Clinical Pharmacology Notes
... (bradycardia, AV conduction defects and asystole) with the drug. Bisphosphonates acts at the cellular level. They act directly or indirectly on the osteoclasts. The effect can be on the formation of osteoclasts and/or on their activity. A decrease in osteoclast number can occur either through direct ...
... (bradycardia, AV conduction defects and asystole) with the drug. Bisphosphonates acts at the cellular level. They act directly or indirectly on the osteoclasts. The effect can be on the formation of osteoclasts and/or on their activity. A decrease in osteoclast number can occur either through direct ...
classification of antipsychotic drugs
... esterified derivate of fluphenazine requires dosing only once every few weeks. After longterm treatment and drug administration is stopped, therapeutic effects may outlast significant blood concentrations by days or weeks. This may result from tight binding of parent drug of active metabolites in th ...
... esterified derivate of fluphenazine requires dosing only once every few weeks. After longterm treatment and drug administration is stopped, therapeutic effects may outlast significant blood concentrations by days or weeks. This may result from tight binding of parent drug of active metabolites in th ...
Chapter 1 - Manual Science Chemistry/Physics
... o Why do we use instruments in science? o What is the benefit of having standard measurements? o What are some things that are not made up of at least one chemical? o Micro-structure vs Macro-structure There are several branches of chemistry. o Science and technology are different. Science is the ...
... o Why do we use instruments in science? o What is the benefit of having standard measurements? o What are some things that are not made up of at least one chemical? o Micro-structure vs Macro-structure There are several branches of chemistry. o Science and technology are different. Science is the ...
Chemical weathering
... reactions between the minerals in the rocks and substances in the environment such as: water, oxygen, weak ...
... reactions between the minerals in the rocks and substances in the environment such as: water, oxygen, weak ...
Chemical Reactions
... can only change forms So when we write equations… The number of each type of atom on the reactants side must be equal to the number of each type of atom on the products side ...
... can only change forms So when we write equations… The number of each type of atom on the reactants side must be equal to the number of each type of atom on the products side ...
Lab 5 A bagged chemical reaction
... Chemical reactions occur when molecules come together to form new products. In our bodies and environments, chemical reactions occur continuously to help run our lives. During a reaction, chemical bonds are broken and remade. Usually, color changes, gases being released, changes in temperature, and/ ...
... Chemical reactions occur when molecules come together to form new products. In our bodies and environments, chemical reactions occur continuously to help run our lives. During a reaction, chemical bonds are broken and remade. Usually, color changes, gases being released, changes in temperature, and/ ...
Essential Question: What is biochemistry
... C, H, N, O, P, and S are the most important elements for organisms. Na, K, and Fe are also important. Atoms of elements are almost never found alone, thus they combine to form larger substances called molecules Exs. O2 , F2 or to form compounds Exs. H2O, C6H12O6 . The attraction that hold to atoms t ...
... C, H, N, O, P, and S are the most important elements for organisms. Na, K, and Fe are also important. Atoms of elements are almost never found alone, thus they combine to form larger substances called molecules Exs. O2 , F2 or to form compounds Exs. H2O, C6H12O6 . The attraction that hold to atoms t ...
On the Trough-to-Peak Ratio of Drug Effect in Antihypertensive Trials
... sometimes be seen to rise even though the drug concentration is falling; the peaks and troughs of drug effect will not necessarily be respectively simultaneous with the peaks and troughs of concentration. If one is trying to describe the time-course of drug effect using only such information as can ...
... sometimes be seen to rise even though the drug concentration is falling; the peaks and troughs of drug effect will not necessarily be respectively simultaneous with the peaks and troughs of concentration. If one is trying to describe the time-course of drug effect using only such information as can ...
Chemical weathering
... reactions between the minerals in the rocks and substances in the environment such as: water, oxygen, weak ...
... reactions between the minerals in the rocks and substances in the environment such as: water, oxygen, weak ...
Our Genes, Our Drugs and our Future
... enzymes, transporters and receptors contribute to variable drug responses (in addition to environmental , physiological & compliance factors) ...
... enzymes, transporters and receptors contribute to variable drug responses (in addition to environmental , physiological & compliance factors) ...
Dose-Response Concept
... CCl4 and ethanol are hepatotoxic alone but when given together produce much more liver injury than the mathematical sum of their individual effects. (2 + 2 = 20). Smoking and asbestos exposure is another ...
... CCl4 and ethanol are hepatotoxic alone but when given together produce much more liver injury than the mathematical sum of their individual effects. (2 + 2 = 20). Smoking and asbestos exposure is another ...
GERD template word AK 1013
... After 2-4 weeks if no improvement consider twice daily PPI. If still no response- investigate with endoscopy or pH/motility studies. Continued treatment with PPI if effective for 6-12 weeks. Tailor dose when coming off to reduce rebound dyspepsia. Some patients need longterm low dose PPI. Other Tx T ...
