Download File - Tompkins High School Health

HEALTH FINAL REVIEW
CHAPTER 1 – LEADING A HEALTHY LIFE

In the past, deaths were caused mainly by ____________________ diseases. Today, most
health problems are related to the way we live, or our __________________.

All health problems have risk factors, but _____ _____ ___________ controllable risk factors.

The major cause of death for adults over the age of 65 is __________ _____________.

The major cause of death for adults between 19 and 65 is ____________.

The major causes of deaths for teens are __________ ______________ ________________,
homicides, suicide, and other accidents.

The major cause of death for ____________ and ____________ is motor vehicle accidents.

Health is the state of ________-___________in which all components of health are in balance.

The 6 components of health: _____________, ______________, __________, __________,
_______________, and ______________________.

You can take charge of your wellness through your_______________, through your
________________, and through your _________________.
CHAPTER 2 – SKILLS FOR A HEALTHY LIFE

Practicing the ten life skills will help improve your ____________:
o Assessing your ____________
o _________________________ Effectively
o Practicing ________________
o ____________
o Being a Wise ________________
o Evaluating ___________ Messages
o Using Community _________________
o Making __________ Decisions
o Practicing _____________ Skills
o Setting ___________

You can use life skills when you ______health products, make ________________, deal with
________, build ______________________, and improve many aspects of your health.

The five steps of the Making GREAT Decisions model are:
o (1) ________ thought to the problem
o (2) ____________ your choices
o (3) ________________ the consequences of each decision
o (4) ____________ and choose the best choice
o (5) ___________ it over afterward

If you make a wrong decision, ________ and take responsibility for it. __________ about
talking to a trusted adult to help you correct the situation. ____ and do your best to
______________ the problem.

Influence by family, friends, or media can be ________________ or _______________.

Direct pressure can include: ______________, _________________, explanation, put-downs,
______________ & ______________.

Indirect pressure can include: ____, __________, ___________________, ________ models,
______________ people, and ____________ people.

A ______________ __________ is a strategy to avoid doing something you don’t want to do.

____________________ refusal skills can help you say no to peer pressure.

Short-term goals can be achieved in ________ or __________. Long-term goals may take
____________ or __________.

The 6 S’s for setting goals are ________, ______________, ______________, ___________,
______________, and ________________.

An ____________ ________ is a set of directions that can help you reach your goal.
CHAPTER 3 – SELF-ESTEEM & MENTAL HEALTH

People who have high self-esteem respect _________________ and ____________, reach
their goals, ______________ from disappointment, and feel ________________ to family,
friends, and community.

Our self-esteem is influenced by the ________________ we receive about ourselves.

You can improve your self-esteem by using ________________, acting with _____________,
choosing ____________________ friends, and __________________ yourself.

________________________ is very important to avoid misunderstandings, building our
relationships, and expressing our feelings.

Assertive communication is the most effective way to communicate because it is ___________
and _________________ to others.

Good speaking skills: be aware of your voice _____________, ________, & ___________.
Use “I” messages.

Good listening skills: maintain eye ____________, nod your head, paraphrasing.

Misunderstandings can happen if your body language communicates a ________________
message than what you say.

People with _______________ mental health have high self-esteem, meet the daily
challenges, and develop healthy relationships.

Five stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are: 1) _____________ stage; 2) ___________
stage 3) ___________ stage; 4) ___________ stage; 5) self-actualization

______________ mechanisms are often ineffective ways of dealing with unpleasant emotions.

A mental disorder is an illness of the ________ that affects _____________, _____________,
and ________ which makes dealing with everyday routines difficult.

Learning the symptoms of mental disorders is important to identify the disorder and get help.

Many mental disorders can be caused by __________, by ___________, by physical
_____________, or by traumatic experiences.
CHAPTER 4 – MANAGING STRESS & COPING WITH LOSS

Stress is our body’s and mind’s response to a __________ – anything you see as threatening.

The __________-____-__________ response is your body’s physical response to help you
deal with a stressor.

Eustress is _______________ stress and can motivate and energize a person to reach a goal.

