Viral bacterial co-infection of the respiratory tract during early
... viruses and bacteria can be carried commensally in the nasopharynx. Sputum samples for laboratory diagnosis can be difficult to obtain and bacterial detection in LRT samples could hypothetically be attributed to contaminating URT flora. Even once the causative agents have been determined, inherent d ...
... viruses and bacteria can be carried commensally in the nasopharynx. Sputum samples for laboratory diagnosis can be difficult to obtain and bacterial detection in LRT samples could hypothetically be attributed to contaminating URT flora. Even once the causative agents have been determined, inherent d ...
Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: a review
... spread all over the world, causing dramatic losses; after a decade, it still represents a considerable threat to the poultry industry. Emergence of the acute forms of the disease has drastically changed the epidemiology of IBD. Although their origin is still under investigation, vvIBDVs have spread ...
... spread all over the world, causing dramatic losses; after a decade, it still represents a considerable threat to the poultry industry. Emergence of the acute forms of the disease has drastically changed the epidemiology of IBD. Although their origin is still under investigation, vvIBDVs have spread ...
Shingles - Snohomish Health District
... Shingles is a localized infection due to the same virus (varicella) that causes chickenpox. It occurs only in people who have had chickenpox in the past, or rarely in someone who has had the chickenpox vaccine, and is due to a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. Why the virus reactivates in some i ...
... Shingles is a localized infection due to the same virus (varicella) that causes chickenpox. It occurs only in people who have had chickenpox in the past, or rarely in someone who has had the chickenpox vaccine, and is due to a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. Why the virus reactivates in some i ...
Mini-Review Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and
... AIV H5N1-free zones or compartments could help to ease this complicated epidemiological situation. From 2006 until 2009, a vaccination policy was established using commercially available vaccines of the The adaptation of the H5N1 viruses to different en- H5 serotype but not necessarily matching the ...
... AIV H5N1-free zones or compartments could help to ease this complicated epidemiological situation. From 2006 until 2009, a vaccination policy was established using commercially available vaccines of the The adaptation of the H5N1 viruses to different en- H5 serotype but not necessarily matching the ...
Fast-killing parasites can be favoured in spatially structured
... metapopulations were founded with single (and unique) viral clones in each subpopulation (high relatedness (genetically identical) treatments), while six metapopulations had 12 individual subpopulations founded with one fast-killing clone and one slow-killing clone, with each of the 12 viral clones ...
... metapopulations were founded with single (and unique) viral clones in each subpopulation (high relatedness (genetically identical) treatments), while six metapopulations had 12 individual subpopulations founded with one fast-killing clone and one slow-killing clone, with each of the 12 viral clones ...
Epidemiology of Measles
... In contrast, in third world countries, measles infection has its greatest incidence in children under 2 years of age. the disease is a serious problem with a high mortality (10%) with malnutrition being an important factor in developing countries ...
... In contrast, in third world countries, measles infection has its greatest incidence in children under 2 years of age. the disease is a serious problem with a high mortality (10%) with malnutrition being an important factor in developing countries ...
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
... programs in the country. Therefore, significant strides taken to spread the awareness about vaccination against hepatitis and safe injection practices would go a long way in assisting prevention. Although alcohol or smoking can contribute to liver cancer, HBV and HCV are the major causative factors. ...
... programs in the country. Therefore, significant strides taken to spread the awareness about vaccination against hepatitis and safe injection practices would go a long way in assisting prevention. Although alcohol or smoking can contribute to liver cancer, HBV and HCV are the major causative factors. ...
Times to key events in the course of Zika infection and their
... the incubation period of Zika virus, 2) the time and duration of viral shedding, and 3) the time to antibody seropositivity. We reviewed text, tables, and figures for information that allowed us to bound the time of: 1) exposure to Zika virus, 2) symptom onset, 3) collection of samples for Zika viru ...
... the incubation period of Zika virus, 2) the time and duration of viral shedding, and 3) the time to antibody seropositivity. We reviewed text, tables, and figures for information that allowed us to bound the time of: 1) exposure to Zika virus, 2) symptom onset, 3) collection of samples for Zika viru ...
