PP - Columbia University
... All the polypeptides are denatured and behave as random coils All the polypeptides have the same charge per unit length All are subject to the same electromotive force in the electric field Separation based on the sieving effect of the polyacrylamide gel Separation is by molecular weight only SDS do ...
... All the polypeptides are denatured and behave as random coils All the polypeptides have the same charge per unit length All are subject to the same electromotive force in the electric field Separation based on the sieving effect of the polyacrylamide gel Separation is by molecular weight only SDS do ...
Chapter 12- Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds, Redox Reactions
... reactions of Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are those in which these reagents act as nucleophiles and attack an unsaturated carbon, especially the carbon of a carbonyl • We have seen that the carbon of a carbonyl group is electrophilic and very susceptible to nucleophilic ...
... reactions of Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are those in which these reagents act as nucleophiles and attack an unsaturated carbon, especially the carbon of a carbonyl • We have seen that the carbon of a carbonyl group is electrophilic and very susceptible to nucleophilic ...
kinetic characterisation of catalysts for methanol synthesis
... compared with two catalysts promoted by addition of magnesium and one promoted by zirconium. Two catalysts promoted by magnesium were different in chemical composition. The preparation of the Cu/ZnO catalysts was a three-step process: • synthesis of a hydroxycarbonate precursor by coprecipitation me ...
... compared with two catalysts promoted by addition of magnesium and one promoted by zirconium. Two catalysts promoted by magnesium were different in chemical composition. The preparation of the Cu/ZnO catalysts was a three-step process: • synthesis of a hydroxycarbonate precursor by coprecipitation me ...
Critical Thinking Worksheet 9
... Model 3: The electronic configuration of transition metal cations The sum of the charges of the metal cation and its ligands adds up to give the charge of the complex ion. If the complex ion is charged, this is balanced by counter ions. The number of valence electrons on an atom is equal to its grou ...
... Model 3: The electronic configuration of transition metal cations The sum of the charges of the metal cation and its ligands adds up to give the charge of the complex ion. If the complex ion is charged, this is balanced by counter ions. The number of valence electrons on an atom is equal to its grou ...
Process for the manufacture of maleic acid anhydride copolymers
... perature (80° C.) in boiling benzene (K value 69). Like 60 5 parts benzoyl peroxide paste are dissolved together at 40° C. and allowed to ?ow over a’ period of 10 min wise, the copolymer made in boiling sec. butanol at 100° utes under stirring into boiling secondary-butanol. Maleic C. from 1 mol of ...
... perature (80° C.) in boiling benzene (K value 69). Like 60 5 parts benzoyl peroxide paste are dissolved together at 40° C. and allowed to ?ow over a’ period of 10 min wise, the copolymer made in boiling sec. butanol at 100° utes under stirring into boiling secondary-butanol. Maleic C. from 1 mol of ...
Solvent free permanganate oxidations
... oxidants such as ruthenium tetroxide18 or chromium(VI),18 the experimental simplicity of this procedure may make it the approach of choice. When the a-carbons are tertiary, the product is a dione, formed presumably by dehydration of the corresponding diol as in Scheme 6. Addition of alumina to the s ...
... oxidants such as ruthenium tetroxide18 or chromium(VI),18 the experimental simplicity of this procedure may make it the approach of choice. When the a-carbons are tertiary, the product is a dione, formed presumably by dehydration of the corresponding diol as in Scheme 6. Addition of alumina to the s ...
Alcohols - ChemistryHSC
... Alcohols Functional group: -OH. Hydroxyl group covalently bonded to an alkyl chain or benzene ring (called phenols) Many naturally occurring in nature: glucose C6H12O6, glycerol C3H8O3 Most common alcohol is ethanol, which has been produced for thousands of years – Egyptian workers given beer ration ...
... Alcohols Functional group: -OH. Hydroxyl group covalently bonded to an alkyl chain or benzene ring (called phenols) Many naturally occurring in nature: glucose C6H12O6, glycerol C3H8O3 Most common alcohol is ethanol, which has been produced for thousands of years – Egyptian workers given beer ration ...
Discussion Sheet 11
... Alcohols can be made from many functional groups Alcohols can be made into many functional groups Problem 1. Fill in the reagents for these reactions ...
... Alcohols can be made from many functional groups Alcohols can be made into many functional groups Problem 1. Fill in the reagents for these reactions ...
Investigating Organic Functional Groups Spring 2010
... 1. Testing for alkenes: Set up two test tubes in the test tube rack. In tube one, put in 4 drops of hexane. In tube two, put in 4 drops of pentene. Add 2 mL of ethanol to each tube. Add two drops of the permanganate solution, stopper, and shake (be careful you know which tube is which!) Record the r ...
... 1. Testing for alkenes: Set up two test tubes in the test tube rack. In tube one, put in 4 drops of hexane. In tube two, put in 4 drops of pentene. Add 2 mL of ethanol to each tube. Add two drops of the permanganate solution, stopper, and shake (be careful you know which tube is which!) Record the r ...
GC97F Pretest A - American Chemical Society
... (C) A catalyst provides additional energy to a reactant so it can achieve the necessary activation energy. (D) A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. Questions 31 and 32 should be answered with reference to the equation 2 C(s) + O2(g) 2 CO(g) ∆H < 0 31. W ...
... (C) A catalyst provides additional energy to a reactant so it can achieve the necessary activation energy. (D) A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. Questions 31 and 32 should be answered with reference to the equation 2 C(s) + O2(g) 2 CO(g) ∆H < 0 31. W ...