Distress is ______________ stress and can make a person sick or keep a person from
reaching a goal.

If your body is under stress for a long period of time, you may become exhausted and may
develop a stress-related ______________.

You can learn to ______ by practicing deep breathing exercises & tension-releasing exercises.

Assets and skills or resources that can help a person build ______________ against stressors.

A positive attitude about potentially ________________ situations can help you relieve stress.

You can manage your time more effectively by listing projects by ____________ (importance),
knowing your ____________, and making a _______________.

________ may cause the same emotional & physical effects that characterize stress.

Stages of the grieving process: ____________, ___________, _________________,
____________________, & ___________________.

Funerals, wakes, & memorial services can help you ____________ the loss of a loved one and
receive ____________________ support from family and friends.

Sharing __________________ of the deceased can help that friend deal with loss.

Learning facts about suicide can prevent developing ____________ about suicide and can
help ____________ suicide.

Suicide is the _________ leading cause of death in people ages 15 – 24.

Warning signs of suicide: giving away _______________ things, feeling _______________, &
_________________ too much.

Take _____ talk of suicide seriously. Suggest that your friend talk to a trusted __________.
Don’t keep talk of suicide a ______________.
CHAPTER 5 – PREVENTING VIOLENCE & ABUSE

Being exposed to violence can make people __________, _________________________ to
others, and more likely to use _______________ themselves.

Factors leading to violence: feeling ___________________, not managing ____________,
not showing _______________ for others, _____________, and __________.

Avoid dangerous situations by recognizing signs: _____________ things down, leaving the
_______________, offering alternatives, avoiding _________, and avoiding ______________.

Conflict resolution skills, such as negotiation and peer mediation, are effective, ____________
ways to deal with arguments.

Two ways to protect yourself from bullying: being _______________ and asking for _______.

To help you avoid abusive people: be able to identify disrespectful and inconsiderate behavior
such as _______________, __________________, and excessive _________________.

4 types of abuse: child abuse, ___________ violence, _________ abuse, and ___________.

Besides physical injury, some effects of abuse are: __________________, low self-esteem
__________, __________, anxiety, distrust, and difficulty developing relationships.

Many abused people turn to __________ or _________.

Creating a ______________________ network, avoiding disrespectful people, being assertive
and showing disapproval will help you protect yourself from abuse.

Victims of abuse should tell a trusted ________, go somewhere _______, and get counseling.

Sexual abuse is any physical sexual act that happens without one’s ______________. It can
cause physical and emotional trauma.

Sexual harassment is unwanted sexual attention, such as telling offensive __________,
staring at someone’s ________, or touching people in ___________ ways.

Most rapes are committed by someone the victim _____________.

A few ways you can protect yourself from sexual abuse and violence are keeping your house
____________ up, not going out __________, and avoiding disrespectful people.

If someone has been sexually assaulted, he or she should find ___________, call for _______,
not clean up, report the incident to the ___________, and seek counseling.
CHAPTER 7 – NUTRITION FOR LIFE

Foods have ___ classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, & water.

Carbohydrates (including sugars and starches) are the body’s main __________ source.

Essential __________ _______ are needed by the body to make proteins that provide
structure and regulation and in some cases, energy.

Fat is a concentrated source of energy that is _____________________ in the diet.

Fiber is important for healthy __________________.

Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol _____________________ the risk of heart disease.

Vitamins and minerals are found in all foods in _______________ amounts.

A well-planned _______ can meet all your vitamin and mineral needs.

Too little ______________ in the diet early in life increases the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

The body is about ________ water. Lost water must be replaced to maintain health.

Increasing intake of low-fat _________ products and calcium-fortified foods can help meet
calcium needs.

The RDSs (Recommended Daily Allowances) are nutrient intakes that are sufficient to meet
the needs of almost all ___________________ people.

The Nutrition Facts section of a food __________ provides information on how much energy
and the nutrients provided by a serving of a food.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a set of recommendations on ________ and
__________________ that are designed to promote health, to support active lives, and to
reduce chronic disease risk.

