Can you catch Ebola from a stork bite? Inductive reasoning
... processes influence the way humans interact with potential zoonosis vectors. One such approach is One Health, which places a major focus on understanding how humananimal interactions impact emerging diseases and developing cost-effective strategies for preventing disease outbreaks before they start ...
... processes influence the way humans interact with potential zoonosis vectors. One such approach is One Health, which places a major focus on understanding how humananimal interactions impact emerging diseases and developing cost-effective strategies for preventing disease outbreaks before they start ...
EVOLUTION AND EMERGENCE OF PLANT VIRUSES
... between biodiversity and disease risk (Keesing et al., 2010). Two major hypotheses, representing extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk. The “Amplification Effect” hypothesis predicts that diversity will be positively correlated with disease risk, as it will result in increased ...
... between biodiversity and disease risk (Keesing et al., 2010). Two major hypotheses, representing extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk. The “Amplification Effect” hypothesis predicts that diversity will be positively correlated with disease risk, as it will result in increased ...
Can you catch Ebola from a stork bite? Inductive reasoning
... processes influence the way humans interact with potential zoonosis vectors. One such approach is One Health, which places a major focus on understanding how humananimal interactions impact emerging diseases and developing cost-effective strategies for preventing disease outbreaks before they start ...
... processes influence the way humans interact with potential zoonosis vectors. One such approach is One Health, which places a major focus on understanding how humananimal interactions impact emerging diseases and developing cost-effective strategies for preventing disease outbreaks before they start ...
West Nile Virus and Greater Sage-Grouse
... and becomes infected. Unfortunately, infection rates in wild populations are difficult to estimate (17,18,21). For that reason, most studies instead report seroprevalence as a surrogate for infection rate (e.g., 1,2,9,11,19,28,33). Drawing inferences regarding exposure based solely on seroprevalence ...
... and becomes infected. Unfortunately, infection rates in wild populations are difficult to estimate (17,18,21). For that reason, most studies instead report seroprevalence as a surrogate for infection rate (e.g., 1,2,9,11,19,28,33). Drawing inferences regarding exposure based solely on seroprevalence ...
Virus demyelination
... 1977). The disease has an insidious onset with behavioral changes, mental deterioration, myoclonus, ataxia, and sometimes seizures and visual disturbances. Progress is variable, remissions may occur, but death usually results within 1 to 3 years. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have high or very ...
... 1977). The disease has an insidious onset with behavioral changes, mental deterioration, myoclonus, ataxia, and sometimes seizures and visual disturbances. Progress is variable, remissions may occur, but death usually results within 1 to 3 years. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have high or very ...
Flu (influenza): Information for patients/residents and visitors of
... Published by HPSC: February 2012 • www.hpsc.ie ...
... Published by HPSC: February 2012 • www.hpsc.ie ...
comparative study between elisa - the journal of the egyptian public
... Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) infection in calves to prevent, control and eradicate the persistently infected animals; so, ELISA, Immuno-diffusion (ID) and Cell bound immuno assay (CBIA) techniques were compared for detection of anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea (antiBVD) antibodies in 240 calves blood sampl ...
... Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) infection in calves to prevent, control and eradicate the persistently infected animals; so, ELISA, Immuno-diffusion (ID) and Cell bound immuno assay (CBIA) techniques were compared for detection of anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea (antiBVD) antibodies in 240 calves blood sampl ...
Serodiagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus
... Gazellinae (Dorcas gazelle), Caprinae (Nubian ibex and Laristan sheep), Hippotraginae (gemsbok) and Capra aegagrus blythi (Sindh Ibex) (Abubakar et al., 2011; Furley et al., 1987). In contrast to rinderpest (RP), which is one the best-known diseases historically, PPR was identified not long ago. The ...
... Gazellinae (Dorcas gazelle), Caprinae (Nubian ibex and Laristan sheep), Hippotraginae (gemsbok) and Capra aegagrus blythi (Sindh Ibex) (Abubakar et al., 2011; Furley et al., 1987). In contrast to rinderpest (RP), which is one the best-known diseases historically, PPR was identified not long ago. The ...
persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in natural
... Transmission of LPAI viruses among wild waterbirds is considered to be mainly by the fecal– oral route, with virus particles excreted from infected birds directly from feces into water and contracted by potential hosts by ingestion of virions in water or on food therein (30). Although no evidence ha ...
