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chemical properties of sugar
... A reducing sugar is a carbohydrate that is oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent (an oxidizing agent capable of ...
... A reducing sugar is a carbohydrate that is oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent (an oxidizing agent capable of ...
Sample Paper – 2012 Class – X Subject
... (iv) The electrode at which anions donate excess electrons and are oxidized to neutral atoms is the _____ [anode/cathode] (v) Salts ionize in aq.soln. on passage of electric current to give ______ [negative / positive] ions other than H+ ions. (d) Define the following :(i) Molecular weight, (ii) Mol ...
... (iv) The electrode at which anions donate excess electrons and are oxidized to neutral atoms is the _____ [anode/cathode] (v) Salts ionize in aq.soln. on passage of electric current to give ______ [negative / positive] ions other than H+ ions. (d) Define the following :(i) Molecular weight, (ii) Mol ...
3.2 Synthesis Part 1 Notes - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... Revised Advanced Higher Web Reaction Pathways ...
... Revised Advanced Higher Web Reaction Pathways ...
No Slide Title
... Some salts, when treated with an acid, produce a gas. Typically sulfides, sulfites, and carbonates behave in this way producing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur trioxide, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The photo to the right shows baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) reacting with acetic acid in vineg ...
... Some salts, when treated with an acid, produce a gas. Typically sulfides, sulfites, and carbonates behave in this way producing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur trioxide, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The photo to the right shows baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) reacting with acetic acid in vineg ...
Honors Unit 10: Organic Class Packet
... form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system. (3.1ff) Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carboncarbon bond. (3. ...
... form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system. (3.1ff) Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carboncarbon bond. (3. ...
Haloalkanes
... The nucleophile OH- approaches the carbon atom attached to Br on the opposite side of the molecule in order to minimize repulsion between RX and OH-. A bond begins to form between O and C whereas the C—Br bond weakens, and a transition state is reached in which C is partially bonded to both O and Br ...
... The nucleophile OH- approaches the carbon atom attached to Br on the opposite side of the molecule in order to minimize repulsion between RX and OH-. A bond begins to form between O and C whereas the C—Br bond weakens, and a transition state is reached in which C is partially bonded to both O and Br ...
Chapter 11 Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides
... with an amine and removing -OH from the acid and an -H from the amine. • In practice what occurs if the two are mixed is an acid-base reaction to form an ammonium salt. • If this salt is heated to a high enough temperature, water is eliminated and an amide forms. ...
... with an amine and removing -OH from the acid and an -H from the amine. • In practice what occurs if the two are mixed is an acid-base reaction to form an ammonium salt. • If this salt is heated to a high enough temperature, water is eliminated and an amide forms. ...
Chromatography Spectroscopy HW
... In the final stage of this process, the salicylate ion is acidified to give salicylic acid. Assuming an overall yield by mass of 45% for this three stage process, calculate the mass of phenol that is needed to produce the annual UK output of 3500 tonnes of salicylic acid. Mr of phenol = 94.0; 1 tonn ...
... In the final stage of this process, the salicylate ion is acidified to give salicylic acid. Assuming an overall yield by mass of 45% for this three stage process, calculate the mass of phenol that is needed to produce the annual UK output of 3500 tonnes of salicylic acid. Mr of phenol = 94.0; 1 tonn ...
Functional Groups - Waterford Public Schools
... • The carbon of the -CN group is counted as part of the longest carbon chain • The -CN group always occupies the terminal position so no need to specify its position ...
... • The carbon of the -CN group is counted as part of the longest carbon chain • The -CN group always occupies the terminal position so no need to specify its position ...
Catalytic asymmetric carbonyl addition reactions catalysed by group
... Unité de production : 2, Rue de la Houssinière 44322 NANTES Cedex 3 Siège social : 1, Rue Gaston VEIL 44035 NANTES Cedex 1 Tel: +33 (0)2 51 12 57 75 - Fax: +33 (0)2 51 12 57 70 - www.atlanchimpharma.com ...
... Unité de production : 2, Rue de la Houssinière 44322 NANTES Cedex 3 Siège social : 1, Rue Gaston VEIL 44035 NANTES Cedex 1 Tel: +33 (0)2 51 12 57 75 - Fax: +33 (0)2 51 12 57 70 - www.atlanchimpharma.com ...
Practice Writing AP Questions
... 2. Potassium permanganate solution is added to an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. a. This reaction produces a gas. Describe an experimental test that you would use to test for and identify this gas, explaining the expected results. 3. Propanol is burned completely in air. a. This reaction prod ...