Healthy snacks such as fresh ___________, low-fat __________, or low-salt pretzels, provide
a good source of essential nutrients without excessive Calories and fat.

As children grow, their total nutrient & energy needs _____________ and are the greatest in
the teen years.

Athletes need a well balanced diet that is higher in ___________ and ____________ than the
diet of a less active person.
CHAPTER 8 – WEIGHT MANAGEMENT & EATING BEHAVIORS

What you eat and how much you eat are affected by your hunger and your ______________.

Personal choices as well as friends, traditions, __________ background, availability of food,
and _____________________ affect food choices.

Your body _____________ is affected by your food intake and by your activity levels.

Eating _______________________ every day is important for good health.

Being ____________________________ or obese increases the risk of heart disease,
diabetes, cancer, & other chronic illnesses.

_________ you inherit from your parents & your lifestyle choices determine body size & shape.

_______ _______ ________:weight in relation to height that is used to assess healthy body
weight.

Keeping body weight in the healthy range requires a plan that encourages _______________
food choices and good ________________ habits.

Fad diets may cause initial weight loss but can be dangerous and do not promote
______________ for long-term weight management.

Individuals with eating disorders often have a ________________ body image.

Eating disorders are more common in teenage girls, especially ____________________ who
have a _______ self-image, and in athletes who must restrict their weight.

Anorexia nervosa is an overwhelming _______ of gaining weight and can result in selfstarvation.

Bulimia nervosa involves frequent _____________ & _____________, which can cause many
health problems.

Eating disorders should be _________________ and ______________ early to avoid longterm health problems.

Diarrhea causes water loss and can result in __________________, which is very dangerous,
especially to children and the elderly.

A food allergy involves a reaction by the body’s ____________ system to particular foods.

Proper handling and ______________ of food can prevent a food-borne illness.
CHAPTER 9 – UNDERSTANDING DRUGS AND MEDICINES

A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or emotional
______________.

The term drug can refer either to a _______________ or to a drug of ___________.

Drugs come from _____________ and are also created in _____________________.

Medicines are considered safe and effective when they have tolerable side effects.

Drugs can enter the body in many ways, including by ________________, _______________,
transdermal application, injection, as well as topically and through implanted pumps.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the government agency that regulates the
___________ and _______________________ of medicines.

A doctor’s prescription is needed to get medicines that treat _____________ health conditions
or that are very _________________ drugs.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines usually ___________ symptoms rather than cure diseases.

Some medicines can cause ____________ reactions or side effects or can ________
negatively with other medicines.

Health claims made about ___________ remedies and dietary supplements do not have to be
not backed by scientific research.

Areas of the brain called the brain reward system are involved in feelings of ______________.
These are stimulated by ______________ _____ drugs of abuse.

Drugs that affect your emotions do so by changing the way ____________ send and receive
neurotransmitters.

Addiction can develop from drug use because drugs change the way the ___________ works.

The unpleasant physical and mental effects of _______________ can keep an addiction going.

Addiction is a _________ disorder. Treating an addict involves helping the addict get over his
or her ______________ dependence, learning new ___________________ to stay drug free,
and understanding the _______________ that the drug use started.

The majority of teens do ______ use illegal drugs.
CHAPTER 10 - ALCOHOL

Alcohol is a __________________ drug that has serious short-term & long-term effects on the
body & brain.

Short-term effects of alcohol on the body include nausea, loss of body heat, dehydration, loss
of _______________, reduced reaction time, _____________ loss, coma, and even _______.

Long-term effects of alcohol use include heart damage, several kinds of ___________, liver
damage, kidney damage, and __________ damage.

Alcohol changes the brain in ways that lead to and ________________ addiction.

Alcoholism causes a person to lose control of his or her drinking ____________________.

Alcoholism develops in 4 stages: ____________ drinking, _________________,
___________________, and _____________________.

Warning signs of alcoholism include: drinking _______ in order to feel the _________ effect;
drinking _________; drinking to get _________; and ________________ one’s friends,
personal habits, and interests.

Alcoholism is a disease that affects the entire ________________.

