1. DNA Viral Pathogens
... Hepatitis D (hepatitis D virus, HDV: RNA-, non-enveloped) • by itself is NOT infectious • infectious only when it acquires an HBV envelope and thus requires coinfection with HBV or superinfection of someone already infected with HBV • this HBV, HDV combination has the highest hepatitis mortality rat ...
... Hepatitis D (hepatitis D virus, HDV: RNA-, non-enveloped) • by itself is NOT infectious • infectious only when it acquires an HBV envelope and thus requires coinfection with HBV or superinfection of someone already infected with HBV • this HBV, HDV combination has the highest hepatitis mortality rat ...
UNIT 9 micro notes
... reports about 200 cases a year. No vaccine for leprosy currently exists ...
... reports about 200 cases a year. No vaccine for leprosy currently exists ...
Biowarfare Agents that are WMD feasible
... in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the natural reservoir of the Ebola virus originates from gorillas and chimpanzees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, the Philippines, Uganda, and Sudan. Guinea pigs have been proven successful in research as a rodent model to host o ...
... in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the natural reservoir of the Ebola virus originates from gorillas and chimpanzees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, the Philippines, Uganda, and Sudan. Guinea pigs have been proven successful in research as a rodent model to host o ...
Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary
... in the wildlife tested (Fig. 2). This observed bias may be exacerbated by a publication bias, as negative results are difficult to publish and not well documented. Peer-reviewed literature studies report that more than 800 individuals of E. franqueti (and more than 700 for the other two main suspect ...
... in the wildlife tested (Fig. 2). This observed bias may be exacerbated by a publication bias, as negative results are difficult to publish and not well documented. Peer-reviewed literature studies report that more than 800 individuals of E. franqueti (and more than 700 for the other two main suspect ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections Sexually Transmitted
... The new virus infects other cells and this process continues to repeat. As the virus increases the number of T cells decrease, which causes the immune system to become weaker. The body becomes susceptible to common infections and opportunistic infections. ...
... The new virus infects other cells and this process continues to repeat. As the virus increases the number of T cells decrease, which causes the immune system to become weaker. The body becomes susceptible to common infections and opportunistic infections. ...
drivers_of_e_and_rd_06_recent_pandemics
... America between 1999 and 2004; Rift Valley fever (RVF) that spread from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula in 2000, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI – H5N1) that arose in northern China and from 2003 spread to other parts of Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa and the occurrence ...
... America between 1999 and 2004; Rift Valley fever (RVF) that spread from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula in 2000, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI – H5N1) that arose in northern China and from 2003 spread to other parts of Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa and the occurrence ...
Classical Swine Fever (CSF)
... and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In spite of the fact that the viruses that cause ASF and CSF are very different, the pathogenesis of the two diseases appears to be almost identical, which explains the similarity in presentation of the two diseases in pigs. After primary replication in the tonsils, the vir ...
... and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In spite of the fact that the viruses that cause ASF and CSF are very different, the pathogenesis of the two diseases appears to be almost identical, which explains the similarity in presentation of the two diseases in pigs. After primary replication in the tonsils, the vir ...
Tips for Talking to Patients about Viral Respiratory Infection
... 4. Explain what the patient can expect over the next few days and what to do if symptoms worsen. Example: “Your cough may last from several more days to several weeks, and it may take a while for you to feel better. I want you to call me if you’re still coughing after three weeks, or if you begin ...
... 4. Explain what the patient can expect over the next few days and what to do if symptoms worsen. Example: “Your cough may last from several more days to several weeks, and it may take a while for you to feel better. I want you to call me if you’re still coughing after three weeks, or if you begin ...
classic_swine_fever_3_pathogenesis
... increased vascular permeability as a result of the effect of inflammatory mediators and impaired clotting ability owing to consumption coagulopathy. Death from acute CSF is most likely due to the severe circulatory disturbances that result in widespread haemorrhages. The pathogenesis of chronic CSF, ...
... increased vascular permeability as a result of the effect of inflammatory mediators and impaired clotting ability owing to consumption coagulopathy. Death from acute CSF is most likely due to the severe circulatory disturbances that result in widespread haemorrhages. The pathogenesis of chronic CSF, ...
Zoonoses Associated with Laboratory-reared Rodents
... potential for transmission of LCMV in the laboratory setting. However, to reduce the potential for transmission, vigilance in screening all murine tissues is required. Tumors may acquire LCMV as an adventitious virus without obvious effects on the tumor. The virus may survive freezing and storage in ...
... potential for transmission of LCMV in the laboratory setting. However, to reduce the potential for transmission, vigilance in screening all murine tissues is required. Tumors may acquire LCMV as an adventitious virus without obvious effects on the tumor. The virus may survive freezing and storage in ...
ORTHOMYXOVIRUS PARAMYXOVIRUS
... Site of infection- epithelial cells of the respiratory tract Recovery- interferons and CMI Humoral Immunity- ( IgG & IgA)protection against reinfection, antibody against HA is important ...
... Site of infection- epithelial cells of the respiratory tract Recovery- interferons and CMI Humoral Immunity- ( IgG & IgA)protection against reinfection, antibody against HA is important ...
Sexually Transmitted diseases
... • The new virus infects other cells and this process continues to repeat. • As the virus increases the number of T cells decrease, which causes the immune system to become weaker. • The body becomes susceptible to common infections and opportunistic infections. ...
