Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa - ECDC
... outbreaks in central Africa, and clearly distinct from the Taï Forest ebolavirus that was isolated in Côte d’Ivoire from 1994–1995 [2,15,16]. The first cases were reported from south-eastern Guinea and the capital Conakry. By May, the first cases were reported from Sierra Leone and Liberia [17,18] t ...
... outbreaks in central Africa, and clearly distinct from the Taï Forest ebolavirus that was isolated in Côte d’Ivoire from 1994–1995 [2,15,16]. The first cases were reported from south-eastern Guinea and the capital Conakry. By May, the first cases were reported from Sierra Leone and Liberia [17,18] t ...
Using ICR and SCID mice as animal models for smallpox to assess
... it is important to have at least two animal species simulating the corresponding infectious disease in humans. Only one animal species has been chosen for smallpox, cynomolgus macaque: M. fascicularis, synonym M. irus (Jahrling et al., 2004; Huggins et al., 2009; Chapman et al., 2010). However, this ...
... it is important to have at least two animal species simulating the corresponding infectious disease in humans. Only one animal species has been chosen for smallpox, cynomolgus macaque: M. fascicularis, synonym M. irus (Jahrling et al., 2004; Huggins et al., 2009; Chapman et al., 2010). However, this ...
How I treat respiratory viral infections in the setting of
... in the United States include oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, and IV peramivir. Several reports in patients with leukemia or HCT recipients demonstrate clinical efficacy with either oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir.14,42-45 Many mutations causing oseltamivir and peramivir resistance, including th ...
... in the United States include oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, and IV peramivir. Several reports in patients with leukemia or HCT recipients demonstrate clinical efficacy with either oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir.14,42-45 Many mutations causing oseltamivir and peramivir resistance, including th ...
A Viral Noncoding RNA Complements a Weakened Viral RNA
... Argonaute 1 (AGO1) to induce its degradation by autophagy [7]. VSR activity of p14 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) has been associated with reduced accumulation of primary and secondary siRNAs [8]. BNYVV belongs to the Benyviridae family and is the type member of the Benyvirus gen ...
... Argonaute 1 (AGO1) to induce its degradation by autophagy [7]. VSR activity of p14 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) has been associated with reduced accumulation of primary and secondary siRNAs [8]. BNYVV belongs to the Benyviridae family and is the type member of the Benyvirus gen ...
Understanding Microbes in Sickness and in Health
... The story of “Typhoid Mary” is a famous example from medical history about how a person can pass germs to others, yet not be affected by those germs. The germs in this case were Salmonella typhi bacteria, which cause typhoid fever and are usually spread through food or water. In the early 20th centu ...
... The story of “Typhoid Mary” is a famous example from medical history about how a person can pass germs to others, yet not be affected by those germs. The germs in this case were Salmonella typhi bacteria, which cause typhoid fever and are usually spread through food or water. In the early 20th centu ...
COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES ; originally published online September 2, 2013; Pediatrics
... Cardiovascular disease includes include conditions such as coronary heart disease, cardiac valve disorders, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and aortic stenosis. It does not include hypertension disease only. Chronic lung disease includes conditions such as bronchitis obliterans, ch ...
... Cardiovascular disease includes include conditions such as coronary heart disease, cardiac valve disorders, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and aortic stenosis. It does not include hypertension disease only. Chronic lung disease includes conditions such as bronchitis obliterans, ch ...
The spread of pathogens through trade in poultry hatching eggs
... Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been recovered from the phallus or semen in male turkeys (116) and in chicken semen (117). Salpingitis in chickens due to M. gallisepticum infection has been described (36, 81). Natural vertical transmission of M. gallisepticum is recognised and the recovery of the organ ...
... Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been recovered from the phallus or semen in male turkeys (116) and in chicken semen (117). Salpingitis in chickens due to M. gallisepticum infection has been described (36, 81). Natural vertical transmission of M. gallisepticum is recognised and the recovery of the organ ...
Global transmission of influenza viruses from humans to swine
... eight H3N2 viruses associated with introduction #13 were collected in swine in Thailand in 2004–2009, but are related most closely to A/Wuhan/359/1995(H3N2)-like viruses from 1995–1996 on the H3 and N2 phylogenies (Figs S4 and S6, respectively), representing 8 years of unsampled circulation in swine ...