If a pregnant woman drinks, her unborn child can suffer from _______ alcohol syndrome-FAS.

Alcoholism affects society in many ways: increased ______________ and crime, lower
_______________ performance and productivity, and increased medical problems.

Alcoholism can be ______________. People who recover from alcoholism can lead happy,
healthy lives.

Motor vehicle accidents are the No. ___ cause of death among teens. The majority of these
deaths are ______________ _______________.

It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to ___________ alcohol.

Teens caught with alcohol can be charged with _________ in possession, driving under the
influence, or public intoxication.

Alcohol use has many __________________ effects on a teen’s future, including a _________
record, unwanted sexual activity, unplanned _________________, ______, rape, _________,
injury, and ___________.

The best way to protect yourself & your future from the danger of alcohol is to ______ drink.

Practice saying “No” and don’t put yourself in _____________ where alcohol may be present.

Teens can become involved in Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) to help
educate other teens about the ____________ of drinking alcohol.
CHAPTER 11 - TOBACCO

There are many kinds of tobacco products: cigarettes, _____, snuff, _________, bidis,
kreteks, and pipe tobacco.

All forms of tobacco are dangerous, because they all contain many harmful _______________
and ________________ including: nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, cyanide, and formaldehyde.

Nicotine can enter the body through the _________, the ________, and the _______.

Herbal cigarettes are ____ more healthy and are just as dangerous as conventional cigarettes.

It is very hard to quit using tobacco products because nicotine is a highly ________________.

Short-term effects of tobacco – increased _________ rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate,
as well as a reduction in the amount of oxygen reaching the ________.

Long-term tobacco use leads to oral and lung __________, bronchitis, emphysema, heart
disease, artery disease, and other health problems.

People who breathe environmental tobacco (second-hand) smoke are exposed to the _______
dangerous chemicals as smokers.

Smoking while pregnant can lead to several kinds of problems for the infant including
miscarriage, developmental difficulties, and SIDS – _________________________________.

People begin smoking for many reasons: ____ ___ with friends; it seems normal after
growing up around others who smoke; wanting to look _______.

Using tobacco is ______________. It costs families and society billions of dollars each year in
_____________________ and lost _________________.

Quitting smoking can be _____________________ but there are steps that can make it easier.

Practice ______________ skills, saying “No”, to make it easier to resist the pressure to smoke.

Many benefits of being tobacco free – looking _______________, feeling _______________,
and living _____________.

Choosing to live without tobacco dramatically improves a person’s _______________ of life.
CHAPTER 12 – ILLEGAL DRUGS

Illegal drug use results in many risks: including ______________, damage to the _________
and body; the contraction of ____________; ___________; violent crime; and overdose.

People who try drugs often end up abusing drugs because most drugs are highly __________.

People begin using drugs for many reasons including _______ _______________.

Teens can be under a lot of pressure to use drugs. Teens have a higher risk for addiction
because their brains are still ________________ rapidly.

ALL illegal drugs affect the __________, are __________________ to a person’s health, and
can result in abuse and addiction.

Marijuana causes loss of ______________________, disorientation, loss of sense of _______
and ________________, drowsiness, and several other effects.

Huffing inhalants damages many body _______: brain, liver, kidneys, bone marrow, & bladder.

Club drugs are addictive and can cause ____________ damage and ____________.

Look-alike drugs are especially dangerous because there is no way to know ______ is in them.

Anabolic steroids are used to increase muscle mass, but they have very _______ side effects.

Many types of illegal drugs have medical uses, but are _____________ if they are used
without a doctor’s supervision.

Stimulants such as methamphetamines and ___________ are highly addictive and dangerous.

Depressants are highly ________________ and dangerous drugs.

Hallucinogens such as LSD and PCP are dangerous drugs because their effects on the brain
are so _____________________________.

Intravenous heroin use is a major factor in the ____________ of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

Drug abuse hurts the individual addict and damages relationships with ___________ & friends.

Drug abuse damages a __________ exposed to illegal drugs in the womb.

