Vaccinations - e-Bug
... system to work properly so preventing infection. Another means of assisting our immune system is through vaccinations. Vaccines are used to prevent, NOT treat infection. A vaccine is usually made from weak or inactive versions of the same microbes that make us ill. In some cases, the vaccines are ma ...
... system to work properly so preventing infection. Another means of assisting our immune system is through vaccinations. Vaccines are used to prevent, NOT treat infection. A vaccine is usually made from weak or inactive versions of the same microbes that make us ill. In some cases, the vaccines are ma ...
bacteriophage and viruses-study material-2012
... Only its genetic material (RNA or DNA) is capable of reproduction and that too only in a host cell. It will thus be seen that viruses do not show all the characteristics of typical living organisms. They, however, possess two fundamental characteristics of living systems. Firstly, they contain nucle ...
... Only its genetic material (RNA or DNA) is capable of reproduction and that too only in a host cell. It will thus be seen that viruses do not show all the characteristics of typical living organisms. They, however, possess two fundamental characteristics of living systems. Firstly, they contain nucle ...
Spinal Cord Ventral Horns and Lymphoid Organ Involvement in
... increased. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 60 cases of POWV have been documented in the past 10 years in the USA [13]. POWV encephalitis symptoms start after an incubation period that typically ranges from eight to 34 days after inoculation. Initial si ...
... increased. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 60 cases of POWV have been documented in the past 10 years in the USA [13]. POWV encephalitis symptoms start after an incubation period that typically ranges from eight to 34 days after inoculation. Initial si ...
The Relative Abundance of Deer Mice with Antibody to Sin Nombre
... Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the principal cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the United States and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are its principal rodent host, and thus the natural cycle of the virus is related to the occurrence of HPS. Prevalence of rodent infection appears to be as ...
... Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the principal cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the United States and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are its principal rodent host, and thus the natural cycle of the virus is related to the occurrence of HPS. Prevalence of rodent infection appears to be as ...
prevalence of antibody against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
... infected previously with IBR virus (LUDWIG and GREGERSEN, 1986) . The prevalence of reactors in NTT and NTB were 12.6% and 4.3% respectively. KAHRS (1977) stated that cattle with antibody prevalence between 10% to 96% are potential sources of IBR infection . Sentinel cattle in NTT could therefore be ...
... infected previously with IBR virus (LUDWIG and GREGERSEN, 1986) . The prevalence of reactors in NTT and NTB were 12.6% and 4.3% respectively. KAHRS (1977) stated that cattle with antibody prevalence between 10% to 96% are potential sources of IBR infection . Sentinel cattle in NTT could therefore be ...
Influenza factsheet
... Influenza is infectious and can spread rapidly from person to person. Some strains of virus are more infectious than others, or cause more severe illness. ...
... Influenza is infectious and can spread rapidly from person to person. Some strains of virus are more infectious than others, or cause more severe illness. ...
Ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols
... is also possible that transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions or fomites with oral, conjunctival and nasal mucus membranes because the virus can remain infectious on nonporous dry surfaces for up to 48 hours [16]. Since human infections with 2003 to present year H5N1 influenza vir ...
... is also possible that transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions or fomites with oral, conjunctival and nasal mucus membranes because the virus can remain infectious on nonporous dry surfaces for up to 48 hours [16]. Since human infections with 2003 to present year H5N1 influenza vir ...
P.PSH.0750 qRT-PCR to detect FMD virus dft FR
... scientists to undertake this study. The objectives of this project were to: Confirm the capacity of qRT-PCR to detect FMDV in oral swabs from sheep; Define the onset and duration of detection of FMDV in oral fluid and plasma; Estimate the level of pooling of samples that might be achieved with ...
... scientists to undertake this study. The objectives of this project were to: Confirm the capacity of qRT-PCR to detect FMDV in oral swabs from sheep; Define the onset and duration of detection of FMDV in oral fluid and plasma; Estimate the level of pooling of samples that might be achieved with ...
What Is This Virus Called Hepatitis C?
... Mum – Preferably NOT treated during pregnancy but may be if high viral load – resistance is an issue Infant – Not usually treated due to disease phase, viral resistance , need for further research in children ...