... After 2-4 weeks if no improvement consider twice daily PPI. If still no response- investigate with endoscopy or pH/motility studies. Continued treatment with PPI if effective for 6-12 weeks. Tailor dose when coming off to reduce rebound dyspepsia. Some patients need longterm low dose PPI. Other Tx T ...
File
... Figure 8-9 Predicted behaviour of single-compartment model with continuous or intermittent drug administration. Smooth curve A shows the effect of continuous infusion for 4 days; curve B the same total amount of drug given in eight equal doses; and curve C the same total amount of drug given in four ...
... Figure 8-9 Predicted behaviour of single-compartment model with continuous or intermittent drug administration. Smooth curve A shows the effect of continuous infusion for 4 days; curve B the same total amount of drug given in eight equal doses; and curve C the same total amount of drug given in four ...
Lecture 4 ppt
... The lipid solubility and rate of absorption depend on the extent of ionization of the chemical. Compounds are most absorbed from regions of the gastrointestinal tract at which they are least ionized. Weak bases are not absorbed from the stomach, but are absorbed from the duodenum which has a higher ...
... The lipid solubility and rate of absorption depend on the extent of ionization of the chemical. Compounds are most absorbed from regions of the gastrointestinal tract at which they are least ionized. Weak bases are not absorbed from the stomach, but are absorbed from the duodenum which has a higher ...
Herbal Medicines?: A Case Study
... total run time of 22 minutes. Positive Electron Impact Ionisation (EI) mode was used and data were collected using single ion monitoring (SIM). ...
... total run time of 22 minutes. Positive Electron Impact Ionisation (EI) mode was used and data were collected using single ion monitoring (SIM). ...
IMS-P21 Discovery of ASP5736, a Novel 5
... tissues. 5-HT5A KO mice were reported to show increased exploratory activity in response to novel environments. These observations suggested that the 5-HT5A receptor is involved in regulation of mood, affective disorder, and cognitive function. Therefore, the 5-HT5A receptor is considered as a poten ...
... tissues. 5-HT5A KO mice were reported to show increased exploratory activity in response to novel environments. These observations suggested that the 5-HT5A receptor is involved in regulation of mood, affective disorder, and cognitive function. Therefore, the 5-HT5A receptor is considered as a poten ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... The identification of driver oncogenes has provided important targets for drugs that can change the landscape of cancer therapies. One such example is the BRAF oncogene, which is found in about half of all melanomas as well as several other cancers. As a druggable kinase, oncogenic BRAF has become a ...
... The identification of driver oncogenes has provided important targets for drugs that can change the landscape of cancer therapies. One such example is the BRAF oncogene, which is found in about half of all melanomas as well as several other cancers. As a druggable kinase, oncogenic BRAF has become a ...
FUN2: 10:00-11:00 Scribe: Joan
... cause unexpected changes and that at first wouldn’t make much sense. Today, think about how the body is introduced to and handles drugs. Someone once told him that pharmacology is just one big dose-response curve. II. Concepts for you to learn: [S2] a. What are drugs? i. Response: things you take wh ...
... cause unexpected changes and that at first wouldn’t make much sense. Today, think about how the body is introduced to and handles drugs. Someone once told him that pharmacology is just one big dose-response curve. II. Concepts for you to learn: [S2] a. What are drugs? i. Response: things you take wh ...
FORMULATION AND IN –VITRO EVALUATION OF FLOATING
... the study may not reveal the differences in therapeutic efficacy that exists between drug products. Only one analytical method should be used for the analysis of all the samples of study. Analytical method used must be specific to the active chemical moiety and should exhibit high sensitivity. ...
... the study may not reveal the differences in therapeutic efficacy that exists between drug products. Only one analytical method should be used for the analysis of all the samples of study. Analytical method used must be specific to the active chemical moiety and should exhibit high sensitivity. ...
principles of pharmacology
... Sustained-release products, or extended-release products, release the drug from the preparation over many hours. The two methods used to extend the release of the drug are controlled diffusion and controlled dissolution. With controlled diffusion, release of the drug from the pharmaceutical product ...
... Sustained-release products, or extended-release products, release the drug from the preparation over many hours. The two methods used to extend the release of the drug are controlled diffusion and controlled dissolution. With controlled diffusion, release of the drug from the pharmaceutical product ...
December 2016
... nearly 50 million prescriptions for Xanax every year. That’s more than one prescription written every second. Xanax is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines (benzos). These are anti-anxiety medications prescribed for people with high levels of stress or panic attacks. Xanax “bars” (pictured abo ...
... nearly 50 million prescriptions for Xanax every year. That’s more than one prescription written every second. Xanax is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines (benzos). These are anti-anxiety medications prescribed for people with high levels of stress or panic attacks. Xanax “bars” (pictured abo ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.