... eight H3N2 viruses associated with introduction #13 were collected in swine in Thailand in 2004–2009, but are related most closely to A/Wuhan/359/1995(H3N2)-like viruses from 1995–1996 on the H3 and N2 phylogenies (Figs S4 and S6, respectively), representing 8 years of unsampled circulation in swine ...
Pharyngitis
... VIRAL → Most likely concurrent URI symptoms of rhinorrhea, cough, hoarseness, conjunctivitis & ulcerative lesions STREP → Look for associated headache, and/or abdominal pain Fever and throat pain are usually ...
... VIRAL → Most likely concurrent URI symptoms of rhinorrhea, cough, hoarseness, conjunctivitis & ulcerative lesions STREP → Look for associated headache, and/or abdominal pain Fever and throat pain are usually ...
Vaccines_The Week in Review_27 June 2011
... for Africa and its people. Launch of the vaccine, which costs less than 50 cents a dose, a price demanded by African ministers of health, began last December in the three hyper-endemic countries in Africa’s notorious meningitis belt, namely Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. By the end of that month, 19 ...
... for Africa and its people. Launch of the vaccine, which costs less than 50 cents a dose, a price demanded by African ministers of health, began last December in the three hyper-endemic countries in Africa’s notorious meningitis belt, namely Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. By the end of that month, 19 ...
Updates in diagnosis and management of Ebola hemorrhagic fever
... Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a lethal viral disease transmitted by contact with infected people and animals. Ebola infection represents a worldwide health threat causing enormous mortality rates and fatal epidemics. Major concern is pilgrimage seasons with possible transmission to Middle East populati ...
... Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a lethal viral disease transmitted by contact with infected people and animals. Ebola infection represents a worldwide health threat causing enormous mortality rates and fatal epidemics. Major concern is pilgrimage seasons with possible transmission to Middle East populati ...
HOST DEFENSES (IMMUNITY)
... Some B cells become “memory cells” which produce the “secondary response”. ...
... Some B cells become “memory cells” which produce the “secondary response”. ...
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity
... (OIE)-listed disease. Economic losses associated with BTV infection are caused directly through reductions in productivity and death and more importantly indirectly through trade losses due to animal movement restrictions, restrictions on the export of cattle semen [3] and the costs of implementing ...
... (OIE)-listed disease. Economic losses associated with BTV infection are caused directly through reductions in productivity and death and more importantly indirectly through trade losses due to animal movement restrictions, restrictions on the export of cattle semen [3] and the costs of implementing ...
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus
... liver cirrhosis or HCC (2). In Africa HCC is the second most common cancer in men and is the third most common cause of death from cancer. It has previously been shown that most Southern Africans with HCC present very late in the course of the disease, when curative therapy is not possible and our r ...
... liver cirrhosis or HCC (2). In Africa HCC is the second most common cancer in men and is the third most common cause of death from cancer. It has previously been shown that most Southern Africans with HCC present very late in the course of the disease, when curative therapy is not possible and our r ...
Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Children
... associated with certain pathogens. In this study RSV was detected in only 5.7% of cases (23). In addition, Arabpour et al reported a high prevalence (54.4%) of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), among Ahvazian children with respiratory tract infections. This study showed that hMPV was probably an importa ...
... associated with certain pathogens. In this study RSV was detected in only 5.7% of cases (23). In addition, Arabpour et al reported a high prevalence (54.4%) of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), among Ahvazian children with respiratory tract infections. This study showed that hMPV was probably an importa ...
Vaccines: a peek beneath the hood.
... In fact, if that trend line held, measles incidence would have hit zero by around the year 2000. This is actually the year when the CDC declared measles had been eliminated from the United States. So were all these vaccines worth the cost, effort, and adverse reactions to tackle what was by 1963 co ...
... In fact, if that trend line held, measles incidence would have hit zero by around the year 2000. This is actually the year when the CDC declared measles had been eliminated from the United States. So were all these vaccines worth the cost, effort, and adverse reactions to tackle what was by 1963 co ...
another threat on the
... The first symptomatic case of the Zika fever in a human was recorded in Nigeria in 1954 [18]. Until 2007 only 14 cases of the disease were confirmed worldwide [17]. The first outbreak of the Zika fever occurred in Micronesia (Yap Island) in 2007. During the outbreak Duffy et al. [17] collected blood ...
