Samantha Landolfa Amy Ryan Section 10 Experiment 9 – Alkenes
... In this experiment, 2-methyl-2-butanol is dehydrated to produce a mixture of two isomers that can be analyzed by gas chromatography. The dehydration of the alcohol is accomplished via an E1 elimination reaction. The rates of reactivity are tertiary > secondary > primary. An E1 reaction is favored wh ...
... In this experiment, 2-methyl-2-butanol is dehydrated to produce a mixture of two isomers that can be analyzed by gas chromatography. The dehydration of the alcohol is accomplished via an E1 elimination reaction. The rates of reactivity are tertiary > secondary > primary. An E1 reaction is favored wh ...
Topics • Introduction • Molecular Structure and Bonding • Molecular
... cis complexes tends to retain cis trans complexes can isomerize depending on the spectator ligand, depends on geometry of the activated complex – Trigonal bipyramidal results in isomerization depending on where Y enters – Square planar leads to retention of stereochemistry ...
... cis complexes tends to retain cis trans complexes can isomerize depending on the spectator ligand, depends on geometry of the activated complex – Trigonal bipyramidal results in isomerization depending on where Y enters – Square planar leads to retention of stereochemistry ...
This is the first exam with targeted syntheses that you
... Most of the reactions of aldehydes and ketones in these chapters are nucleophilic addition reactions. The oxygen in C=O polarizes the bond. Therefore, while electrophilic addition (electrophile first, followed by nucleophile) was favored for the comparatively non-polar, electron-rich alkene, carbony ...
... Most of the reactions of aldehydes and ketones in these chapters are nucleophilic addition reactions. The oxygen in C=O polarizes the bond. Therefore, while electrophilic addition (electrophile first, followed by nucleophile) was favored for the comparatively non-polar, electron-rich alkene, carbony ...
organic chemistry i
... Meso Structures Specification of configuration: more than one chiral center Conformational isomers ...
... Meso Structures Specification of configuration: more than one chiral center Conformational isomers ...
Review sheet - Paws.wcu.edu.
... Bases - base strength increased by: addition of a negative charge RO- stronger than ROH moving left on the periodic table NH2- stronger than OHmoving up the periodic table NH3 stronger than PH3 Leaving Group - good leaving groups are –OTos, –I, –Br, –Cl, and any neutral fragment (H2O) poor leaving g ...
... Bases - base strength increased by: addition of a negative charge RO- stronger than ROH moving left on the periodic table NH2- stronger than OHmoving up the periodic table NH3 stronger than PH3 Leaving Group - good leaving groups are –OTos, –I, –Br, –Cl, and any neutral fragment (H2O) poor leaving g ...
Week 10 Problem Set (Answers) (4/17, 4/18, 4/19) Reactions and
... intermediate product given that the starting materials are both sources of even-numbered carbons. Additionally, we do not know how to back a carbon-carbon bond between an alkene and a primary carbon, and the alkene can’t have been formed via a reduction of an alkyne since it is disubstituted at one ...
... intermediate product given that the starting materials are both sources of even-numbered carbons. Additionally, we do not know how to back a carbon-carbon bond between an alkene and a primary carbon, and the alkene can’t have been formed via a reduction of an alkyne since it is disubstituted at one ...
Handout-9
... oxidative addition, these ligands have double or triple bonds and only one of the π-bonds is broken leaving the σ-bond intact. The ligand does pick up two electrons from the metal and becomes a dianionic ligand. One usually needs a metal center with an empty orbital (16e- or lower count) in order to ...
... oxidative addition, these ligands have double or triple bonds and only one of the π-bonds is broken leaving the σ-bond intact. The ligand does pick up two electrons from the metal and becomes a dianionic ligand. One usually needs a metal center with an empty orbital (16e- or lower count) in order to ...
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
... dissolved in acetone. If the reaction occurs, sodium bromide or sodium chloride will form and precipitate in acetone. The general reaction is: R-X + NaI ...
... dissolved in acetone. If the reaction occurs, sodium bromide or sodium chloride will form and precipitate in acetone. The general reaction is: R-X + NaI ...
haloalkanes - Knockhardy
... alternative method involves the initial breaking of the C-X bond to form a carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more stable tert ...
