Lecture 1 Definition of epidemiology as a science
... The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 killed 25 million in Europe over 5 years (estimated to be between 25 and 50% of the populations of Europe, Asia, and Africa - the world population at the time was 500 million). The introduction of smallpox, measles, and typhus to the areas of Central and South America ...
... The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 killed 25 million in Europe over 5 years (estimated to be between 25 and 50% of the populations of Europe, Asia, and Africa - the world population at the time was 500 million). The introduction of smallpox, measles, and typhus to the areas of Central and South America ...
The Salvation Army Bridge Programme
... Staff must use standard precautions as part of their daily routine. This means staff should assume that all clients, residents and staff are potentially infected and therefore use standard precautions. This is particularly important when there is potential to come into contact with; any body fluid ...
... Staff must use standard precautions as part of their daily routine. This means staff should assume that all clients, residents and staff are potentially infected and therefore use standard precautions. This is particularly important when there is potential to come into contact with; any body fluid ...
Disease challenges facing the livestock industry in - IFAH
... Vector-borne zoonotic diseases: West Nile fever (WNF) ...
... Vector-borne zoonotic diseases: West Nile fever (WNF) ...
Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases
... B. Mode of transmission – respiratory droplets, type b and c are highly infectious C. Symptoms – fever, stiff neck and headache, sometimes a rash – not too alarming at first, but can rapidly progress to convulsions and coma D. Rapid diagnosis is essential, so antibiotic can be given before CNS damag ...
... B. Mode of transmission – respiratory droplets, type b and c are highly infectious C. Symptoms – fever, stiff neck and headache, sometimes a rash – not too alarming at first, but can rapidly progress to convulsions and coma D. Rapid diagnosis is essential, so antibiotic can be given before CNS damag ...
Reporting Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
... because reported cases were few and isolated; by the end of February 2003 SARS was known to have a high infection rate among those in close contact with infected persons and to be severe. These characteristics led governments to work on limiting its spread even before its physical cause had been ide ...
... because reported cases were few and isolated; by the end of February 2003 SARS was known to have a high infection rate among those in close contact with infected persons and to be severe. These characteristics led governments to work on limiting its spread even before its physical cause had been ide ...
ImmunIsatIon Is for lIfe
... urine, light faeces and jaundice (yellow colouring of the whites of the eyes and skin) with weakness, tiredness, poor appetite, nausea and/or vomiting, stomach pain, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain. yyMost people recover but some develop chronic hepatitis, which can lead to liver failure and canc ...
... urine, light faeces and jaundice (yellow colouring of the whites of the eyes and skin) with weakness, tiredness, poor appetite, nausea and/or vomiting, stomach pain, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain. yyMost people recover but some develop chronic hepatitis, which can lead to liver failure and canc ...
and was responsible for 150,000 reported cases and 5,000 deaths
... stick injuries or from an infected mother to her baby around the time of birth. Incubation Period The average incubation period is 2-3 months (range 6 weeks to 6 months). Period of infectivity Patients may be infectious one week before the onset of symptoms and may remain infectious through the acut ...
... stick injuries or from an infected mother to her baby around the time of birth. Incubation Period The average incubation period is 2-3 months (range 6 weeks to 6 months). Period of infectivity Patients may be infectious one week before the onset of symptoms and may remain infectious through the acut ...
Infectious disease
... • Acute contagious disease caused by the influenza virus. • Respiratory tract infection, but symptoms felt throughout entire body. • Epidemics occur seasonally with low fatality; more deadly pandemics occur several times each century. • Highly changeable virus that can infect multiple species, inclu ...
... • Acute contagious disease caused by the influenza virus. • Respiratory tract infection, but symptoms felt throughout entire body. • Epidemics occur seasonally with low fatality; more deadly pandemics occur several times each century. • Highly changeable virus that can infect multiple species, inclu ...
Dorsal Ventral
... – A solution that is applied to the surface of skin to prevent infections and growth of microorganisms ...
... – A solution that is applied to the surface of skin to prevent infections and growth of microorganisms ...
Chapter 17 - Mrs. Eggleston
... develop, blindness may result – Treatment: isolation, antibiotics, sulfa drugs – Prevention: control flies and insects; vaccinations are now available ...
... develop, blindness may result – Treatment: isolation, antibiotics, sulfa drugs – Prevention: control flies and insects; vaccinations are now available ...
Lung and AIDS: radiological pictures
... the cases) and severe during the course of HIV infection. •They can occur at every phase of the evolution: from the beginning of AIDS until death. •The respiratory diseases are numerous : infectious <= immunodepression tumourous others • The ARV have modified the situation in wealthy countries, a ...
