-cm⫺1 difference between ␯NN in {MoN2}⫺ and {MoN2}⫹. We could find no other example in ...
Reductive Couplings
Reductive Couplings

REACTIONS OF HEXAAQUA METAL IONS WITH HYDROXIDE IONS
REACTIONS OF HEXAAQUA METAL IONS WITH HYDROXIDE IONS

CHEMICAL AND PROCESS DESIGN HANDBOOK
CHEMICAL AND PROCESS DESIGN HANDBOOK

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF OPEN LEARNING SCH
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF OPEN LEARNING SCH

... oxidised while ketones are oxidised with difficulty. Aldehydes are more reactive towards nucleophilic addition. Physical Properties Aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than non-polar compounds of similar molecular weight. This is because they are polar and undergo intermolecular dipoled ...
Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions

... Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more heat energy would escape, and Earth’s average temperature would be about 60 °F colder than it is now. The temperature outside of my office today would be below 0 °F (-17.8 °C), and even the sunniest U.S. cities would most likely be covered with snow. ...
phenols - Gneet`s
phenols - Gneet`s

... Sodium salt of aryl sulphonic acids on fusion with sodium hydroxide at 300-350oC yield phenol ...
Click
Click

... Optically active complexes are said to exist in the following forms: a) Which rotates plane of polarized light towards right side (clockwise direction) is said to be dextro-rotetory or dform. It is also represented by (+) sign. b) Which rotates plane of polarized light towards left side (anticlockw ...
Tro Chemistry a Molecular Approach, 3E
Tro Chemistry a Molecular Approach, 3E

reactions of some transition metal ions cobalt
reactions of some transition metal ions cobalt

... • Used in Tollen’s reagent (SILVER MIRROR TEST) Tollen’s reagent is used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes produce a silver mirror on the inside of the test tube. • Formed when silver halides dissolve in ammonia - TEST FOR HALIDES ...
Activation of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds via 1,2-Addition across M
Activation of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds via 1,2-Addition across M

... oxidants,21 with preliminary mechanistic studies suggesting that the inserted oxygen atom is not derived from a RedO ligand. Recently, our groups have become interested in extending 1,2-addition of C-H bonds across M-X bonds to late transition metals in relatively low oxidation states. While high va ...
Ans:- (i) Gluconic acid - Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Kribhco, Surat
Ans:- (i) Gluconic acid - Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Kribhco, Surat

... Ans: Negative type of deviation is present. In the negative deviation the solute-solution (A-A) interaction and solvent-solvent (B-B) interaction will be weaker than solute-solvent(A-B ) interaction. Since the new forces are stronger therefore heat is evolved and solution becomes warm. Q13. Which ty ...
- Kendriya Vidyalaya Jamuna Colliery
- Kendriya Vidyalaya Jamuna Colliery

... Solution is the homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the components are uniformly distributed into each other. The substances which make the solution are called components. Most of the solutions are binary i.e., consists of two components out of which one is solute and other is sol ...
< 1 ... 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ... 359 >

Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report