... • The new virus infects other cells and this process continues to repeat. • As the virus increases the number of T cells decrease, which causes the immune system to become weaker. • The body becomes susceptible to common infections and opportunistic infections. ...
Zoonotic Diseases of Non-Human Primates
... Although virus shedding is more frequent during the mating season (roughly March to June) or when an animal is ill, under stress, or immunosuppressed, there are often no signs of shedding. Macaques should always be regarded as potentially ...
... Although virus shedding is more frequent during the mating season (roughly March to June) or when an animal is ill, under stress, or immunosuppressed, there are often no signs of shedding. Macaques should always be regarded as potentially ...
Virus and Bacteria Classwork
... Virus and Bacteria Classwork Chapter 18 1. Draw and label the four types of viruses. Color different structures in different colors. 2. Draw and label the steps included in the lytic and the lysogenic cycles of viruses. 3. Draw and label a typical bacteria cell. Color different structures in differe ...
... Virus and Bacteria Classwork Chapter 18 1. Draw and label the four types of viruses. Color different structures in different colors. 2. Draw and label the steps included in the lytic and the lysogenic cycles of viruses. 3. Draw and label a typical bacteria cell. Color different structures in differe ...
Infection Control PowerPoint
... • Sports that have a potentially higher risk of transmission are those where players have close physical contact and possible direct contact with blood of an opponent • Martial arts • Wrestling • Boxing ...
... • Sports that have a potentially higher risk of transmission are those where players have close physical contact and possible direct contact with blood of an opponent • Martial arts • Wrestling • Boxing ...
Are surveillance response systems enough to effectively combat and
... nature of the disease, which has an extremely high mortality potential, this outbreak has received much attention from researchers and public health workers. An article entitled “Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countri ...
... nature of the disease, which has an extremely high mortality potential, this outbreak has received much attention from researchers and public health workers. An article entitled “Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countri ...
Goat Sheep Blue tongue FVSU
... BTV is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culicoides fly. These flies are biological vectors. Virus can also be transmitted vertically from viremic dams to the developing fetus or from male to female through semen during the period of peak viremia. Cattle can ...
... BTV is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culicoides fly. These flies are biological vectors. Virus can also be transmitted vertically from viremic dams to the developing fetus or from male to female through semen during the period of peak viremia. Cattle can ...
Virus PowerPoint
... infected sheep for many years. In the 1980s, Britain had an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, better known as mad cow disease, which spread to Europe and other areas. Two cows have been found with the illness in the United States. • The human form of the illness is called variant Creutzf ...
... infected sheep for many years. In the 1980s, Britain had an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, better known as mad cow disease, which spread to Europe and other areas. Two cows have been found with the illness in the United States. • The human form of the illness is called variant Creutzf ...
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (ALSO KNOWN AS HERPES ZOSTER
... This virus is found worldwide and is found in the saliva of the majority of adults (>90%). It infects almost all children by the age of two and the infection is life-long. Again, it replicates in B and T lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, glioblastoma cell and in the oropharynx. It can set up a latent inf ...
... This virus is found worldwide and is found in the saliva of the majority of adults (>90%). It infects almost all children by the age of two and the infection is life-long. Again, it replicates in B and T lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, glioblastoma cell and in the oropharynx. It can set up a latent inf ...
Full Text
... of EVD outbreak overlapped with fruit bat territory.12 In Africa, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata are considered the natural hosts of the Ebola virus.8 In addition, some primates, such as apes or monkeys, can also get infected.13 In general, if people have contact ...
... of EVD outbreak overlapped with fruit bat territory.12 In Africa, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata are considered the natural hosts of the Ebola virus.8 In addition, some primates, such as apes or monkeys, can also get infected.13 In general, if people have contact ...
african swine fever
... o fomites include, premises, vehicles, implements, clothes Within tick vector: transstadial, transovarial, and sexual transmission occur ...
... o fomites include, premises, vehicles, implements, clothes Within tick vector: transstadial, transovarial, and sexual transmission occur ...
Lec 4 Virology *Double strand DNA viruses Genome organization
... spread through blood or blood products. A pregnant woman who is infected with parvovirus B19 can pass the virus to her baby. ...
... spread through blood or blood products. A pregnant woman who is infected with parvovirus B19 can pass the virus to her baby. ...
Taiwan`s International Participation is Vital to Ensuring Global
... Zika virus emerged in South America late last year, and has since swept across every continent, challenging disease control efforts worldwide. The World Health Organization in 2014 estimated that vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the global burden of all infectious diseases, killing up to 750 ...
... Zika virus emerged in South America late last year, and has since swept across every continent, challenging disease control efforts worldwide. The World Health Organization in 2014 estimated that vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the global burden of all infectious diseases, killing up to 750 ...
Presented by
... NETEC is providing site visits, educational resources, and training to identified US medical centers with prospective developed units capable of assessing, treating and managing Ebola virus disease patients. OVERVIEW This conference will provide a summary on the many aspects of managing a facility r ...
... NETEC is providing site visits, educational resources, and training to identified US medical centers with prospective developed units capable of assessing, treating and managing Ebola virus disease patients. OVERVIEW This conference will provide a summary on the many aspects of managing a facility r ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}