... alternative method involves the initial breaking of the C-X bond to form a carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more stable tert ...
Nucleophilic Substitution
... Let's look at how the various components of the reaction influence the reaction pathway: RReactivity order : CH3- > CH3CH2- > (CH3)2CH- > (CH3)3CIn an SN2 reaction, the transition state has 5 groups around the central C atom. As a consequence of the steric requirements at this center, less highly su ...
... Let's look at how the various components of the reaction influence the reaction pathway: RReactivity order : CH3- > CH3CH2- > (CH3)2CH- > (CH3)3CIn an SN2 reaction, the transition state has 5 groups around the central C atom. As a consequence of the steric requirements at this center, less highly su ...
CHEM 2412
... List of topics that should be covered in this course: (Mechanism should be covered for each reaction listed below unless noted.) Reactions of Alkenes Addition Reactions with symmetrical addition reagents (H2, Br2, Cl2); Addition Reactions with asymmetrical addition reagents (H2O, HBr, HCl, Hg(OAc)2 ...
... List of topics that should be covered in this course: (Mechanism should be covered for each reaction listed below unless noted.) Reactions of Alkenes Addition Reactions with symmetrical addition reagents (H2, Br2, Cl2); Addition Reactions with asymmetrical addition reagents (H2O, HBr, HCl, Hg(OAc)2 ...
final1-final_report
... Group 13 and 14 atoms at the bridgehead. This change from a non-metallic to a more metallic atom in particular opens up the possibility of redox activity and variable oxidation states at the bridgehead. In this program, we have developed a synthetic methodology to prepare new tris(2-pyridyl) alumina ...
... Group 13 and 14 atoms at the bridgehead. This change from a non-metallic to a more metallic atom in particular opens up the possibility of redox activity and variable oxidation states at the bridgehead. In this program, we have developed a synthetic methodology to prepare new tris(2-pyridyl) alumina ...
Free Radical Chemistry and the Preparation of Alkyl
... Polar substitution reactions using alkyl halides (RX) - Ch. 10, Part 2 Remember that C – X bonds are polar: key to polar reactions of alkyl halides Transforming alcohols to alkyl halides by polar substitution (10.6) Alkyl halides and alcohols have in common a polar bond between C and functional gro ...
... Polar substitution reactions using alkyl halides (RX) - Ch. 10, Part 2 Remember that C – X bonds are polar: key to polar reactions of alkyl halides Transforming alcohols to alkyl halides by polar substitution (10.6) Alkyl halides and alcohols have in common a polar bond between C and functional gro ...
Organic Chemistry
... rarely used because they undergo b-elimination to give alkenes. • OH groups and the C=O groups of aldehydes, ketones, and esters are unreactive under Heck conditions. ...
... rarely used because they undergo b-elimination to give alkenes. • OH groups and the C=O groups of aldehydes, ketones, and esters are unreactive under Heck conditions. ...
1 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions (Conjugate Addition) If we look
... When carbonyl addition or conjugate addition will occur? In other words, when will a nucleophile add to the carbonyl, or the double bond of a conjugated carbonyl compound? We have seen that “hard” nucleophiles, such as present in RMgBr and RLi reagents, add to the carbonyl. A way to force only conju ...
... When carbonyl addition or conjugate addition will occur? In other words, when will a nucleophile add to the carbonyl, or the double bond of a conjugated carbonyl compound? We have seen that “hard” nucleophiles, such as present in RMgBr and RLi reagents, add to the carbonyl. A way to force only conju ...
Name - rwebbchem
... aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide? If yes, write and balance the equation that illustrates the reaction. ...
... aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide? If yes, write and balance the equation that illustrates the reaction. ...
Acyl Anions Derived from Enol Ethers
... Reversal of carbonyl group polarity (Umpolung) The carbonyl group is electrophilic at the carbon atom and hence is susceptible to attack by nucleophilic reagents. Thus, the carbonyl group reacts as a formyl cation or as an acyl cation. A reversal of the positive polarity of the carbonyl group so it ...
