Anthrax
... Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The disease most commonly occurs in animals and can also infect humans. Anthrax spores may survive in the soil, water and on surfaces for many years, and can only be destroyed by steam sterilization or b ...
... Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The disease most commonly occurs in animals and can also infect humans. Anthrax spores may survive in the soil, water and on surfaces for many years, and can only be destroyed by steam sterilization or b ...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis (StrepThroat) Disease Fact Sheet
... NOT symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis, but indicate viral upper respiratory infections. It is important to realize that most sore throats are not due to streptococcal infections. When a red rash and fever accompany strep throat, it is called scarlet fever. If left untreated, streptococcal pharyn ...
... NOT symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis, but indicate viral upper respiratory infections. It is important to realize that most sore throats are not due to streptococcal infections. When a red rash and fever accompany strep throat, it is called scarlet fever. If left untreated, streptococcal pharyn ...
- LSHTM Research Online
... semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription– polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) [13]. There are five norovirus genogroups ; noroviruses from two of these genogroups (I and II) cause illness in humans. For this analysis, IID cases who were infected with genogroup II noroviruses were classified as ...
... semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription– polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) [13]. There are five norovirus genogroups ; noroviruses from two of these genogroups (I and II) cause illness in humans. For this analysis, IID cases who were infected with genogroup II noroviruses were classified as ...
Rotavirus vaccination
... Bolivia, first high-mortality country to introduce Rotarix® in 2008, with GAVI support Study found vaccinated children 70% less likely to be hospitalized for rotavirus compared to unvaccinated children Protection sustained through first 2 years of a child’s life, when risk of infection is grea ...
... Bolivia, first high-mortality country to introduce Rotarix® in 2008, with GAVI support Study found vaccinated children 70% less likely to be hospitalized for rotavirus compared to unvaccinated children Protection sustained through first 2 years of a child’s life, when risk of infection is grea ...
Outline - San Francisco Bay Area Advanced Practice Center
... Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a non-sporulating, non-motile, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus. There are multiple subspecies of F. tularensis, with the biovars tularensis (type A) and holarctica (type B) occurring most commonly in the United States. The clinic ...
... Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a non-sporulating, non-motile, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus. There are multiple subspecies of F. tularensis, with the biovars tularensis (type A) and holarctica (type B) occurring most commonly in the United States. The clinic ...
CMV
... with CMV natally, viruria and pharyngeal shedding apblood has limited its use in neonates. pear after an incubation period of 4 to 12 weeks. ThereSerologic assays that measure CMV IgG or IgM are fore, after 3 weeks of age, it is impossible to differentiate not recommended for the diagnosis of CMV in ...
... with CMV natally, viruria and pharyngeal shedding apblood has limited its use in neonates. pear after an incubation period of 4 to 12 weeks. ThereSerologic assays that measure CMV IgG or IgM are fore, after 3 weeks of age, it is impossible to differentiate not recommended for the diagnosis of CMV in ...
The War Against MRSA
... • Colonization often precedes invasive infection • In 2003, up to 60% of hospitalized patients with MRSA colonization developed an infection, and 5–15% of colonized residents in a LTCF developed an MRSA infection (McNeil, 2003). ...
... • Colonization often precedes invasive infection • In 2003, up to 60% of hospitalized patients with MRSA colonization developed an infection, and 5–15% of colonized residents in a LTCF developed an MRSA infection (McNeil, 2003). ...
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections
... many different organs and organ systems. Approximately 95% of infections caused by the community-acquired strains of MRSA involve the skin or soft tissue, approximately 2-4% involve a bone or a joint: the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and other sites of infection each account for 1% or less of c ...
... many different organs and organ systems. Approximately 95% of infections caused by the community-acquired strains of MRSA involve the skin or soft tissue, approximately 2-4% involve a bone or a joint: the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and other sites of infection each account for 1% or less of c ...
Basic medical and epidemiological information
... Using these two types of test together can lead to highly accurate and reliable diagnosis of HIV infection. Screening Tests Screening tests are used for initial testing because they are easier to perform than confirmatory tests, well suited to testing large numbers of samples, and less costly. They ...
... Using these two types of test together can lead to highly accurate and reliable diagnosis of HIV infection. Screening Tests Screening tests are used for initial testing because they are easier to perform than confirmatory tests, well suited to testing large numbers of samples, and less costly. They ...
Melioidosis: an important emerging infectious disease — a military
... Air Vice-Marshal Bruce Short is the Surgeon General ADF. He is in private practice as a specialist general physician in Sydney. ...
... Air Vice-Marshal Bruce Short is the Surgeon General ADF. He is in private practice as a specialist general physician in Sydney. ...
Immunization Communication Tools for Immunizers
... approved in 112 countries and more than 45 million doses have been distributed worldwide in over 77 countries. As of July 2009 26 national authorities had recommended its use and it has been funded through public sector programs in 25 countries The HPV vaccine is safe. Most side effects are minor an ...
... approved in 112 countries and more than 45 million doses have been distributed worldwide in over 77 countries. As of July 2009 26 national authorities had recommended its use and it has been funded through public sector programs in 25 countries The HPV vaccine is safe. Most side effects are minor an ...
Education for Students - American Pharmacists Association
... the series are considered primary doses required to provide complete protection. Booster doses, required when biological antibody titers wane over time, are needed intermittently, and vary with the specific vaccine. Adult booster doses of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td), or tetanusdiphtheria and ace ...