Drug abuse costs society billions of dollars every year in ______________ costs, injuries,
accidents, lost productivity, and ___________

Practicing ______________ skills can help you avoid the dangers of drug abuse and addiction.
CHAPTER 13 – PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

An infectious disease is any disease that is caused by an ________ that has invaded the body.

Infectious diseases can be caused by several kinds of pathogens, such as _______________,
_____________, __________, protozoa, or ________________.

Infectious diseases can be spread from one person to another or through _____________,
____________, the environment, or animals.

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but antibiotics ________ work to treat viruses.

Antibiotic ____________________ is a growing problem that is a threat to everyone’s health.

The body’s first line of defense against pathogens includes the ________, ______________
membranes, and body ________________.

Inflammation protects your body from pathogens that cross the body’s first line of defense.
The injured area _____________ and turns ______.

The immune system uses immune cells to target and kill _______________ pathogens.

Eating a balanced diet, reducing stress, exercising regularly, and keeping up to date on all
your vaccinations are ways to help __________________ health.

When you’re sick, stay home, ________, and follow directions of your doctor.

Being vaccinated, washing ___________ frequently, and not sharing personal items help
prevent the spread of disease.

Infectious diseases affect ______________, but are especially dangerous to the young and
the elderly.

Bacteria are found everywhere and are a common cause of disease. __________ throat,
salmonella, and ____________ infections are common bacterial diseases.

Although there are ___ cures for many viral diseases, rest and fluids can help speed recovery.
The common ______, ____, hepatitis, mononucleosis, and chicken pox are caused by viruses.

Increases in _________ __________ and poverty in many parts of the world have made it
more difficult for doctors to fight infectious diseases.

Public health organizations work to control or ________________ diseases.
CHAPTER 14 – LIFESTYLE DISEASES

Lifestyle diseases are caused in part by a person’s lifestyle which includes ______________
and __________________.

Many _______ ____________, some controllable and some uncontrollable, contribute to a
person’s chances of developing a lifestyle disease.

_______________ risk factors: diet, physical activity, smoking, sun exposure, & body weight.

Uncontrollable risk factors: ______, ____________, _____________, and _________.

People who inherit a tendency for a lifestyle disease can still do a lot to _____________ their
chances of developing such a disease.

A person’s lifestyle influences their chances of developing __________________________
diseases such as strokes, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and atherosclerosis.

Many treatment options for cardiovascular disease: _______, exercise, medicine, and surgery.

Eating _______________, avoiding smoking, exercising, and regular blood pressure and
cholesterol checks can help prevent cardiovascular disease.

Cancer occurs when cells divide ____________________. Certain “damaged” genes can
make a person more likely to develop cancer. Exposure to viruses, radioactivity, ultraviolet
radiation, and tobacco _________________ genes.

Many types of cancer and each has its own ________________________.

Early detection and treatment of cancer can increase a person’s chances of ______________.

Not smoking, protecting your skin from the sun, following a balanced diet, staying active, and
getting regular medical checkups help ___________ your chances of developing cancer.

Diabetes occurs when cells are unable to obtain ______________ from the blood so that high
blood-glucose levels result.

Type 1 diabetes is believed to be caused by an _______________________ response.

Type 2 diabetes is usually the result of ________________ choices.

There is ____ __________ for diabetes, but lifestyle changes can medicines can often keep
the disorder under control.

The best way to prevent diabetes is to take control of the risk factors that you can change,
such as diet, exercise, and ________________.
CHAPTER 15 – OTHER DISEASES & DISABILITIES

Hereditary diseases are caused by defective genes inherited from one or both ____________.

Hereditary diseases can be the result of a single-gene _______________, or the mutation of
several genes, or chromosome ___________________.

Complex diseases have both ___________ and lifestyle risk factors such as: cardiovascular
disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes.

Receiving genetic counseling and keeping personal health records can make coping with
hereditary diseases easier.

Immune disorders can occur when the immune system does not _______________ normally.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system ____________ the cells of the body it
normally protects.

Allergies and asthma are ________________ disorders.

Allergies are caused by an immune response to a _______________ substance. An asthma
attack is an allergic reaction when a person’s airways ___________ and become swollen.