... Mum – Preferably NOT treated during pregnancy but may be if high viral load – resistance is an issue Infant – Not usually treated due to disease phase, viral resistance , need for further research in children ...
Biological Attack - National Academy of Engineering
... and possible loss of life. It is useful to distinguish between two kinds of biological agents: • Transmissible agents that spread from person to person (e.g., smallpox, Ebola) or animal to animal (e.g., foot and mouth disease). • Agents that may cause adverse effects in exposed individuals but that ...
... and possible loss of life. It is useful to distinguish between two kinds of biological agents: • Transmissible agents that spread from person to person (e.g., smallpox, Ebola) or animal to animal (e.g., foot and mouth disease). • Agents that may cause adverse effects in exposed individuals but that ...
NEWS TERRORISM &
... rats and fleas to humans in past centuries resulting in large losses of life, has virtually been wiped out. However, agents used in an aerosol attack may act differently than naturally occurring outbreaks and could produce a form of the disease with a shorter time of onset of illness, making timely ...
... rats and fleas to humans in past centuries resulting in large losses of life, has virtually been wiped out. However, agents used in an aerosol attack may act differently than naturally occurring outbreaks and could produce a form of the disease with a shorter time of onset of illness, making timely ...
Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus
... of these are considered to be principal WNV veetors an intense epizootic, but apparently a low risk for humans (CDC. unpub. data) (23.25.26). In 2001. 57% of the posi- (29). In 2001, moderate to high MIRs in Cx. quinquefastive mosquito pools in the Northeast were Cx. pipiens. the ciatiis (0.5%) and ...
... of these are considered to be principal WNV veetors an intense epizootic, but apparently a low risk for humans (CDC. unpub. data) (23.25.26). In 2001. 57% of the posi- (29). In 2001, moderate to high MIRs in Cx. quinquefastive mosquito pools in the Northeast were Cx. pipiens. the ciatiis (0.5%) and ...
Avian influenza virus, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, severe acute
... includes some viruses isolated from human cases, such as H5N1 infection in a pregnant woman in Anhui Province (Shu et al. 2006). Viruses from Clades 2.4 and 2.5 were from some sporadic cases mainly in the east and central parts of Mainland China and in Japan and Korea (isolates 2003 – 2004). The vir ...
... includes some viruses isolated from human cases, such as H5N1 infection in a pregnant woman in Anhui Province (Shu et al. 2006). Viruses from Clades 2.4 and 2.5 were from some sporadic cases mainly in the east and central parts of Mainland China and in Japan and Korea (isolates 2003 – 2004). The vir ...
hepatitis b
... hepatitis B virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through sexual contact with an infected person or sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment. Hepatitis B can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Hepatitis B is not spread thr ...
... hepatitis B virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through sexual contact with an infected person or sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment. Hepatitis B can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Hepatitis B is not spread thr ...
Vaccinations - e-Bug
... system to work properly so preventing infection. Another means of assisting our immune system is through vaccinations. Vaccines are used to prevent, NOT treat infection. A vaccine is usually made from weak or inactive versions of the same microbes that make us ill. In some cases, the vaccines are ma ...
... system to work properly so preventing infection. Another means of assisting our immune system is through vaccinations. Vaccines are used to prevent, NOT treat infection. A vaccine is usually made from weak or inactive versions of the same microbes that make us ill. In some cases, the vaccines are ma ...
Camellia Viruses - Atlantic Coast Camellia Society
... cultivars are derived from crosses, camellias are by and large asexually propagated. Some cultivars have long histories and have travelled the world. Viruses are graft-transmissible (100%) These statements are important when considering the potential role of viruses and the “diseases” they might cau ...
... cultivars are derived from crosses, camellias are by and large asexually propagated. Some cultivars have long histories and have travelled the world. Viruses are graft-transmissible (100%) These statements are important when considering the potential role of viruses and the “diseases” they might cau ...
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), are suitable for BoHV-1 propagation. Cell cultures can be grown in glass or plastic tubes, plates or dishes. When 24-well plastic plates are used, a 100–200 µl volume of the supernatants described above is inoculated int ...
... established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), are suitable for BoHV-1 propagation. Cell cultures can be grown in glass or plastic tubes, plates or dishes. When 24-well plastic plates are used, a 100–200 µl volume of the supernatants described above is inoculated int ...
