General Overview on Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Biofilms, and
... concern for bacteria naturally resistant to antimicrobials such as NTM. Resistance to disinfectants, such as chlorine, has been reported as being one of the factors responsible for the colonization, persistence, and replication of NTM within drinking water distribution systems [3, 75, 94]. Biofilm o ...
... concern for bacteria naturally resistant to antimicrobials such as NTM. Resistance to disinfectants, such as chlorine, has been reported as being one of the factors responsible for the colonization, persistence, and replication of NTM within drinking water distribution systems [3, 75, 94]. Biofilm o ...
press kit - Sanofi Pasteur
... A vaccination is the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism.5 ...
... A vaccination is the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism.5 ...
Hepatitis B FAQ document - National Institute for Communicable
... virus enters the body of a person who is not infected. Neonates may become infected with the virus during the birth process (spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth). Adults may become infected following unprotected sex with an infected partner, through the sharing of needles, syring ...
... virus enters the body of a person who is not infected. Neonates may become infected with the virus during the birth process (spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth). Adults may become infected following unprotected sex with an infected partner, through the sharing of needles, syring ...
FOCUSv22n2 - Lessons from Primary HIV Infection
... acute HIV do not seek medical care during this crucial period. Thus, efforts were made to expand this testing beyond medical settings and into HIV test counseling sites. The practical value of this strategy will depend on whether or not the cost of acute HIV testing can be reduced, while its accurac ...
... acute HIV do not seek medical care during this crucial period. Thus, efforts were made to expand this testing beyond medical settings and into HIV test counseling sites. The practical value of this strategy will depend on whether or not the cost of acute HIV testing can be reduced, while its accurac ...
Novel tests for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: what works and what REVIEW
... Recently, in vitro, T-cell-based IFN-c release assays (IGRAs) have been developed and licensed for diagnosis of latent TB infection. Normally, these tests use peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but they can be used with pleural fluid mononuclear cells. These assays detect IFN-c secreted by ...
... Recently, in vitro, T-cell-based IFN-c release assays (IGRAs) have been developed and licensed for diagnosis of latent TB infection. Normally, these tests use peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but they can be used with pleural fluid mononuclear cells. These assays detect IFN-c secreted by ...
vaccine
... Comparison between active and passive immunization Active immunization Administration ...
... Comparison between active and passive immunization Active immunization Administration ...
Guideline for the Clinical Management of TB and HIV Co
... significant part of this response is the close collaboration between the National HIV/AIDS Control Programme (NACP) and the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP). The NACP and NTP worked together closely to develop this manual, in collaboration with their partners SHARP, QHP and WHO. This ma ...
... significant part of this response is the close collaboration between the National HIV/AIDS Control Programme (NACP) and the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP). The NACP and NTP worked together closely to develop this manual, in collaboration with their partners SHARP, QHP and WHO. This ma ...
Toxoplasma gondii - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... with the transplanted organ from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasmaseronegative recipient. Heart transplantation is the most common type of organ transplantation procedure when this occurs, as cysts form in the cardiac muscles (Martina et al. 2011; Derouin and Pelloux 2012). However, to ...
... with the transplanted organ from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasmaseronegative recipient. Heart transplantation is the most common type of organ transplantation procedure when this occurs, as cysts form in the cardiac muscles (Martina et al. 2011; Derouin and Pelloux 2012). However, to ...
Factors Contributing to the Decline of Leprosy in Spain in the
... history that goes back three thousand years, leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known. For centuries, the care of leprosy patients lacked a scientific basis. Affected individuals were isolated from society and from their couples, and diseased children were separated from their families. Later, sci ...
... history that goes back three thousand years, leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known. For centuries, the care of leprosy patients lacked a scientific basis. Affected individuals were isolated from society and from their couples, and diseased children were separated from their families. Later, sci ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency
... immune system functioning and, prior to the development of anti-retroviral medications, essentially everyone infected with HIV developed AIDS and overwhelming opportunistic infections and/or neoplasms. Untreated, HIV has essentially been regarded as a death sentence. Current drug therapy in the form ...
... immune system functioning and, prior to the development of anti-retroviral medications, essentially everyone infected with HIV developed AIDS and overwhelming opportunistic infections and/or neoplasms. Untreated, HIV has essentially been regarded as a death sentence. Current drug therapy in the form ...
