Application Form
... registered cases of TB in children, 2.5% are at risk of getting infection, out of which only 5%10% of infected children will progress to primary progressive disease while 80‑90% will get latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Pakistan.3 Close contacts with patients with sputum smear-positive and cu ...
... registered cases of TB in children, 2.5% are at risk of getting infection, out of which only 5%10% of infected children will progress to primary progressive disease while 80‑90% will get latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Pakistan.3 Close contacts with patients with sputum smear-positive and cu ...
Blood Borne Pathogens, Universal Precautions Document
... body’s immune system, leaving it open to life-threatening infections and malignancies. The virus may also directly attack the central nervous system. Persons infected with HIV often have no apparent symptoms which make it’s transfer difficulty to predict. There is still no cure for this illness. Hep ...
... body’s immune system, leaving it open to life-threatening infections and malignancies. The virus may also directly attack the central nervous system. Persons infected with HIV often have no apparent symptoms which make it’s transfer difficulty to predict. There is still no cure for this illness. Hep ...
Prevention and improved treatment of communicable diseases
... Prevention and Control Act (2003) that harmonises the EC Decisions in the field of surveillance and control of CD and has started to implement that. is preparing the National Pandemic Preparedness Plan and Bioterrorism Preparedness Plan is implementing several national programmes (HIV/AIDS preventio ...
... Prevention and Control Act (2003) that harmonises the EC Decisions in the field of surveillance and control of CD and has started to implement that. is preparing the National Pandemic Preparedness Plan and Bioterrorism Preparedness Plan is implementing several national programmes (HIV/AIDS preventio ...
The TB Bug
... Mycobacterium africanum: causes up to one-third Of TB cases in West Africa. Milder in non-immunocompromised patient Mycobacterium leprae causes Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Mycobacterium bovis. Causes Bovine TB. Killed many farm animals inn first half of 20th century. Destroyed by pasteurization. Caus ...
... Mycobacterium africanum: causes up to one-third Of TB cases in West Africa. Milder in non-immunocompromised patient Mycobacterium leprae causes Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Mycobacterium bovis. Causes Bovine TB. Killed many farm animals inn first half of 20th century. Destroyed by pasteurization. Caus ...
Tb-in-children
... • One third of the world’s population is infected • TB kills 5,000 people a day – 2-3 million each year ...
... • One third of the world’s population is infected • TB kills 5,000 people a day – 2-3 million each year ...
February 26, 2016 The Honorable Kay Granger The Honorable Nita
... In December 2015, the President released the National Action Plan to Combat Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis (NAP), a comprehensive plan for addressing drug resistant TB in the U.S. and abroad. We write to request that you provide $400 million for bilateral tuberculosis (TB) control in the Fi ...
... In December 2015, the President released the National Action Plan to Combat Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis (NAP), a comprehensive plan for addressing drug resistant TB in the U.S. and abroad. We write to request that you provide $400 million for bilateral tuberculosis (TB) control in the Fi ...
Epidemiology of tuberculosis
... • infection rates and drug resistant rates increasing, • travel and migration key risk factors • poor, weak and elderly most vulnerable • HIV positive people vulnerable and major threat to future trends. ...
... • infection rates and drug resistant rates increasing, • travel and migration key risk factors • poor, weak and elderly most vulnerable • HIV positive people vulnerable and major threat to future trends. ...
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: What Nurses Should
... TB (including MDR-TB) and HIV co-infections are relatively common globally and each condition adversely affects the other. In the US in 2007, the overall number of TB cases reported in the U.S. was 13, 293. In the U.S. between 1993 and 2006, 49 cases of XDR-TB were reported, and in 2006, 116 cases o ...
... TB (including MDR-TB) and HIV co-infections are relatively common globally and each condition adversely affects the other. In the US in 2007, the overall number of TB cases reported in the U.S. was 13, 293. In the U.S. between 1993 and 2006, 49 cases of XDR-TB were reported, and in 2006, 116 cases o ...
"Immortal" flatworms: a weapon against bacteria
... The scientists focused on one of these genes – MORN2 – which is present in the human genome and was found to be essential for eliminating all the bacteria tested. The team over-expressed this gene in human macrophages, the white blood cells responsible for eliminating pathogenic agents by digesting ...
... The scientists focused on one of these genes – MORN2 – which is present in the human genome and was found to be essential for eliminating all the bacteria tested. The team over-expressed this gene in human macrophages, the white blood cells responsible for eliminating pathogenic agents by digesting ...
Tuberculosis * Old Disease, New Disease
... – Foreign born rate 13.4 times higher than US born persons • Countries contributing over half of the US born cases were: China, India, Mexico, Philippines and Vietnam. ...