... Reversal of carbonyl group polarity (Umpolung) The carbonyl group is electrophilic at the carbon atom and hence is susceptible to attack by nucleophilic reagents. Thus, the carbonyl group reacts as a formyl cation or as an acyl cation. A reversal of the positive polarity of the carbonyl group so it ...
Chapter 18 - Aldehydes and Ketones
... The phosphonium ylide required for this reaction can be prepared by SN2 reaction of a phosphine and an alkyl halide, followed by deprotonation of the phosphonium salt with a strong base such as an alkyl lithium. Phosphorus ylides are stable due to resonance. ...
... The phosphonium ylide required for this reaction can be prepared by SN2 reaction of a phosphine and an alkyl halide, followed by deprotonation of the phosphonium salt with a strong base such as an alkyl lithium. Phosphorus ylides are stable due to resonance. ...
CH 3 Br + Nu
... 10. Which statement(s) is/are true of an E1 elimination? A) it is a two-step process and has the same first step as a SN1 mechanism B) it involves the formation of the carbocation from elimination of a good leaving group C) a common competing reaction is rearrangement of a less stable carbocation t ...
... 10. Which statement(s) is/are true of an E1 elimination? A) it is a two-step process and has the same first step as a SN1 mechanism B) it involves the formation of the carbocation from elimination of a good leaving group C) a common competing reaction is rearrangement of a less stable carbocation t ...
Alkynes
... • Like alkenes, alkynes undergo addition reactions because they contain relatively weak π bonds. • Two sequential reactions can take place: • addition of one equivalent of reagent forms an alkene, • which can then add a second equivalent of reagent to yield a product having four new bonds. ...
... • Like alkenes, alkynes undergo addition reactions because they contain relatively weak π bonds. • Two sequential reactions can take place: • addition of one equivalent of reagent forms an alkene, • which can then add a second equivalent of reagent to yield a product having four new bonds. ...
Module - EPS School Projects - Heriot
... provide a range of methods for the interconversion of key functional groups, emphasising issues of regio- and stereocontrol discuss an extended range of reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds develop the concept of retrosynthetic analysis (RSA) in a structured manner illustrate h ...
... provide a range of methods for the interconversion of key functional groups, emphasising issues of regio- and stereocontrol discuss an extended range of reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds develop the concept of retrosynthetic analysis (RSA) in a structured manner illustrate h ...
Named Reactions Of Haloalkanes and haloarenes
... of anhydrous aluminium chloride acting as a catalyst. As a result,a hydrogen atom in the ring gets replaced either by alkyl group or acyl group. Friedel Craft Alkyltion CH3 ...
... of anhydrous aluminium chloride acting as a catalyst. As a result,a hydrogen atom in the ring gets replaced either by alkyl group or acyl group. Friedel Craft Alkyltion CH3 ...
Alkenes undergo Addition Reactions Predict the product of each
... from the indicated starting material and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents: cyclopentyl cyanide from cyclopentanol 3. Solvolysis of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane in acetic acid containing potassium acetate gave three products. Identify ...
... from the indicated starting material and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents: cyclopentyl cyanide from cyclopentanol 3. Solvolysis of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane in acetic acid containing potassium acetate gave three products. Identify ...
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction, or the Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling, is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis which involves the coupling of an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes) with a variety of organic electrophiles via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.The R1 group attached to the trialkyltin is normally sp2-hybridized, including alkenes, and aryl groups; however, conditions have been devised to incorporate both sp3-hybridized groups, such as allylic and benzylic substituents, and sp-hybridized alkynes. These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents are either commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used.The groundwork for the Stille reaction was laid by Colin Eaborn, Toshihiko Migita, and Masanori Kosugi in 1976 and 1977, who explored numerous palladium catalyzed couplings involving organotin reagents. John Stille and David Milstein developed a much milder and more broadly applicable procedure in 1978. Stille’s work on this area might have earned him a share of the 2010 Nobel Prize, which was awarded to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki for their work on the Heck, Negishi, and Suzuki coupling reactions. However, Stille died in the plane crash of United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989.Several reviews have been published on the Stille reaction.