Lagos bat virus virulence in mice inoculated by the peripheral route
... in phylogroup II lyssaviruses, probably resulting in their reduced pathogenicity [5]. Amino-acid (aa) substitutions in antigenic site II (aa 34–42 and aa 198–200) of G protein in RABV result in a reduction of pathogenicity in adult mice when inoculated via the i.m. route [17]. When complete N, P, M ...
... in phylogroup II lyssaviruses, probably resulting in their reduced pathogenicity [5]. Amino-acid (aa) substitutions in antigenic site II (aa 34–42 and aa 198–200) of G protein in RABV result in a reduction of pathogenicity in adult mice when inoculated via the i.m. route [17]. When complete N, P, M ...
CBT621: Infectious Disease
... Transmission • Found commonly on human skin, in nose & throat and, less commonly, in colon & in urine • Can infect other tissues when skin or mucosal lining have been breached ...
... Transmission • Found commonly on human skin, in nose & throat and, less commonly, in colon & in urine • Can infect other tissues when skin or mucosal lining have been breached ...
Important of Plant viruses - International Invention Journals
... protein to be produced from the different genes. These are summarised for each genus in the genus description pages but 3 examples here serve to illustrate some of the variety: Genus Potyvirus: in this very large genus, there is one ssRNA component that encodes one large (c. 350 kDa) polyprotein. Th ...
... protein to be produced from the different genes. These are summarised for each genus in the genus description pages but 3 examples here serve to illustrate some of the variety: Genus Potyvirus: in this very large genus, there is one ssRNA component that encodes one large (c. 350 kDa) polyprotein. Th ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
... Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) is a coronavirus, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus. There are many strains of feline coronaviruses. Strains of Feline Coronavirus that cause a mild intestinal disease (diarrhea) are called Feline Enteric Coronavi ...
... Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) is a coronavirus, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus. There are many strains of feline coronaviruses. Strains of Feline Coronavirus that cause a mild intestinal disease (diarrhea) are called Feline Enteric Coronavi ...
Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
... banana chlorosis was identified based on mechanical transmission, insect vector transmission, host range, serology DACELISA detection. The virus was able to transmit mechanically on the plants used in the study very efficiently and produced the systemic and local symptoms characteristic of CMV. In o ...
... banana chlorosis was identified based on mechanical transmission, insect vector transmission, host range, serology DACELISA detection. The virus was able to transmit mechanically on the plants used in the study very efficiently and produced the systemic and local symptoms characteristic of CMV. In o ...
Mumps BOSTON PUBLIC HEALTH COMMISSION | FACT SHEET
... testicles. Rarely a person could have complications such as hearing loss, arthritis, swelling of the ovaries, breast swelling, and heart or kidney problems. The virus may increase the risk of a miscarriage, especially within the first three months of pregnancy. Who can get mumps? Mumps can affect an ...
... testicles. Rarely a person could have complications such as hearing loss, arthritis, swelling of the ovaries, breast swelling, and heart or kidney problems. The virus may increase the risk of a miscarriage, especially within the first three months of pregnancy. Who can get mumps? Mumps can affect an ...
Intern Case Report - Emergency Medicine
... WHO criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever 1. Thrombocytopenia (Platelets < 100,000/cu mm) 2. Evidence of plasma leakage (> 20% rise in hematocrit >20% drop following fluids Signs like pleural effusion, ascites, hypoproteinaema) 3. Signs of hemorrhagic tendencies (Positive tourniquet test Petechie, e ...
... WHO criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever 1. Thrombocytopenia (Platelets < 100,000/cu mm) 2. Evidence of plasma leakage (> 20% rise in hematocrit >20% drop following fluids Signs like pleural effusion, ascites, hypoproteinaema) 3. Signs of hemorrhagic tendencies (Positive tourniquet test Petechie, e ...
Eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
... also amplified in these animals. These viruses can infect wild and laboratory rodents, and cause severe disease in some species (including guinea pigs, mice and hamsters); however, there is no evidence that they are maintained in rodents or other animals between epidemics. Infections have also been ...
... also amplified in these animals. These viruses can infect wild and laboratory rodents, and cause severe disease in some species (including guinea pigs, mice and hamsters); however, there is no evidence that they are maintained in rodents or other animals between epidemics. Infections have also been ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}