... Transmission of LPAI viruses among wild waterbirds is considered to be mainly by the fecal– oral route, with virus particles excreted from infected birds directly from feces into water and contracted by potential hosts by ingestion of virions in water or on food therein (30). Although no evidence ha ...
DISEASE INFORMATION FACT SHEET Feline immunodeficiency virus
... immune response, a rebound of CD8+ lymphocytes above pre-infection levels occurs. This causes an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio that is persistent. Over time, the level of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes may gradually decline, ultimately leading to immunodeficiency in the infected cat. T ...
... immune response, a rebound of CD8+ lymphocytes above pre-infection levels occurs. This causes an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio that is persistent. Over time, the level of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes may gradually decline, ultimately leading to immunodeficiency in the infected cat. T ...
AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VACCINE (LIVE) Vaccinum
... attributable to the vaccine virus. The vaccine virus complies with the test if : — no chicken shows notable clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis or dies from causes attributable to the vaccine virus, — the average ciliostasis score is not more than 25, — at most moderate inflammatory lesion ...
... attributable to the vaccine virus. The vaccine virus complies with the test if : — no chicken shows notable clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis or dies from causes attributable to the vaccine virus, — the average ciliostasis score is not more than 25, — at most moderate inflammatory lesion ...
LACTOFERRIN MODULATES HSV-1 INFECTION AT EARLY
... Department of Virology, 2Department of Cariology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland The abstract should describe the purpose of the study and the major results and conclusions. If you prefer breaking the text into paragraphs, please do not leave space between them. Oral mucosa is a frequent site o ...
... Department of Virology, 2Department of Cariology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland The abstract should describe the purpose of the study and the major results and conclusions. If you prefer breaking the text into paragraphs, please do not leave space between them. Oral mucosa is a frequent site o ...
What is mumps? Mumps is an acute infectious viral disease that can
... Symptoms of mumps usually appear 14 days to 18 days of infection. They usually include fever, headache, and swelling and tenderness of one or more of the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland (located just below the front of the ear at the angle of the jaw). In mild cases the swelling may only ...
... Symptoms of mumps usually appear 14 days to 18 days of infection. They usually include fever, headache, and swelling and tenderness of one or more of the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland (located just below the front of the ear at the angle of the jaw). In mild cases the swelling may only ...
Virus mutations and their impact on vaccination against infectious
... IBDV protein VP2 is close to 0.24% (11). It is believed to be ten times lower for rotavirus, another segmented RNA virus. Certain mutations that occur during the IBDV life cycle are incompatible with survival of the virus. In contrast, other mutations enhance the ability of the virus to multiply in ...
... IBDV protein VP2 is close to 0.24% (11). It is believed to be ten times lower for rotavirus, another segmented RNA virus. Certain mutations that occur during the IBDV life cycle are incompatible with survival of the virus. In contrast, other mutations enhance the ability of the virus to multiply in ...
Acute_Pharyngitis
... Caused by Bordatella pertussis – gram negative coccobaccli Highly contagious. Affects all ages, but 70% of cases in children Most deaths occur in infants < 6 months Incidence is on the rise due to decreased immunization rates No life-long immunity but subsequent infections (or those which ...
... Caused by Bordatella pertussis – gram negative coccobaccli Highly contagious. Affects all ages, but 70% of cases in children Most deaths occur in infants < 6 months Incidence is on the rise due to decreased immunization rates No life-long immunity but subsequent infections (or those which ...
Biological control using sterilizing viruses
... Cooke & Vandendriessche 1996), and further developments have been made in understanding how complications such as stage-structure (Briggs & Godfray 1995) and seasonality (Briggs & Godfray 1996) aect interactions between host and parasite. The ®rst model is developed to examine how the interplay of ...
... Cooke & Vandendriessche 1996), and further developments have been made in understanding how complications such as stage-structure (Briggs & Godfray 1995) and seasonality (Briggs & Godfray 1996) aect interactions between host and parasite. The ®rst model is developed to examine how the interplay of ...
