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Infection Control Sports Medicine I Ms. Bowman Bloodborne pathogens • Definition: pathogenic microorganisms that can potentially cause disease • Transmitted through • • • • • • Human blood Semen Vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid Any other fluid contaminated with blood • 3 most significant bloodborne pathogens • Hepatits B Virus (HBV) • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Bloodborne Pathogens in Athletics • Chances of transmission during competition is low • Actually no documented cases of transmission in sports • Sports that have a potentially higher risk of transmission are those where players have close physical contact and possible direct contact with blood of an opponent • Martial arts • Wrestling • Boxing • Still, the chances of transmission in these sports are low Universal Precautions • This refers to the practices involved in avoiding contact and transmission of the bodily fluids of patients. • Include wearing personal protective equipment when handling bodily fluids • All bodily fluids that can transmit diseases should be considered potentially infectious • *All blood is infected blood* Universal Precautions- A few guidelines • All open wounds should be covered before practice/competition • Active bleeders must be removed from competition and cannot return to play until bleeding is controlled • Clothing that is soiled with blood must either be cleaned (if possible) or removed • Gloves and other necessary personal protective equipment must be worn when handling bodily fluids Skin Wounds • Wound: trauma to tissues that causes a break in the continuity of that tissue • Types: • Abrasions-top layer of skin is scraped away • Laceration-occur when a sharp or pointed object tears the tissues, giving a wound the appearance of a jagged-edge • Incision-wounds with smooth edges • Puncture-direct penetration of tissues by a pointed object • Avulsion-skin is torn away from the body (a chunk) Managing Wounds • Immediate care • All open wounds must be considered contaminated by microorganisms • Must be cleaned with lots of soap and water or sterile saline • Dressing should be applied to keep a fresh wound clean. Sterile dressings such as gauze should be used. • After drainage has stopped, there is no need for a dressing. • Sutures • Must be put in as soon as possible. • Within 12 hours of injury • Required for injuries that are deep, have rough edges, or do not have good approximation of tissues
