aldehydes and ketones
... • Ketones have greater steric crowding in their transition states, so they have less stable transition states. ...
... • Ketones have greater steric crowding in their transition states, so they have less stable transition states. ...
Course No - Chemistry
... systems of nomenclature.Geometrical isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Optical Isomerism:- Elements of symmetry,molecular chirality, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers.Enantiomers,diastereoisomers and meso compounds. Resolution of enantiomers. Inversion, retention an ...
... systems of nomenclature.Geometrical isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds. Optical Isomerism:- Elements of symmetry,molecular chirality, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers.Enantiomers,diastereoisomers and meso compounds. Resolution of enantiomers. Inversion, retention an ...
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Epoxides
... A tertiary alcohol cannot be oxidized and is converted to a stable chromate ester instead: ...
... A tertiary alcohol cannot be oxidized and is converted to a stable chromate ester instead: ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... subsequently by conversion of OH into a good leaving group (acid catalyzed) and promotion by the lone pair on N. This latter reaction is very much like an E1 reaction (the acid catalyzed dehydration of alcohols). ...
... subsequently by conversion of OH into a good leaving group (acid catalyzed) and promotion by the lone pair on N. This latter reaction is very much like an E1 reaction (the acid catalyzed dehydration of alcohols). ...
reactions.html Reaction 1. Electrophilic addition of
... product (Pd, CaCO3, Pb(OAc)2, quinoline) lithium metal in ammonia for trans product ...
... product (Pd, CaCO3, Pb(OAc)2, quinoline) lithium metal in ammonia for trans product ...
Recent advances in homogeneous nickel catalysis
... systems capable of activating the C–O bonds of functional groups other than triflates—such as ethers, esters, carbamates and carbonates (Fig. 3c)—are highly desired. Reactions based on such catalyst systems would represent an ideal combination of ready access to coupling partners that can be mildly ...
... systems capable of activating the C–O bonds of functional groups other than triflates—such as ethers, esters, carbamates and carbonates (Fig. 3c)—are highly desired. Reactions based on such catalyst systems would represent an ideal combination of ready access to coupling partners that can be mildly ...
effective: september 2003
... given the formulas of two compounds, list the types of intermolecular forces that apply to each molecule, and predict which will have the higher boiling point, or heat of vaporization. ...
... given the formulas of two compounds, list the types of intermolecular forces that apply to each molecule, and predict which will have the higher boiling point, or heat of vaporization. ...
o-chem - WordPress.com
... examples of activating groups are –NH2, –NHR, – NHCOCH3, –OCH3, –CH3, –C2H5, etc. In the case of aryl halides, halogens are moderately deactivating. Because of their strong – I effect, overall electron density on benzene ring decreases. It makes further substitution difficult. However, due to resona ...
... examples of activating groups are –NH2, –NHR, – NHCOCH3, –OCH3, –CH3, –C2H5, etc. In the case of aryl halides, halogens are moderately deactivating. Because of their strong – I effect, overall electron density on benzene ring decreases. It makes further substitution difficult. However, due to resona ...
15 - MSU Chemistry
... NaOH (pKa of water about 16) removes the proton from PhSH (pKa about 7) rapidly as this is a proton transfer between electronegative atoms. Clearly the methyl group must be transfe ...
... NaOH (pKa of water about 16) removes the proton from PhSH (pKa about 7) rapidly as this is a proton transfer between electronegative atoms. Clearly the methyl group must be transfe ...
Document
... • There will be two possible Wittig routes to an alkene. • Analyze the structure retrosynthetically, i.e., work the synthesis out backworks • Disconnect (break the bond of the target that can be formed by a known reaction) the doubly bonded carbons. One becomes the aldehyde or ketone, the other the ...
... • There will be two possible Wittig routes to an alkene. • Analyze the structure retrosynthetically, i.e., work the synthesis out backworks • Disconnect (break the bond of the target that can be formed by a known reaction) the doubly bonded carbons. One becomes the aldehyde or ketone, the other the ...
Syn Addition
... Alkene must be 2-butene. But wait that could be either cis or trans! We want meso. Have to worry about stereochemistry ...