Childhood vaccinations in Croatia
... Many vaccines whose long lasting general use was meritorious for a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases were developed with scarce knowledge on antigenic and immunological interplay between vaccine and vaccinee (6). Effectiveness in the protection agains ...
... Many vaccines whose long lasting general use was meritorious for a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases were developed with scarce knowledge on antigenic and immunological interplay between vaccine and vaccinee (6). Effectiveness in the protection agains ...
Measles - NSW Health
... vaccination should see their doctor to make sure that they have had two doses of measles containing vaccine at least four weeks apart. ...
... vaccination should see their doctor to make sure that they have had two doses of measles containing vaccine at least four weeks apart. ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2012
... IHR. Finland considered in its response that it had attained the required core preparedness, but a total of 110 countries applied to the WHO for a two-year extension to the implementation of the IHR. Finland’s national pandemic preparedness plan was updated, but it also requires continuous developme ...
... IHR. Finland considered in its response that it had attained the required core preparedness, but a total of 110 countries applied to the WHO for a two-year extension to the implementation of the IHR. Finland’s national pandemic preparedness plan was updated, but it also requires continuous developme ...
GBS Awareness Proclamation
... Whereas Group B strep (GBS) is a leading infectious killer of newborns in the United States and is 86% preventable with proper testing and treatment according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Whereas the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention issued a protocol change for GBS car ...
... Whereas Group B strep (GBS) is a leading infectious killer of newborns in the United States and is 86% preventable with proper testing and treatment according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Whereas the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention issued a protocol change for GBS car ...
Human allergy and geohelminth infections
... Effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergy Although cross-sectional epidemiological studies conducted in areas that are highly endemic for geohelminth parasites have provided some evidence of an inverse association between geohelminths and atopy or asthma that is consistent with geohelminths provid ...
... Effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergy Although cross-sectional epidemiological studies conducted in areas that are highly endemic for geohelminth parasites have provided some evidence of an inverse association between geohelminths and atopy or asthma that is consistent with geohelminths provid ...
Immunization status of internationally adopted children in Italy
... children are at risk for having active or latent tuberculosis, because this infection is highly prevalent in places from which many of them come, namely Eastern Europe and South Asia [19,20]. For this reason tuberculosis screening is recommended as soon as they arrive in the adopting country. In our ...
... children are at risk for having active or latent tuberculosis, because this infection is highly prevalent in places from which many of them come, namely Eastern Europe and South Asia [19,20]. For this reason tuberculosis screening is recommended as soon as they arrive in the adopting country. In our ...
Considerations for Combination Vaccine Development and Use in
... have yielded the most significant improvements in child health in the last few decades, 11.5 million children still die each year from diseases for which vaccines are available at low cost: measles, polio, neonatal tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavir ...
... have yielded the most significant improvements in child health in the last few decades, 11.5 million children still die each year from diseases for which vaccines are available at low cost: measles, polio, neonatal tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavir ...
the abstract book - EMBO Conference Tuberculosis 2016
... advances on pathogenic mycobacteria that are presently gained by new powerful technologies and sophisticated approaches linked to the domains of genomics, genetics, cell biology, structural biology, medicinal chemistry and/or immunology and how these advances might be used to cope with the enormous ...
... advances on pathogenic mycobacteria that are presently gained by new powerful technologies and sophisticated approaches linked to the domains of genomics, genetics, cell biology, structural biology, medicinal chemistry and/or immunology and how these advances might be used to cope with the enormous ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus), in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption, is a widespread, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.The classic symptoms of active TB infection are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (the last of these giving rise to the formerly common term for the disease, ""consumption""). Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms. Diagnosis of active TB relies on radiology (commonly chest X-rays), as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or blood tests. Treatment is difficult and requires administration of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Household, workplace and social contacts are also screened and treated if necessary. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infections. Prevention relies on early detection and treatment of cases and on screening programs and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.One-third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million chronic cases were active globally, while in 2013, an estimated 9 million new cases occurred. In 2013 there were between 1.3 and 1.5 million associated deaths, most of which occurred in developing countries. The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2006, and new cases have decreased since 2002. The rate of tuberculosis in different areas varies across the globe; about 80% of the population in many Asian and African countries tests positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5–10% of the United States population tests positive. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system, largely due to high rates of HIV infection and the corresponding development of AIDS.