... The first symptomatic case of the Zika fever in a human was recorded in Nigeria in 1954 [18]. Until 2007 only 14 cases of the disease were confirmed worldwide [17]. The first outbreak of the Zika fever occurred in Micronesia (Yap Island) in 2007. During the outbreak Duffy et al. [17] collected blood ...
Post-Infectious Fatigue
... depression), 10) sleep disorders (insomnia, hypersomnia) and 11) sudden onset of symptoms (within several hours to several days). Of these symptoms, 1), 2), 3), 5), 8) and 11) are often observed in virus infections, such as the common cold. The reasons why such symptoms are included in the diagnosti ...
... depression), 10) sleep disorders (insomnia, hypersomnia) and 11) sudden onset of symptoms (within several hours to several days). Of these symptoms, 1), 2), 3), 5), 8) and 11) are often observed in virus infections, such as the common cold. The reasons why such symptoms are included in the diagnosti ...
PDF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the
... Occurs in all age group- peaks 5-14 years Increasing incidence in the 1-4 age group ...
... Occurs in all age group- peaks 5-14 years Increasing incidence in the 1-4 age group ...
Dengue
... worldwide and causing larger and more frequent epidemics, especially in cities in the tropics. The emergence of dengue as a major public health problem has been most dramatic in the western hemisphere. Dengue fever has reached epidemic levels in Central America and is threatening the ...
... worldwide and causing larger and more frequent epidemics, especially in cities in the tropics. The emergence of dengue as a major public health problem has been most dramatic in the western hemisphere. Dengue fever has reached epidemic levels in Central America and is threatening the ...
Patterns of Infection:a Delicate Balance
... infection. On rare occasions, this virus can enter the central nervous system and cause an encephalitis which is often fatal. Similar alterations of tropism in a single virus infection can be observed for many RNA viruses. Consider poliovirus, a picornavirus with enteric tropism. The poliovirus rece ...
... infection. On rare occasions, this virus can enter the central nervous system and cause an encephalitis which is often fatal. Similar alterations of tropism in a single virus infection can be observed for many RNA viruses. Consider poliovirus, a picornavirus with enteric tropism. The poliovirus rece ...
1 Exploring Infectious Diseases Assessments The following set of
... For the following statements write true or false. 1. Once a patient recovers from Ebola, the disease cannot be transmitted. False: After recovery, Ebola virus can still be found in a man's semen for up to 2 months. 2. After recovering from Ebola, patients have immunity for 10 years. True: Patients t ...
... For the following statements write true or false. 1. Once a patient recovers from Ebola, the disease cannot be transmitted. False: After recovery, Ebola virus can still be found in a man's semen for up to 2 months. 2. After recovering from Ebola, patients have immunity for 10 years. True: Patients t ...
Feline Immunodeficiency
... Vaccination is a controversial subject. Vaccines with inactivated viruses are available in the U.S.A, Australia, New Zealandand and Japan. These vaccines induce a rapid humoral response with antibodies indistinguishable from natural infection. However, there are several studies aimed at differential ...
... Vaccination is a controversial subject. Vaccines with inactivated viruses are available in the U.S.A, Australia, New Zealandand and Japan. These vaccines induce a rapid humoral response with antibodies indistinguishable from natural infection. However, there are several studies aimed at differential ...
The Case for Childhood Immunization
... Children in developing countries also lack access to new vaccines, such as those that protect against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). These vaccines are only now becoming affordable to developing countries, decades after they were first used in North America, Europe, and Austral ...
... Children in developing countries also lack access to new vaccines, such as those that protect against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). These vaccines are only now becoming affordable to developing countries, decades after they were first used in North America, Europe, and Austral ...
Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between
... infectiousness as function of pathogen load alone. While pathogen load and symptoms are closely correlated (see e.g. [73–75] for influenza), the ability to map symptoms back onto pathogen load will likely not work in general. Returning to influenza as our example, analyses of data from ferret infect ...
... infectiousness as function of pathogen load alone. While pathogen load and symptoms are closely correlated (see e.g. [73–75] for influenza), the ability to map symptoms back onto pathogen load will likely not work in general. Returning to influenza as our example, analyses of data from ferret infect ...