... 2. Potassium permanganate solution is added to an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. a. This reaction produces a gas. Describe an experimental test that you would use to test for and identify this gas, explaining the expected results. 3. Propanol is burned completely in air. a. This reaction prod ...
09_chapter 4
... evident from the work presented in the preceding chapter. Catalysts with oxy anion of iron, crystallized into different crystal structure like spinels viz; AFe2O4 (A= Cu2+, Co3+ and Ni2+) were investigated to explore their suitability under harsh reaction conditions. Fe-based spinel oxides offer goo ...
... evident from the work presented in the preceding chapter. Catalysts with oxy anion of iron, crystallized into different crystal structure like spinels viz; AFe2O4 (A= Cu2+, Co3+ and Ni2+) were investigated to explore their suitability under harsh reaction conditions. Fe-based spinel oxides offer goo ...
Microsoft Word - Open Access Repository of Indian Theses
... essential for high-affinity binding to the human NK1 (hNK1) receptor. Due to its potent biological activity, compound 42 is a good synthetic target for an organic chemist. Considering the pharmacological importance, various methods have been developed to access compound 42. These include introductio ...
... essential for high-affinity binding to the human NK1 (hNK1) receptor. Due to its potent biological activity, compound 42 is a good synthetic target for an organic chemist. Considering the pharmacological importance, various methods have been developed to access compound 42. These include introductio ...
10.4 Alcohols 10.4 Alcohols
... •The physical properties of alcohols are similar to those of both water and hydrocarbons •The shorter chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are similar to water, in general they •have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons but lower than water •dissolve in water to some degree •are more polar ...
... •The physical properties of alcohols are similar to those of both water and hydrocarbons •The shorter chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are similar to water, in general they •have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons but lower than water •dissolve in water to some degree •are more polar ...
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL
... (c) The organic waste, the residue of the barley and yeast, is disposed of through a pipeline into the sea. In the future this waste will be converted into biogas by the anaerobic respiration of bacteria. Biogas, which is mainly methane, will supply most of the island’s energy. (i) Anaerobic means i ...
... (c) The organic waste, the residue of the barley and yeast, is disposed of through a pipeline into the sea. In the future this waste will be converted into biogas by the anaerobic respiration of bacteria. Biogas, which is mainly methane, will supply most of the island’s energy. (i) Anaerobic means i ...
Chapter 18 Reactions of aromatics
... carbocations are too hard to form) • Will not work with rings containing an amino group substituent or a strongly electron-withdrawing group ...
... carbocations are too hard to form) • Will not work with rings containing an amino group substituent or a strongly electron-withdrawing group ...
Group 2-catalysis for the Atom-Efficient Synthesis of Imidazolidine
... cyclisation step proved highly dependent on the substitution pattern of the acetylenic aryl moiety. Ortho-substitution, with substrates such as o-tolylacetylene and 1-naphthylacetylene, resulted in significantly reduced cyclisation rates compared to the parent phenylacetylene (Table 3, entries 2–3) ...
... cyclisation step proved highly dependent on the substitution pattern of the acetylenic aryl moiety. Ortho-substitution, with substrates such as o-tolylacetylene and 1-naphthylacetylene, resulted in significantly reduced cyclisation rates compared to the parent phenylacetylene (Table 3, entries 2–3) ...
or H - No Brain Too Small
... o the removal of water (H and OH on adjacent C atoms) to form a C=C bond o heat with conc. H2SO4 or pass over Al2O3 catalyst o since it involves removal it is also an elimination reaction elimination – @ level 2 this is limited to removal of water: o H & OH / water / removed from neighbouring C atom ...
... o the removal of water (H and OH on adjacent C atoms) to form a C=C bond o heat with conc. H2SO4 or pass over Al2O3 catalyst o since it involves removal it is also an elimination reaction elimination – @ level 2 this is limited to removal of water: o H & OH / water / removed from neighbouring C atom ...
Investigation of atomic level patterns in protein
... PISCES server, are characterized by the following: 1) the chains share sequence identity of below 25%; 2) the resolution of the protein-ligand complex structure is below 2.0Å; and 3) the R factor is below 0.25. These criteria, which resulted in selection of 2320 chains, assure that the selected prot ...
... PISCES server, are characterized by the following: 1) the chains share sequence identity of below 25%; 2) the resolution of the protein-ligand complex structure is below 2.0Å; and 3) the R factor is below 0.25. These criteria, which resulted in selection of 2320 chains, assure that the selected prot ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.