Chemistry 209 - Experiment 3, Spring 2003
... As in the previous experiment, you should make a note of as many characteristics of the substances to be tested as possible. Always note the color and physical form of each compound you work with in the lab. As you perform the different tests, try to observe and note any subtle differences between t ...
... As in the previous experiment, you should make a note of as many characteristics of the substances to be tested as possible. Always note the color and physical form of each compound you work with in the lab. As you perform the different tests, try to observe and note any subtle differences between t ...
Chapter 20 - Cengage Learning
... A carbon atom can form a maximum of four covalent bonds with other atoms. The VSEPR model tells us that electron pairs try to spread out as far as possible. The shape assumed by a carbon atom bonded to four atoms is a tetrahedron. Carbon can bond to fewer than four other atoms when it forms a double ...
... A carbon atom can form a maximum of four covalent bonds with other atoms. The VSEPR model tells us that electron pairs try to spread out as far as possible. The shape assumed by a carbon atom bonded to four atoms is a tetrahedron. Carbon can bond to fewer than four other atoms when it forms a double ...
Asymmetric Glycine Enolate Aldol Reactions
... isolated as the internally derivatized heterocycles 5 in good yield (Scheme I; Table I). In a typical procedure, 1.2 equiv of stannous triflate in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) is cooled to -78 "C and 1.5 equiv of N-ethylpiperidine is added, followed by a precooled solution of 3c in THF. After the ...
... isolated as the internally derivatized heterocycles 5 in good yield (Scheme I; Table I). In a typical procedure, 1.2 equiv of stannous triflate in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) is cooled to -78 "C and 1.5 equiv of N-ethylpiperidine is added, followed by a precooled solution of 3c in THF. After the ...
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers through a Vanadium
... the chemoselectivity of the oxidation reaction was observed. The vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of 1, using CHCl3 as the solvent and L1 (Table 1, entry 2) or L2 (Table 1, entry 4) as the ligand, cleanly afforded 2,5-trans-THP 2 (THP = tetrahydropyran; d.r. = > 95:5) with excellent diastereoselectivity ...
... the chemoselectivity of the oxidation reaction was observed. The vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of 1, using CHCl3 as the solvent and L1 (Table 1, entry 2) or L2 (Table 1, entry 4) as the ligand, cleanly afforded 2,5-trans-THP 2 (THP = tetrahydropyran; d.r. = > 95:5) with excellent diastereoselectivity ...
Answers / Solutions
... electrodes the pH of the electrolyte a) increases progressively as the reaction proceeds b) decreases progressively as the reaction ti proceeds d c) remains constant throughout the reaction d) may decrease if the concentration of the electrolyte is not very high ...
... electrodes the pH of the electrolyte a) increases progressively as the reaction proceeds b) decreases progressively as the reaction ti proceeds d c) remains constant throughout the reaction d) may decrease if the concentration of the electrolyte is not very high ...
New L-Serine Derivative Ligands as Cocatalysts for Diels
... It is noteworthy that ligand 8 completely deactivated the metal catalyst (entries 1, 2, and 3), with the strong catalytic effect of AlCl3 and FeCl3 (entries 2 and 4, Table 1) being totally suppressed. This suggests that the cation coordinates to the basic amine group of 6 and the resulting complex i ...
... It is noteworthy that ligand 8 completely deactivated the metal catalyst (entries 1, 2, and 3), with the strong catalytic effect of AlCl3 and FeCl3 (entries 2 and 4, Table 1) being totally suppressed. This suggests that the cation coordinates to the basic amine group of 6 and the resulting complex i ...
Chapter Seven - U of L Class Index
... The Sn 1 mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate in the ratedetermining step. 3°, benzylic and allylic substrates undergo Sn 1 reaction because they form relatively ...
... The Sn 1 mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate in the ratedetermining step. 3°, benzylic and allylic substrates undergo Sn 1 reaction because they form relatively ...
Organic Chemistry II Introduction
... Reactions of Amides • Heating in either aqueous acid or aqueous base produces a carboxylic acid and the ...
... Reactions of Amides • Heating in either aqueous acid or aqueous base produces a carboxylic acid and the ...