Successes and failures: Worldwide vaccine development and
... sense from the full vantage point of long-term public good. There is another culprit that comes into play here e cost-benefit and/or cost-effectiveness analysis. These analyses, especially for those of us involved in long-incubation communicable diseases, are especially irksome. To highlight the pote ...
... sense from the full vantage point of long-term public good. There is another culprit that comes into play here e cost-benefit and/or cost-effectiveness analysis. These analyses, especially for those of us involved in long-incubation communicable diseases, are especially irksome. To highlight the pote ...
WHO Guidelines on viral inactivation and removal procedures
... Bovine enterovirus. A non-enveloped, singlestranded RNA virus used as a model for hepatitis A virus. ...
... Bovine enterovirus. A non-enveloped, singlestranded RNA virus used as a model for hepatitis A virus. ...
Bovine Leukemia Virus Gene Segment Detected in Human Breast
... In 2002, Melana in Argentina reported gene segments of the same virus (MMLV) in 38% of breast cancer samples evaluated as well as in some cases in leukocytes [14]. These findings were then confirmed by Ford et al. Who found MMTV in the 40% of breast cancer tissues analyzed and in 2% of healthy breas ...
... In 2002, Melana in Argentina reported gene segments of the same virus (MMLV) in 38% of breast cancer samples evaluated as well as in some cases in leukocytes [14]. These findings were then confirmed by Ford et al. Who found MMTV in the 40% of breast cancer tissues analyzed and in 2% of healthy breas ...
Chickenpox - Children`s Hospital of Philadelphia
... the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, breathing tubes) or conjunctiva (surface of the eye). The virus can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, such as from coughs or sneezes, or by direct contact, such as from blisters on the skin. Chickenpox is so contagious that usually every susceptible ...
... the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, breathing tubes) or conjunctiva (surface of the eye). The virus can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, such as from coughs or sneezes, or by direct contact, such as from blisters on the skin. Chickenpox is so contagious that usually every susceptible ...
Ch. 21-3
... • An infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain is called meningitis. • Symptoms of meningitis include high fever, headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck. • There are two types of meningitis—one is caused by bacteria, the other by a virus. ...
... • An infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain is called meningitis. • Symptoms of meningitis include high fever, headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck. • There are two types of meningitis—one is caused by bacteria, the other by a virus. ...
The Gross Morbid Anatomy of Diseases of Animals
... Is zoo pathology unique? Certainly there are diseases that are peculiar to certain species or classes of animals, and these require familiarity with the literature and knowledge of disease dynamics within zoo populations; but in the overall scheme of things, zoo pathology does not differ that much f ...
... Is zoo pathology unique? Certainly there are diseases that are peculiar to certain species or classes of animals, and these require familiarity with the literature and knowledge of disease dynamics within zoo populations; but in the overall scheme of things, zoo pathology does not differ that much f ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Slow Virus Infections of the Nervous System
... During the last two decades, after Sigurdsson's introduction of a new concept of an infectious process, slow virus infections of the central nervous system have developed into novel and attractive disease models (Sigurdsson, 1954). Through his studies of naturally occurring diseases in sheep, includ ...
... During the last two decades, after Sigurdsson's introduction of a new concept of an infectious process, slow virus infections of the central nervous system have developed into novel and attractive disease models (Sigurdsson, 1954). Through his studies of naturally occurring diseases in sheep, includ ...
Genetic and phenotypic variation of the equine infectious anemia
... Two key people have had a direct impact on my development as a research scientist My major professor, Susan Carpenter, has been an excellent mentor. She has fostered my growth in the thinking processes necessary for pursuing science, and by example, has served as a role model for success in science. ...
... Two key people have had a direct impact on my development as a research scientist My major professor, Susan Carpenter, has been an excellent mentor. She has fostered my growth in the thinking processes necessary for pursuing science, and by example, has served as a role model for success in science. ...
A low-pathogenic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV
... this gene with respect to a putative full-length ancestral progenitor, designated ISAV-HPR0 (Mjaaland et al., 2002). The subsequent first identification of such a sequence in wild fish in Scotland (Cunningham et al., 2002), in an area remote from aquaculture activity, lent credence to the hypothesis ...