... Alkene must be 2-butene. But wait that could be either cis or trans! We want meso. Have to worry about stereochemistry ...
HL ISSN: 2231 – 3087(print) / 2230 – 9632 (Online)
... The other hydride reducing reagents reported for the reductive amination are- boron-pyridine (BH3-Py)xa, Ti(OiPr)4/NaBH3CNxb, borohydride exchange resinxia, Zn/AcOHxib, NaBH4/Mg(ClO4)2xic, Zn(BH4)2/ZnCl2xid, etc. Some reports of electrochemical reductive amination have been also reportedxii. After ...
... The other hydride reducing reagents reported for the reductive amination are- boron-pyridine (BH3-Py)xa, Ti(OiPr)4/NaBH3CNxb, borohydride exchange resinxia, Zn/AcOHxib, NaBH4/Mg(ClO4)2xic, Zn(BH4)2/ZnCl2xid, etc. Some reports of electrochemical reductive amination have been also reportedxii. After ...
Grant MacEwan College - Faculty Web Pages
... course without the prerequisite may result in a significant financial penalty because you will be responsible for any tuition costs associated with the course up to the date of the withdrawal. Courses transferred to Grant MacEwan University from another post-secondary institution will not be applied ...
... course without the prerequisite may result in a significant financial penalty because you will be responsible for any tuition costs associated with the course up to the date of the withdrawal. Courses transferred to Grant MacEwan University from another post-secondary institution will not be applied ...
Chapter 6 Notes
... • Understand the arrows used in organic chemistry • Explore the energy concepts (energy profile diagrams & calculate DH) for organic reactions • Examine the kinetics (rates) of some organic reactions • Survey important concepts related to drawing mechanisms and carbocation rearrangements 6.7–6.12 (f ...
... • Understand the arrows used in organic chemistry • Explore the energy concepts (energy profile diagrams & calculate DH) for organic reactions • Examine the kinetics (rates) of some organic reactions • Survey important concepts related to drawing mechanisms and carbocation rearrangements 6.7–6.12 (f ...
CHE-06 year 2004
... CH3CH2CH2Br + CH3OH CH3CH2CH2OCH3 + HBr or CH3CH2CH2Br + CH3O¯ CH3CH2CH2OCH3 +Br¯ ...
... CH3CH2CH2Br + CH3OH CH3CH2CH2OCH3 + HBr or CH3CH2CH2Br + CH3O¯ CH3CH2CH2OCH3 +Br¯ ...
Group B_reaction of alkenes
... Limonene takes its name from the lemon, as the rind of the lemon, like other citrus fruits, contains considerable amounts of this compound, which contributes to their odor. Limonene is common in cosmetic products. As the main odor constituent of citrus (plant family Rutaceae), D-limonene is used ...
... Limonene takes its name from the lemon, as the rind of the lemon, like other citrus fruits, contains considerable amounts of this compound, which contributes to their odor. Limonene is common in cosmetic products. As the main odor constituent of citrus (plant family Rutaceae), D-limonene is used ...
Survey on Conditions Catalysis of Chemical Reactions
... base such as methylamine or in solution of a moderately high boiling ether such as THF(tetrahydrofuran) with which it also forms a complex, shown above. B2H6 does not behave as a source of hydride; instead it adds to carbon-carbon double bonds in a concerted manner to place the boron (somewhat posit ...
... base such as methylamine or in solution of a moderately high boiling ether such as THF(tetrahydrofuran) with which it also forms a complex, shown above. B2H6 does not behave as a source of hydride; instead it adds to carbon-carbon double bonds in a concerted manner to place the boron (somewhat posit ...
CHEM 263 (AS 40) Organic Chemistry II Winter 2017 Instructor: Dr
... the Academic Schedule in the Academic Calendar. Failure to officially withdraw will result in a grade being assigned based on course work completed. Late withdrawals are only allowed in exceptional circumstances. ...
... the Academic Schedule in the Academic Calendar. Failure to officially withdraw will result in a grade being assigned based on course work completed. Late withdrawals are only allowed in exceptional circumstances. ...
Elimination Reactions
... • Now the double bond of the alkene is fully formed and the alkene has a trigonal plannar geometry at each carbon atom. The other products are a molecule of ethanol and a bromide ion. ...