The metaphor that viruses are living is alive and well, but it is no
... The present review will first describe the orthodox view held by most virologists that viruses are subcellular, genetic parasites that do not self-replicate but are being replicated by the cells they have infected. The properties of living organisms as members of a reproductive lineage will then be a ...
... The present review will first describe the orthodox view held by most virologists that viruses are subcellular, genetic parasites that do not self-replicate but are being replicated by the cells they have infected. The properties of living organisms as members of a reproductive lineage will then be a ...
Pandemic Flu - Egan Supply Co.
... But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. ...
... But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. ...
Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS
... isolating a new agent in the disease, a lentivirus, which they named LAV. The French immunologist Klatzmann and his colleagues discovered that LAV killed CD4 T-cells, furnishing an explanation for the pathogcncsis of AIDS and providing a mechanism for how AIDS developed. For some time Gallo continue ...
... isolating a new agent in the disease, a lentivirus, which they named LAV. The French immunologist Klatzmann and his colleagues discovered that LAV killed CD4 T-cells, furnishing an explanation for the pathogcncsis of AIDS and providing a mechanism for how AIDS developed. For some time Gallo continue ...
Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection - PubAg
... The human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis and are responsible for as much as 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Norovirus (NoV), a single stranded RNA virus, is highly contagious with an infectious dose of less than 100 viral particles. While techn ...
... The human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis and are responsible for as much as 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Norovirus (NoV), a single stranded RNA virus, is highly contagious with an infectious dose of less than 100 viral particles. While techn ...
VIRAL DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK IN ZAMBIA
... disease was first reported in cattle and sheep in Central (Chisamba), Southern (Mazabuka, Livingstone) and some parts of the Copperbelt province. Some unexplained abortions were reported in March, 1974. It was also found that aborted foetuses were such as to preclude the possibility of contagious ab ...
... disease was first reported in cattle and sheep in Central (Chisamba), Southern (Mazabuka, Livingstone) and some parts of the Copperbelt province. Some unexplained abortions were reported in March, 1974. It was also found that aborted foetuses were such as to preclude the possibility of contagious ab ...
Monday, November 3, 2008 Inhouse composting shows promise D
... The CEO-ILT vaccine virus was not recovered after litter composting but reovirus, adenovirus, and IBD virus were still viable. The cocci oocysts were inactivated by the composting treatment inside the compost pile (1foot depth) but not on the surface of the windrowed pile or at room temperature in t ...
... The CEO-ILT vaccine virus was not recovered after litter composting but reovirus, adenovirus, and IBD virus were still viable. The cocci oocysts were inactivated by the composting treatment inside the compost pile (1foot depth) but not on the surface of the windrowed pile or at room temperature in t ...
Genetic analysis and comparative virulence of infectious salmon
... isolates, but had acquired an insertion of 33 base pairs in segment 5 [3]. Phylogenetic analysis of ISAV isolates from different outbreaks suggested that the virus was introduced from Norway in 1996 [3], probably through fertilized salmon eggs [22],[23]. Since 2010, ISAV-HPR0 has been detected in Ch ...
... isolates, but had acquired an insertion of 33 base pairs in segment 5 [3]. Phylogenetic analysis of ISAV isolates from different outbreaks suggested that the virus was introduced from Norway in 1996 [3], probably through fertilized salmon eggs [22],[23]. Since 2010, ISAV-HPR0 has been detected in Ch ...
Biological Disaster (Epidemics in India)
... We shall now deal with measles. Measles also known as morbilli, rebeola or red measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus. Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greaten than 400F or 4 degree Celsius , cough, runny nose, and red eyes. Two or three days af ...
... We shall now deal with measles. Measles also known as morbilli, rebeola or red measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus. Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greaten than 400F or 4 degree Celsius , cough, runny nose, and red eyes. Two or three days af ...
encephalitis_Hogan
... • 60,000 estimated human deaths annually worldwide • 1-3 deaths per year in U.S. • Dogs in developing countries • Wild animals in developed countries (skunk, raccoon, fox, bat) • Bites, inhalation, transplant • U.S., major source is bat (often no history of a bite) ...
... • 60,000 estimated human deaths annually worldwide • 1-3 deaths per year in U.S. • Dogs in developing countries • Wild animals in developed countries (skunk, raccoon, fox, bat) • Bites, inhalation, transplant • U.S., major source is bat (often no history of a bite) ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}