File
... Hardening is an addition reaction (hydrogenation) where the unsaturated carbon double bonds are converted to saturated single carbon bonds. Margarines are made by partial hydrogenation of oils using a nickel catalyst. The amount of hydrogenation can produce margarines with different properties. ...
... Hardening is an addition reaction (hydrogenation) where the unsaturated carbon double bonds are converted to saturated single carbon bonds. Margarines are made by partial hydrogenation of oils using a nickel catalyst. The amount of hydrogenation can produce margarines with different properties. ...
CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 2: Nature‟s Chemistry Esters, Fats and
... D liquid at room temperature and contain a high proportion of saturated molecules. ...
... D liquid at room temperature and contain a high proportion of saturated molecules. ...
Alcohols: Structure and Physical Properties
... moderately soluble in water. This is due to the ability of the alcohol to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules As the nonpolar, or hydrophobic, portion of an alcohol (the carbon chain) becomes larger relative to the polar, hydrophilic, region (the hydroxyl group), the water solubi ...
... moderately soluble in water. This is due to the ability of the alcohol to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules As the nonpolar, or hydrophobic, portion of an alcohol (the carbon chain) becomes larger relative to the polar, hydrophilic, region (the hydroxyl group), the water solubi ...
Compounds of Carbon
... Compounds of Carbon Carbon is an important element as it forms 90% of all chemical compounds and forms the basis of living systems. The chemistry involving carbon was known as organic chemistry, as this term indicated carbons’ importance in living organisms. Carbon is most commonly found in compound ...
... Compounds of Carbon Carbon is an important element as it forms 90% of all chemical compounds and forms the basis of living systems. The chemistry involving carbon was known as organic chemistry, as this term indicated carbons’ importance in living organisms. Carbon is most commonly found in compound ...
Synthesis Gas to Gasoline Production
... ZSM-5 catalyst produces the right kind of shape and size selectivity properties suitable for gasoline synthesis. ...
... ZSM-5 catalyst produces the right kind of shape and size selectivity properties suitable for gasoline synthesis. ...
- Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)
... immiscibility of ionic liquids with a number of organic solvents provides a solution for biphasic separation of the desired products. Therefore, here high conversions have been achieved with a convenience of separation of the ester product from the reaction mixture. This makes the workup much easier ...
... immiscibility of ionic liquids with a number of organic solvents provides a solution for biphasic separation of the desired products. Therefore, here high conversions have been achieved with a convenience of separation of the ester product from the reaction mixture. This makes the workup much easier ...
Biology, 7e (Campbell)
... 1) Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of A) functional groups. B) vital forces interacting with matter. C) carbon compounds. D) water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. E) inorganic compounds. 2) Early 19th-century scientists believed that living organisms differed fro ...
... 1) Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of A) functional groups. B) vital forces interacting with matter. C) carbon compounds. D) water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. E) inorganic compounds. 2) Early 19th-century scientists believed that living organisms differed fro ...
AP Chem Chapter 16 Review Packet
... harvesting the hydrogen for fuel. The free energy of this reaction is so positive that there is no hope of causing the reaction to occur without coupling it to another process. For example, it has been proposed that the reaction can be promoted by first reacting silver with water to produce hydrogen ...
... harvesting the hydrogen for fuel. The free energy of this reaction is so positive that there is no hope of causing the reaction to occur without coupling it to another process. For example, it has been proposed that the reaction can be promoted by first reacting silver with water to produce hydrogen ...
Answers to PS03
... Assume that the eg* orbitals are at more or less the same energy. The t2g orbitals change as a function of the ligand bonding capabilities. Starting with the middle complex: ammonia is a sigma donor ligand ONLY – it has no pi bonding capabilities at all. NH3 is somewhere in the middle of the spectro ...
... Assume that the eg* orbitals are at more or less the same energy. The t2g orbitals change as a function of the ligand bonding capabilities. Starting with the middle complex: ammonia is a sigma donor ligand ONLY – it has no pi bonding capabilities at all. NH3 is somewhere in the middle of the spectro ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 3 Carbon Chemistry
... Intro Molecular and Cell Biology Cell Chemistry II Lecture 3 "Carbon Chemistry" Reading: Campbell Chap. 4 In the previous lecture we reviewed some chemistry important for understanding what goes on in cells. We learned about some of the elements that comprise life and how chemical bonds are formed b ...
... Intro Molecular and Cell Biology Cell Chemistry II Lecture 3 "Carbon Chemistry" Reading: Campbell Chap. 4 In the previous lecture we reviewed some chemistry important for understanding what goes on in cells. We learned about some of the elements that comprise life and how chemical bonds are formed b ...
EXPERIMENT 6: Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds: Qualitative
... Semicarbazones frequently used to regenerate the parent carbonyl compound by steam distillation in the presence of dilute acid. The most commonly used for identification are the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones since simple carbonyl compounds give very colourful, highly crystalline solids. These solid de ...
... Semicarbazones frequently used to regenerate the parent carbonyl compound by steam distillation in the presence of dilute acid. The most commonly used for identification are the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones since simple carbonyl compounds give very colourful, highly crystalline solids. These solid de ...
CHEM%1212K% Final%Exam% Summer%2011% K
... 17.%%Identify%the%most%likely%analyte%and%titrant%(listed%in%that%order)%based%on%the% ...
... 17.%%Identify%the%most%likely%analyte%and%titrant%(listed%in%that%order)%based%on%the% ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.