Disabilities are physical or mental __________________ or _____________________ that
interfere with a person’s normal activities.

A lifetime of excessive noise can destroy the sound receptor cells in the ear, leading to
_________________.

The Americans with Disabilities Act has made American society more ___________________
to people with disabilities.

____________________ people is one way to help create a positive environment for people
with disabilities.
CHAPTER 16 – ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD

Changes in ________________ levels mark the beginning of puberty.

Puberty involves many __________________ changes, some are unique to boys or girls

As teens mature, they begin to think in a more _____________ and sophisticated manner.

Adolescence is a process of gradually accepting more ______________________ for one’s
behaviors, thought, and feelings.

Mental maturity allows adolescents to see life from another person’s ___________________,
and not simply from their own. This maturity helps them ___________________ others.

During adolescence, teens’ _____________________ change as more is expected from them.

Working outside the home requires a high level of _______________ and ________________
on the part of the teen.

Young adulthood is a time marked by increased ________________________.

Young adults can exert great influence over all areas of their health and can reduce their risk
of developing diseases by making healthy ______________ choices.

During middle adulthood, the different aspects of adults’ lives become more stable. This
stability allows for greater focus on their ______ and ___________.

With the increased financial responsibilities of middle adulthood also comes ______________
from ___________________ for others.

Moving from young adulthood into older adulthood involves many __________, ___________,
and __________________ changes.

Keeping physically, mentally, and socially _____________ can ensure that older adulthood is
an enjoyable time marked by good health.

The older adult years can be a time of great _____________________, productivity, and
wisdom. Aging is a natural process that should be viewed ___________________.
CHAPTER 17 – MARRIAGE, PARENTHOOD, & FAMILIES

Love, commitment, compromise, and communication are _____________________ to
developing a healthy marriage.

Couples should use the engagement period to ask _________________ & make
______________ about the commitment of marriage.

Teen marriages are often extremely ______________ because the teen years involve many
dramatic changes.

Lack of communication, unfulfilled expectations, and different financial goals are common
causes of _______________.

Although parental divorce and remarriage affect many teens, it is important for teens to
_____________ the situation, avoid ______________ themselves, and to use healthy
strategies to ________ with their feelings.

Parenting requires commitment, love, discipline, and _______________.

Parents are responsible for the physical and emotional needs of their children from before
__________ through the teen years.

Discipline provides __________________ for children.

It is important for parents to be supportive of their children, especially during the ______ years.

Because children learn from their parents, parents’ behavior greatly ______________ children.

Families provide guidance and support, help develop family members’ identities, and instill
_____________ ____________.

Healthy family relationships are developed through effective communication, respect,
commitment, and _________.

It is important that all family members try to work together to __________ family problems.
CHAPTER 18 – REPRODUCTION, PREGNANCY, & DEVELOPMENT

The role of the male reproductive system is to produce ___________ and deliver it to the
female reproductive system.

The penis deposits ___________ into the reproductive tract of the female to bring about
fertilization of an egg. The penis also provides passage for the __________ to leave the body.

The ___________ are the primary organs of the male reproductive system. They produce
both ____________ and the male hormone ______________________.

The role of the female reproductive system is to make _______ and to provide a place to
support and nourish a developing ________.

The _______________ are the primary organs of the female reproductive system. They
produce eggs and the female hormones ____________ and ______________________.

The menstrual cycle functions to _______________ and release a mature egg each month
and to _____________ a female’s body for pregnancy.

The joining of an egg from a female and a sperm from a male - _______________________ begins the process of a pregnancy and the development of a new human life.

Development of a baby occurs over 3 _________________, or 9 months. All of the major
body structures are formed by the end of the first trimester.

Maintaining a healthy ______, ______________ alcohol, tobacco and drugs, doing moderate,
_________________ taking prenatal vitamins, and seeing a doctor on a regular basis are very
important to have a healthy pregnancy and baby.
CHAPTER 19 – BUILDING RESPONSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS

The benefits of dating include learning to treat each other with _____________, learning how
to ___________________ more effectively, and providing emotional _____________ during
difficult times.