... – Foreign born rate 13.4 times higher than US born persons • Countries contributing over half of the US born cases were: China, India, Mexico, Philippines and Vietnam. ...
Powerpoint
... animals or when anthrax spores are used as a bioterrorist weapon. - will not transmit from person to person - the spores can be used as a bioterroist weapon, as was the case in 2001, when the spores had been intentionally distributed through the postal system, causing 22 cases of anthrax, incl ...
... animals or when anthrax spores are used as a bioterrorist weapon. - will not transmit from person to person - the spores can be used as a bioterroist weapon, as was the case in 2001, when the spores had been intentionally distributed through the postal system, causing 22 cases of anthrax, incl ...
Outline made by: Caleb Richards Checked by: Roxy Godiwalla
... EB, or elementary bodies, go into conjunctiva and urogenital tracts to infect epithelial cells w/ endocytosis ...
... EB, or elementary bodies, go into conjunctiva and urogenital tracts to infect epithelial cells w/ endocytosis ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis - Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences
... health problem with global mortality ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 million lives per year. The situation is further exacerbated with the increasing incidence of drug resistant TB (Aftab et al., 2009). With an estimated annual incidence of over nine million cases, TB is believed to be responsible for more ...
... health problem with global mortality ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 million lives per year. The situation is further exacerbated with the increasing incidence of drug resistant TB (Aftab et al., 2009). With an estimated annual incidence of over nine million cases, TB is believed to be responsible for more ...
Tuberculosis in humans and cattle in Ethiopia: Implications for public health Stephen Gordon
... Leading killer of people with HIV ...
... Leading killer of people with HIV ...
Pulmonary Board Review Tuberculosis
... How is the skin test read? • Test is read by a trained health worker 48 - 72 hours after the tuberculin injection • Diameter of the indurated area is measured transversely across the forearm • Erythema (redness) is not measured • Test result is measured in millimeters (mm) – ≥ 5mm: HIV+, recent TB ...
... How is the skin test read? • Test is read by a trained health worker 48 - 72 hours after the tuberculin injection • Diameter of the indurated area is measured transversely across the forearm • Erythema (redness) is not measured • Test result is measured in millimeters (mm) – ≥ 5mm: HIV+, recent TB ...
Biological Hazards
... Cases of pneumonia make up the vast majority of debilitating lower respiratory infections. ...
... Cases of pneumonia make up the vast majority of debilitating lower respiratory infections. ...
GRANULOMATOUS DISEASES
... Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages that assume an Epithelioid appearance. Granulomas are encountered in certain specific pathologic states; consequently, recognition of the granulomatous pattern is importan ...
... Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages that assume an Epithelioid appearance. Granulomas are encountered in certain specific pathologic states; consequently, recognition of the granulomatous pattern is importan ...
Follow up of Indeterminate QFT-G An indeterminate QFT
... The performance of QFT-G has not been determined in persons who, because of impaired immune function (e.g., HIV infection), are at increased risk for M. tuberculosis infection progressing to TB disease As with a negative TST result, negative QFT-G results alone might not be sufficient to exclude M. ...
... The performance of QFT-G has not been determined in persons who, because of impaired immune function (e.g., HIV infection), are at increased risk for M. tuberculosis infection progressing to TB disease As with a negative TST result, negative QFT-G results alone might not be sufficient to exclude M. ...
Title: Isoniazid for the prevention of tuberculosis in HIV
... An estimated 6 to 10% tuberculosis (TB) cases globally occur in children while, in high disease burden countries, childhood TB accounts for about 15 to 20% of all TB cases.1,2 Worldwide, around one million children are infected with TB and 80,000 children die annually due to TBrelated complications. ...
... An estimated 6 to 10% tuberculosis (TB) cases globally occur in children while, in high disease burden countries, childhood TB accounts for about 15 to 20% of all TB cases.1,2 Worldwide, around one million children are infected with TB and 80,000 children die annually due to TBrelated complications. ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus), in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption, is a widespread, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.The classic symptoms of active TB infection are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (the last of these giving rise to the formerly common term for the disease, ""consumption""). Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms. Diagnosis of active TB relies on radiology (commonly chest X-rays), as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or blood tests. Treatment is difficult and requires administration of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Household, workplace and social contacts are also screened and treated if necessary. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infections. Prevention relies on early detection and treatment of cases and on screening programs and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.One-third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million chronic cases were active globally, while in 2013, an estimated 9 million new cases occurred. In 2013 there were between 1.3 and 1.5 million associated deaths, most of which occurred in developing countries. The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2006, and new cases have decreased since 2002. The rate of tuberculosis in different areas varies across the globe; about 80% of the population in many Asian and African countries tests positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5–10% of the United States population tests positive. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system, largely due to high rates of HIV infection and the corresponding development of AIDS.