Alkyl Aryl Ether Bond Formation with PhenoFluor
... reagent.[9] We speculated that instead of fluoride, phenolates or alcoholates might act as nucleophiles to provide ethers if the fluoride ions were effectively trapped by silanes.[10] The reaction of an equimolar mixture of alcohol 2 a and 4-fluorophenol with PhenoFluor and TMS-imidazole (2 equiv) i ...
... reagent.[9] We speculated that instead of fluoride, phenolates or alcoholates might act as nucleophiles to provide ethers if the fluoride ions were effectively trapped by silanes.[10] The reaction of an equimolar mixture of alcohol 2 a and 4-fluorophenol with PhenoFluor and TMS-imidazole (2 equiv) i ...
Reaction of orthoesters with alcohols in the presence of acidic
... gave excellent yields of unsymmetrical ethers 1 and as stated before, this reaction is found to be general with regard to various orthoesters but selective with respect to various primary allylic and benzylic alcohols. However, when SiO2 is used as the catalyst, we could isolate corresponding O-acet ...
... gave excellent yields of unsymmetrical ethers 1 and as stated before, this reaction is found to be general with regard to various orthoesters but selective with respect to various primary allylic and benzylic alcohols. However, when SiO2 is used as the catalyst, we could isolate corresponding O-acet ...
Organic Chemistry
... – Have fewer than maximum number of hydrogens – The C atoms on double bond are sp2 hybridized Chapter 23: “Chemistry: The Central Science: A Broad Perspective” 2nd Edition, by LeMay et al. ...
... – Have fewer than maximum number of hydrogens – The C atoms on double bond are sp2 hybridized Chapter 23: “Chemistry: The Central Science: A Broad Perspective” 2nd Edition, by LeMay et al. ...
Oxidation of Benzyl Ethers to Benzoate Esters Using a Novel
... enthalpically favored H-atom abstraction (Feray et. al., 2001) from the benzylic site produces the stable α-alkoxy radical, 5, which can be oxidized to benzaldehyde in one of two ways. A single electron transfer (SET) from 5 to the odd-electron species, 6, produces the benzylic carbocation 8 which c ...
... enthalpically favored H-atom abstraction (Feray et. al., 2001) from the benzylic site produces the stable α-alkoxy radical, 5, which can be oxidized to benzaldehyde in one of two ways. A single electron transfer (SET) from 5 to the odd-electron species, 6, produces the benzylic carbocation 8 which c ...
Ligand-Based CarbonАNitrogen Bond Forming Reactions of Metal
... ver the past few decades, researchers have made substantial progress in the development of transition metal complexes that activate and functionalize CH bonds. For the most part, chemists have focused on aliphatic and aromatic CH bonds and have put less effort into complexes that activate and func ...
... ver the past few decades, researchers have made substantial progress in the development of transition metal complexes that activate and functionalize CH bonds. For the most part, chemists have focused on aliphatic and aromatic CH bonds and have put less effort into complexes that activate and func ...
19 Amines and Amides Study Goals
... derivatives. Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary and named according to IUPAC and common naming systems. Heterocyclic amines are introduced and their role in alkaloids and other physiological amines is described. Demonstration: Amines and Amides Amines and amides are introduced ...
... derivatives. Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary and named according to IUPAC and common naming systems. Heterocyclic amines are introduced and their role in alkaloids and other physiological amines is described. Demonstration: Amines and Amides Amines and amides are introduced ...
Carbonyl Compounds
... PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES BOILING POINTS - Polarization of the carbonyl group creates dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules of ketones and aldehydes. - this attractions resulting in higher boiling points for ketones and aldehydes than for hydrocarbons and ethers of si ...
... PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES BOILING POINTS - Polarization of the carbonyl group creates dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules of ketones and aldehydes. - this attractions resulting in higher boiling points for ketones and aldehydes than for hydrocarbons and ethers of si ...
10 | Carbon: More Than Just Another Element
... Carbon compounds are notable for their resistance to chemical change. This resistance is a result of two things: strong bonds and slow reactions. Strong bonds are needed for molecules to survive in their environment. Molecular collisions in gases, liquids, and solutions often provide enough energy t ...