... • Now the double bond of the alkene is fully formed and the alkene has a trigonal plannar geometry at each carbon atom. The other products are a molecule of ethanol and a bromide ion. ...
Selective Incorporation of Difluoromethylene
... of approaches that lead to carbon(sp2)– carbon(sp3) bond formation with transition metals: i) the reductive cross-coupling of two electrophiles with metal powder (Strategy A, Scheme 1), ii) the mediation of an electrophile with a nucleophile (Strategies B & C, Scheme 1), and iii) the mainly oxidativ ...
... of approaches that lead to carbon(sp2)– carbon(sp3) bond formation with transition metals: i) the reductive cross-coupling of two electrophiles with metal powder (Strategy A, Scheme 1), ii) the mediation of an electrophile with a nucleophile (Strategies B & C, Scheme 1), and iii) the mainly oxidativ ...
無投影片標題
... RCH2F < RCH2Cl < RCH2Br < RCH2I ∵ larger, more polarizable halogen atoms increase the dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules No. of carbon m.p. and b.p. ...
... RCH2F < RCH2Cl < RCH2Br < RCH2I ∵ larger, more polarizable halogen atoms increase the dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules No. of carbon m.p. and b.p. ...
Document
... 15. The biological significance of chirality (stereoisomerism) is that A. because proteins (enzymes) are made of chiral subunits they usually react with only one stereoisomer of a molecule. B. because proteins (enzymes) are not made of chiral subunits they react with all stereoisomers of a molecule. ...
... 15. The biological significance of chirality (stereoisomerism) is that A. because proteins (enzymes) are made of chiral subunits they usually react with only one stereoisomer of a molecule. B. because proteins (enzymes) are not made of chiral subunits they react with all stereoisomers of a molecule. ...
ORGANIC REACTIONS IN A CLAY MICROENVIRONMENT
... failed to give any cyclohexene via the intra-molecular elimination process (Ballantine et aL, 198 lb). The reaction was found to be extremely temperature-dependent with only ~5% reaction after 24 h at 160~ rising to >50% reaction after 24 h at 220~ The tertiary amine t-butylamine was little affected ...
... failed to give any cyclohexene via the intra-molecular elimination process (Ballantine et aL, 198 lb). The reaction was found to be extremely temperature-dependent with only ~5% reaction after 24 h at 160~ rising to >50% reaction after 24 h at 220~ The tertiary amine t-butylamine was little affected ...
Microwave-Assisted Sulfamide Synthesis
... selective [1,5]. A novel transition-metal-catalyzed process for making unsymmetric sulfamides that was recently reported has several limitations, especially with ortho-isomers [1]. Even though other available methods report high yields, they either require reagents that are not readily accessible or ...
... selective [1,5]. A novel transition-metal-catalyzed process for making unsymmetric sulfamides that was recently reported has several limitations, especially with ortho-isomers [1]. Even though other available methods report high yields, they either require reagents that are not readily accessible or ...
Chapter 13. Plannig and Execution of Multistep Synthesis
... or enol ether. The aldehyde must be liberated in a final step from the protected precursor. ...
... or enol ether. The aldehyde must be liberated in a final step from the protected precursor. ...
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction, or the Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling, is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis which involves the coupling of an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes) with a variety of organic electrophiles via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.The R1 group attached to the trialkyltin is normally sp2-hybridized, including alkenes, and aryl groups; however, conditions have been devised to incorporate both sp3-hybridized groups, such as allylic and benzylic substituents, and sp-hybridized alkynes. These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents are either commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used.The groundwork for the Stille reaction was laid by Colin Eaborn, Toshihiko Migita, and Masanori Kosugi in 1976 and 1977, who explored numerous palladium catalyzed couplings involving organotin reagents. John Stille and David Milstein developed a much milder and more broadly applicable procedure in 1978. Stille’s work on this area might have earned him a share of the 2010 Nobel Prize, which was awarded to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki for their work on the Heck, Negishi, and Suzuki coupling reactions. However, Stille died in the plane crash of United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989.Several reviews have been published on the Stille reaction.