... the cases) and severe during the course of HIV infection. •They can occur at every phase of the evolution: from the beginning of AIDS until death. •The respiratory diseases are numerous : infectious <= immunodepression tumourous others • The ARV have modified the situation in wealthy countries, a ...
transplantation
... Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) What’s so bad about having these autoantibodies? ...
... Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) What’s so bad about having these autoantibodies? ...
Physiology - Cloudfront.net
... between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body’s primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections. • BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a pe ...
... between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body’s primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections. • BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a pe ...
M. pneumoniae
... Complement fixation test : high falsepositive rate ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG Abs, ...
... Complement fixation test : high falsepositive rate ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG Abs, ...
Official Press Release: When and In Whom to Initiate HCV Therapy
... Hepatitis C Guidance Underscores the Importance of Treating HCV Infection: Panel Recommends Direct-Acting Drugs for Nearly All Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Experts at the American Association for the Study for Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) have upd ...
... Hepatitis C Guidance Underscores the Importance of Treating HCV Infection: Panel Recommends Direct-Acting Drugs for Nearly All Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Experts at the American Association for the Study for Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) have upd ...
BACTERIAL DISEASES (OTHER THAN MYCOPLASMA)
... Salmonella are responsible for a number of diseases in humans. In addition to causing typhoid fever, infection can present as acute diarrhea or in more severe cases as septicemia, meningitis, reactive arthritis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. With respect to the gastroenteritis, the incubation per ...
... Salmonella are responsible for a number of diseases in humans. In addition to causing typhoid fever, infection can present as acute diarrhea or in more severe cases as septicemia, meningitis, reactive arthritis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. With respect to the gastroenteritis, the incubation per ...
Malaria
... • Also the most lethal of all 5 species. • The mosquito is a vector because it does not cause malaria itself, but it spreads the pathogen from host to host. ...
... • Also the most lethal of all 5 species. • The mosquito is a vector because it does not cause malaria itself, but it spreads the pathogen from host to host. ...
Document
... second stage (also known as secondary syphilis), if untreated, resolves within 2 to 6 weeks or the infection could go on to the third stage (called the latent or late stages of syphilis), as long as 30 years later. One-third of untreated patients with third-stage infections end up with chronic manif ...
... second stage (also known as secondary syphilis), if untreated, resolves within 2 to 6 weeks or the infection could go on to the third stage (called the latent or late stages of syphilis), as long as 30 years later. One-third of untreated patients with third-stage infections end up with chronic manif ...
Morbidity and Mortality Due to Fungal Infections Abstract
... fungal infections may range from 3 months to 27 years [2]. The onset of mycotic disease may be acute, sub-acute and chronic, and can occur in sporadic as well as epidemic form [6]. Mycoses are responsible for high morbidity as well as mortality both in developed and developing nations (Table 1). Der ...
... fungal infections may range from 3 months to 27 years [2]. The onset of mycotic disease may be acute, sub-acute and chronic, and can occur in sporadic as well as epidemic form [6]. Mycoses are responsible for high morbidity as well as mortality both in developed and developing nations (Table 1). Der ...
Okinawa Communicable Diseases Statement 2017
... the disease, tuberculosis became the first across the world, recently exceeding that from HIV infection. In 2015, 10.4 million people newly developed tuberculosis, and 1.8 million died from this disease. Although the number of patients with tuberculosis is tending to decrease slowly, it remains prev ...
... the disease, tuberculosis became the first across the world, recently exceeding that from HIV infection. In 2015, 10.4 million people newly developed tuberculosis, and 1.8 million died from this disease. Although the number of patients with tuberculosis is tending to decrease slowly, it remains prev ...
Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases are a medically diverse group of tropical infections which are especially common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Different organizations define the set of diseases differently. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impact of these diseases as a group is comparable to malaria and tuberculosis. Some of these diseases have known preventive measures or acute medical treatments which are available in the developed world but which are not universally available in poorer areas. In some cases, the treatments are relatively inexpensive. For example, the treatment for schistosomiasis is USD $0.20 per child per year. Nevertheless, control of neglected diseases is estimated to require funding of between US$2 billion to US$3 billion over the next five to seven years.These diseases are contrasted with the big three diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), which generally receive greater treatment and research funding. The neglected diseases can also make HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis more deadly. However, some pharmaceutical companies have committed to donating all the drug therapies required, and mass drug administration (for example mass deworming) has been successfully accomplished in several countries.Seventeen neglected tropical diseases are prioritized by WHO. These diseases are common in 149 countries, affecting more than 1.4 billion people (including more than 500 million children) and costing developing economies billions of dollars every year. They resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 –down from 204,000 deaths in 1990. Of these 17, two are targeted for eradication (dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) by 2015 and yaws by 2020) and four for elimination (blinding trachoma, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and lymphatic filariasis by 2020).