... Carbon compounds are notable for their resistance to chemical change. This resistance is a result of two things: strong bonds and slow reactions. Strong bonds are needed for molecules to survive in their environment. Molecular collisions in gases, liquids, and solutions often provide enough energy t ...
AddCorrections(KKH) - Spiral
... unsuccessful under these conditions. Subsequently, the system was studied in greater detail by Carpentier and co-workers, in the hydroalkoxylation of dicyclopentadiene and norbornene with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.[14] In this work, the authors concluded that triflic acid is the active catalyst, g ...
... unsuccessful under these conditions. Subsequently, the system was studied in greater detail by Carpentier and co-workers, in the hydroalkoxylation of dicyclopentadiene and norbornene with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.[14] In this work, the authors concluded that triflic acid is the active catalyst, g ...
New Exp8
... Limitations of E1 Reaction: Acid-Catalyzed Dehydrations Competition can occur with SN1 reaction if reaction conditions are not ‘controlled’ (when protic solvents, non-basic nucleophiles are used). Mixtures of products form with the E1 reaction (also SN1). Unsymmetrical reagents and rearrangements po ...
... Limitations of E1 Reaction: Acid-Catalyzed Dehydrations Competition can occur with SN1 reaction if reaction conditions are not ‘controlled’ (when protic solvents, non-basic nucleophiles are used). Mixtures of products form with the E1 reaction (also SN1). Unsymmetrical reagents and rearrangements po ...
Chemistry XII - Kendriya Vidyalaya IIM,Lucknow
... IMPORTANT QUESTIONS: 1.Is it true that under certain conditions Mg can reduce SiO2 and Si can reduce MgO? what are these conditions ? Ans.: By using Ellinghan Diagram 2. Diffrentiate between mineral and ores? Ans: Mineral is a naturally occurring Chemical substance. ore is a mineral from which we ex ...
... IMPORTANT QUESTIONS: 1.Is it true that under certain conditions Mg can reduce SiO2 and Si can reduce MgO? what are these conditions ? Ans.: By using Ellinghan Diagram 2. Diffrentiate between mineral and ores? Ans: Mineral is a naturally occurring Chemical substance. ore is a mineral from which we ex ...
5 SURFACE CHEMISTRY CATEGORY
... 4.Define osmotic pressure. How is it that measurement of osmotic pressures is more widely used for determining molar masses of macromolecules than the rise in boiling point or fall in freezing point of their solutions? 5. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1 kg of water so that its f ...
... 4.Define osmotic pressure. How is it that measurement of osmotic pressures is more widely used for determining molar masses of macromolecules than the rise in boiling point or fall in freezing point of their solutions? 5. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1 kg of water so that its f ...
Microsoft Word
... substituents of the chiral sulfur atom: a lone pair of electrons, an oxygen atom and two different carbon ligands. It is well known that sulfoxides participate as neighbouring groups in a number of reactions. Sulfoxide group participation in halohydrin formation from cyclic and simple acyclic olefin ...
... substituents of the chiral sulfur atom: a lone pair of electrons, an oxygen atom and two different carbon ligands. It is well known that sulfoxides participate as neighbouring groups in a number of reactions. Sulfoxide group participation in halohydrin formation from cyclic and simple acyclic olefin ...
Thiolated macromolecules and methods of making and using thereof
... substituted or unsubstituted groups. Referring to formula I, X is the residue of the nucleophilic group of the macromol ecule. In one aspect, a nucleophilic group is capable of ...
... substituted or unsubstituted groups. Referring to formula I, X is the residue of the nucleophilic group of the macromol ecule. In one aspect, a nucleophilic group is capable of ...
M_ScOrganic_Chemistr..
... Organic synthesis: Reterosynthsis, synthons and synthetic equivalents, functional group interconversion, Synthesis of amines, regiospecific, chemospecific and stereospecific reactions, umpolung methods. principles and applications of protective groups in protection of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and c ...
... Organic synthesis: Reterosynthsis, synthons and synthetic equivalents, functional group interconversion, Synthesis of amines, regiospecific, chemospecific and stereospecific reactions, umpolung methods. principles and applications of protective groups in protection of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and c ...
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and
... Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures which differ in their connections between atoms © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. ...
... Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures which differ in their connections between atoms © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.