... this gene with respect to a putative full-length ancestral progenitor, designated ISAV-HPR0 (Mjaaland et al., 2002). The subsequent first identification of such a sequence in wild fish in Scotland (Cunningham et al., 2002), in an area remote from aquaculture activity, lent credence to the hypothesis ...
Lab Training of Handling and Shipping Samples
... epidemiological presentation Number of samples is between 15 to 20 Based upon influenza season and by August and January 15 ...
... epidemiological presentation Number of samples is between 15 to 20 Based upon influenza season and by August and January 15 ...
Zika virus syndrome - EAD
... • ZIKV crosses blood-brain barrier - intraperitoneally injected mice: Dick, 1952 • Progression of disease in directly infected mice brains: Bell, 1972 • ZIKV cell pathomechanism - autophagy: • Autophagy: cell-protective mechanism against unwanted material, but: • ZIKV “hijacks” for viral replication ...
... • ZIKV crosses blood-brain barrier - intraperitoneally injected mice: Dick, 1952 • Progression of disease in directly infected mice brains: Bell, 1972 • ZIKV cell pathomechanism - autophagy: • Autophagy: cell-protective mechanism against unwanted material, but: • ZIKV “hijacks” for viral replication ...
Chickenpox (Varicella) What is it? Chickenpox (varicella) is a
... people. Children who had chickenpox before two years of age may develop a painful disease called shingles while they are still young. Older adults who had chickenpox as a child may develop shingles later in life. Shingles (zoster) looks like chickenpox and is caused by the same virus but is found on ...
... people. Children who had chickenpox before two years of age may develop a painful disease called shingles while they are still young. Older adults who had chickenpox as a child may develop shingles later in life. Shingles (zoster) looks like chickenpox and is caused by the same virus but is found on ...
Management of Ebola virus disease (EVD)
... reaction (RT-PCR) testing for up to 91 days, when the last specimen was tested from this individual. The earliest negative semen sample by RT-PCR was obtained 62 days after symptom onset.6 Another study from the 1995 Kikwit outbreak assessed body fluids from 12 survivors. In this study one patient t ...
... reaction (RT-PCR) testing for up to 91 days, when the last specimen was tested from this individual. The earliest negative semen sample by RT-PCR was obtained 62 days after symptom onset.6 Another study from the 1995 Kikwit outbreak assessed body fluids from 12 survivors. In this study one patient t ...
Location of neutralizing epitopes on the G protein of bovine
... two subsets which recognized the N terminus (9C5, 17B1, 13C6) or the C terminus (13A3, DB5) of the antigenic site. The subsets corresponded to those identified by neutralization cross-reactions (Fig. 1) and sequence analysis (Table 1) of site ...
... two subsets which recognized the N terminus (9C5, 17B1, 13C6) or the C terminus (13A3, DB5) of the antigenic site. The subsets corresponded to those identified by neutralization cross-reactions (Fig. 1) and sequence analysis (Table 1) of site ...
Diseases of the Urinary Tract
... A) Caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum B) Syphilis is often called the “great imitator” because it symptoms resemble many other diseases C) There are three stages of syphilis ...
... A) Caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum B) Syphilis is often called the “great imitator” because it symptoms resemble many other diseases C) There are three stages of syphilis ...
Hepatitis B Vaccine
... Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) provides passive immunity to hepatitis B and is indicated for people exposed to HBV who have never had hepatitis B and have never received hepatitis B vaccine. Specific indications for postexposure vaccine with HBIG include: (1) inadvertent exposure to HBAg-positiv ...
... Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) provides passive immunity to hepatitis B and is indicated for people exposed to HBV who have never had hepatitis B and have never received hepatitis B vaccine. Specific indications for postexposure vaccine with HBIG include: (1) inadvertent exposure to HBAg-positiv ...
MODULE 5: Case Classification and Differential Diagnosis
... Ministry of Health, Singapore, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the University of Malaya Medical Centre. ...
... Ministry of Health, Singapore, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the University of Malaya Medical Centre. ...