... the series are considered primary doses required to provide complete protection. Booster doses, required when biological antibody titers wane over time, are needed intermittently, and vary with the specific vaccine. Adult booster doses of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td), or tetanusdiphtheria and ace ...
Reprint
... the spread of the disease can be modeled by assuming that each infected individual produces a random number of new infections, RI, the value of which is drawn from some probability distribution, pI(). This number of new infections includes those generated in all stages of the disease, in the absenc ...
... the spread of the disease can be modeled by assuming that each infected individual produces a random number of new infections, RI, the value of which is drawn from some probability distribution, pI(). This number of new infections includes those generated in all stages of the disease, in the absenc ...
Haemophilus influenzae type b - Fact sheet - NCIRS
... meningitis may present with vague and non-specific symptoms such as lethargy, poor feeding and irritability. Even with appropriate antibiotic treatment, Hib meningitis can be fatal. Long-term complications, such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss and seizure disorders, are often rep ...
... meningitis may present with vague and non-specific symptoms such as lethargy, poor feeding and irritability. Even with appropriate antibiotic treatment, Hib meningitis can be fatal. Long-term complications, such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss and seizure disorders, are often rep ...
1. Syphilis
... ● Secondary syphilis recurs every several months, with asymptomatic intermissions (latent syphilis). ● In tertiary syphilis (that more than 3 years after infection), syphilis nodosa and gumma occur in the skin. As systemic symptoms, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms occur. ● There is no prima ...
... ● Secondary syphilis recurs every several months, with asymptomatic intermissions (latent syphilis). ● In tertiary syphilis (that more than 3 years after infection), syphilis nodosa and gumma occur in the skin. As systemic symptoms, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms occur. ● There is no prima ...
Principle of Vaccinology
... Attenuated or killed microorganisms or proteins derived from them, administered for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of infectious diseases ...
... Attenuated or killed microorganisms or proteins derived from them, administered for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of infectious diseases ...
resisting antibiotic resistance: legal strategies to maintain man`s
... organisms resistant to these rare and valuable treatments.37 The overuse of these drugs makes them less and less effective over time.38 A more common mistake made by patients is to stop taking antibiotics before completion of the course of treatment prescribed by the physician.39 By failing to compl ...
... organisms resistant to these rare and valuable treatments.37 The overuse of these drugs makes them less and less effective over time.38 A more common mistake made by patients is to stop taking antibiotics before completion of the course of treatment prescribed by the physician.39 By failing to compl ...
Slide 1
... recommended for adults 19 years of age and older who did not get Tdap as an adolescent. Expectant mothers should receive Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably at 27 through 36 weeks. Tdap should also be given to 7-10 year olds who are not fully immunized against pertussis. Tdap can be given no matt ...
... recommended for adults 19 years of age and older who did not get Tdap as an adolescent. Expectant mothers should receive Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably at 27 through 36 weeks. Tdap should also be given to 7-10 year olds who are not fully immunized against pertussis. Tdap can be given no matt ...
haemorigic fever viruses
... described in the Sverdlovsk outbreak are also attributed to late germination [12]. It has been suggested that antibiotics, which are not effective against the non-vegetative or spore form of B. anthracis, may prolong the incubation period [1]. Spores germinate and begin replication only after having ...
... described in the Sverdlovsk outbreak are also attributed to late germination [12]. It has been suggested that antibiotics, which are not effective against the non-vegetative or spore form of B. anthracis, may prolong the incubation period [1]. Spores germinate and begin replication only after having ...
Is Antibiotic Cycling the Answer to Preventing the Emergence of
... K. pneumoniae [31]. However, the use of imipenem increased by 140.6% during the intervention year and was associated with a 68.7% increase in the incidence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa throughout the medical center. Although the number of multiply resistant pathogens decreased with this formu ...
... K. pneumoniae [31]. However, the use of imipenem increased by 140.6% during the intervention year and was associated with a 68.7% increase in the incidence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa throughout the medical center. Although the number of multiply resistant pathogens decreased with this formu ...
1. The most superficial layer of epidermis is: a) stratum germinativum
... 137. A bacterial infection that is extremely painful is: a) impetigo contagiosa b) deep folliculitis c) ecthyma d) bacterial paronychia 138. This is not an indication for oral antibiotics in bacterial infections of skin: a) widespread lesions b) age less than 5 years c) regional lymphadenopathy d) t ...
... 137. A bacterial infection that is extremely painful is: a) impetigo contagiosa b) deep folliculitis c) ecthyma d) bacterial paronychia 138. This is not an indication for oral antibiotics in bacterial infections of skin: a) widespread lesions b) age less than 5 years c) regional lymphadenopathy d) t ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus), in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption, is a widespread, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.The classic symptoms of active TB infection are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (the last of these giving rise to the formerly common term for the disease, ""consumption""). Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms. Diagnosis of active TB relies on radiology (commonly chest X-rays), as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or blood tests. Treatment is difficult and requires administration of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Household, workplace and social contacts are also screened and treated if necessary. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infections. Prevention relies on early detection and treatment of cases and on screening programs and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.One-third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million chronic cases were active globally, while in 2013, an estimated 9 million new cases occurred. In 2013 there were between 1.3 and 1.5 million associated deaths, most of which occurred in developing countries. The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2006, and new cases have decreased since 2002. The rate of tuberculosis in different areas varies across the globe; about 80% of the population in many Asian and African countries tests positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5–10% of the United States population tests positive. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system, largely due to high rates of HIV infection and the corresponding development of AIDS.