Download The Body of Power – STDs in teens

The Body of Power
Combatting the Spread of Sexually
Transmitted Disease in Adolescents
Dr. Kimberly Brodie
Health Behavior Theory
MPH 515
Sara Quale
Dec. 16, 2013
• 1.3 million cases of
chlamydia in 2010
• 309,341 cases of gonorrhea
in 2010
Young women have higher
rates of chlamydia.
• 13,774 cases of syphilis in
2010
• HIV has much higher case
rate among young, black
males
(Stoner and Rother, 2012)
HIV case rates higher in
young, black males.
The problem
Twenty million infections of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur
annually, half in people ages 15-24 (CDC Fact Sheet, 2011). Most common
infections are:
•
Chlamydia
•
Gonorrhea
•
Syphilis
•
HIV
Why teens need help
Prevent lifelong health complications
Individuals who are infected with STDs are 2 to 5 times
more likely than people who aren’t infected to acquire HIV
if they are exposed to HIV during sex.
STDs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic
pregnancy in women and health complications including
infertility in men (CDC Fact Sheet, 2013). STDs also can
spread from mothers to newborns during birth.
STDs can be treated and sometimes cured if caught early.
Younger people are at a greater risk because they aren’t
diagnosed early due to lack of symptoms or they don’t get
screened (CDC Fact Sheet, 2013).
Teens avoid screening
because of fears of
confidentiality or
discussing issue with
parents.
Focuses in
TPB on STDs
•
Teen’s attitude toward
sex
•
Teen’s attitude toward
infections/disease risk
•
Teen’s attitude toward
condom use
•
Parents’ attitude toward
teen sex
•
Peer norms
•
Peer beliefs about safe
sex
•
Facilitating factors and
inhibitors to
abstinence/safe sexual
behaviors and condom
use
Theory of Planned Behavior
Value-expectancy theory
Weighs a person’s attitude, subjective norms and beliefs about efficacy and
self-efficacy toward a behavior to form intention of adopting a health
behavior (DiClemente, Salazar and Crosby, 2103).
Approaches to Sexual Education in Teens
Existing programs
Use of Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior in
combined abstinence and prevention program, “Making Proud Choices”
•
Emphasizes self-efficacy, goal setting, strong attitudes and support for prevention, peer attitudes
and partner belief/support.
•
Favorable results toward more consistent condom use, less unprotected sex
•
Less sexual intercourse among active teens
•
Drawback –opposition from supporters of abstinence only education (Resources Center for
Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, 2007).
“Promoting Health Among Teens! Abstinence only Version”
•
Follows similar model, but omits discussion of safe sex options and condoms
•
Reported reduction in incidence of recent sexual intercourse
•
Criticized as being moralistic and including incorrect information on condom use
•
May be ineffective in teens who are already sexually active (Jemmott, Jemmott, & Font, 2009).
AIDS prevention for Adolescents in School (Health Belief Model)
•
Focused on skills to reduce risk including condom use
•
Successful in increasing monogamy, reduction of multiple drug-using partners and increased
condom use (Walter and Vaughan, n.d.).
Following the
TPB
• The Body of Power uses
the three constructs of the
Theory of Planned Behavior
to help teens adopt healthy
behaviors and prevent the
spread of STDs.
The Body of Power
Program will impact rate of STDs in adolescents by influencing attitudes
toward teen sex, consequences of sex and skills needed to get out of tough
situations.
Personal attitude:
•
Evaluate beliefs toward sex
•
Visualize what it means to be a teen (goals, dreams)
•
Discuss how or if sex fits into those goals and dreams
•
Discuss long-term consequences of STDs
Subjective norms:
•
Parents attitudes toward sex
•
Impacts of STDs on future relationships
The Body of Power
continued
Individual access, achievability and self-efficacy
•
Increase screening availability, health services, medical insurance
•
Improve negotiating skills to say no
•
Increase knowledge of and access to condoms
Implementation channels:
•
Small groups
•
Classroom education
•
Electronic media
•
Testimonials
•
Media spots