Characteristics of a good dating partner include __________________, _________________,
tolerance, and good __________ values.

Being prompt, courteous, polite, and observing parents’ dating rules are all examples of good
___________ __________________.

Having good character and treating others well are two things that you can do to maintain a
healthy relationship with your partner.

Abstinence is defined as the conscious decision not to participate in _______________ activity
and the skills to support that decision.

By avoiding all sexual activities, an adolescent does not risk becoming ______________ or
being __________________ with a sexually transmitted disease.

Some of the benefits of practicing abstinence are that teens can have less ________________
relationships and having an increased sense of self-control and self-respect.

Abstinence can help teens achieve their ________ by freeing them to pursue their
______________ and their relationships with their _____________.

Internal and external _______________ can cause teens to become sexually active.

Situations that create pressure to become sexually active should be avoided. Those situations
include using _________ ___ _____________ and dating someone who does not share your
commitment to abstinence.

You can refuse someone’s sexual advances both ____________ and ___________________.

Risk factors for sexual activity include using alcohol or drugs, dating someone considerably
__________ than you are, and having sexually active friends.

A good relationship with your ______________, involvement in school activities, and your own
morals are protective factors that help you remain abstinent.

There are many ways to show someone you ____ about them that don’t involve sexual activity.
CHAPTER 20 – RISKS OF ADOLESCENT SEXUAL ACTIVITY

The risks of being sexually active include ___________ and ____________________
consequences, unplanned ___________________, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Teen parents must make social, personal, educational, and financial ___________________.

Babies born to teen mothers are more likely to suffer from _______________ problems.

The risks of teen sexual activity can be avoided by practicing ______________________.

STDs are spreading at an ____________________ rate among teens and young adults.

High-risk behaviors for getting STDs include being sexually ____________, having more than
_______ sexual partner, and using alcohol or ________.

Teenagers are at a greater risk for contracting an STD than are adults because of their
___________________. Also, teen bodies may not fight infections as well as the bodies of
healthy _______________.

Teens can protect themselves from STDs in several ways: practicing __________________,
staying away from ________________ and _________, and learning the facts about STDs.

STDs can be spread by _____ type of sexual activity. Some STDs are also spread by direct
contact with _______ ________ and from a mother to her ________.

Early detection and treatment of STDs can help prevent serious ____________________ to
ones own health.

Bacterial STDs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and syphilis. Most
bacterial STDs can be cured with ____________________.

Viral STDs: human papilloma virus (HPV), genital herpes, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and
HIV/AIDS. Although the symptoms of many viral STDs can be treated with drugs, _________
________ __________________ be cured.

Pubic lice, scabies, and trichomoniasis infections cause intense itching in the pubic area and
can be cured with _________________.
CHAPTER 21 – HIV AND AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that primarily infects cells of the ____________
system and that causes AIDS.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a __________ disease that results from HIV
infection.

AIDS is a __________-________ epidemic that continues to spread.

Teenagers are one of the fastest-growing groups with HIV and AIDS because they engage in
______-_______behaviors.

HIV primarily infects important cells called __________ __ _______. The number of helper T
cells decreases as HIV increases in the body.

There are three phases of HIV infection. In the early stages of HIV infection, people often do
not know they are infected because they have few or no _______________.

The most common ways HIV is spread is through sexual ____________, through __________
drug injection equipment, and through contact with body fluids from a _____________ to her
baby before or during birth or by breast-feeding.

HIV is not spread by _____________ contact.

Teens are at high risk for HIV infection if they engage in high-risk ________________.

HIV can be prevented by __________________ and avoiding the high-risk behaviors known to
transmit HIV.

If a person has engaged in any behaviors that put him or her at risk for an HIV infection, he or
she should get an HIV-antibody __________.

Although drug combination treatment can slow down the replication of HIV in the body, drugs
____________ cure AIDS.

People living with HIV can __________ the progression from HIV infection to AIDS by getting
treated, eating well, and otherwise taking care of themselves.