• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Document
Document

... Thomas Mathew, and George A. Olah1 ...
ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF COMPLEXES OF NARINGIN WITH CO (II) METAL... search
ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF COMPLEXES OF NARINGIN WITH CO (II) METAL... search

... Co(Ac)2.4H2O and methanol solution of naringin in 1:2 molar ratio (metal salt/ligand ratio). Ligands are deprotonated by ammonia solution. The structure of Co(II) complex was characterized by UVVIS and FTIR measurement. The UV-VIS experiment was carried in pH-6.2 solution. Free naringin exhibits an ...
Questions: A communicators nightmare
Questions: A communicators nightmare

... There are many reasons to why we communicate i.e. in a business it may be used to maintain the workplace hierarchy but putting communication in context with this ...
Antifungal Agents
Antifungal Agents

... similar to Itraconazole - It was approved to prevent Candida and Aspergillus infections in severely immunocompromised patients and for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis - Due to its spectrum of activity, Posaconazole could possibly be used in the treatment of fungal infections caused by Muc ...
Colbert Chapter 7
Colbert Chapter 7

... Do you start early or wait until later to administer corticosteroids? How do you decide what route to use? If using an inhaled bronchodilator in conjunction with an inhaled steroid, which do you give first and why? Asthma severity and the frequency of attacks can influence the decision to use cortic ...
Read Patient Stories About The Intrathecal Pain Pump from Medtronic
Read Patient Stories About The Intrathecal Pain Pump from Medtronic

... impairment, including paralysis, may occur at the tip of the implanted catheter. Clinicians should monitor patients on intraspinal therapy carefully for any new neurological signs or symptoms. For intraspinal therapy, use only preservative-free sterile solution indicated for intraspinal use. Use onl ...
Center for Development of Human Services
Center for Development of Human Services

... Cognitive-behavioral therapy based on the theory that learning processes play a critical role in the development of maladaptive behavioral patterns, is used to prevent relapse. The use of this therapy helps individuals to learn to identify and correct problematic behaviors. Relapse prevention encomp ...
Cosmeceuticals: myths and misconceptions
Cosmeceuticals: myths and misconceptions

... professional, or industry. In addition, a voluntary recall of a product, ongoing compliance situations, and follow-up to product promotion or scientific studies, may all lead to an onsite inspection by the FDA. Violators of the adulteration and misbranding provisions of the FDA may be subject to a v ...
HIVART_9 - I-Tech
HIVART_9 - I-Tech

... offending agent with a drug which doesn’t cause the specific side effect.  If there is a life threatening toxicity, stop all drugs until patient’s condition is stabilized  In case of treatment failure, first check patient’s adherence and then change all 3 drugs ...
White Paper: Formulary Development at Express Scripts
White Paper: Formulary Development at Express Scripts

... manufacturers and directly attributable to the utilization of certain pharmaceuticals by our client’s members. Many factors can affect the amount of the rebate, but in general, higher rebates are achieved ...
epanova
epanova

... • Epanova reduced TG levels by at least ...
Антиепилептични лекарства
Антиепилептични лекарства

... ▼PHENYTOIN (t1/2 6–24 h) is a potent inducer of hepatic metabolizing enzymes affecting itself and other drugs (carbamazepine, warfarin, adrenal and gonadal steroids, thyroxine, tricyclic antidepressant, doxycycline, vitamin D, folate). Drugs that inhibit phenytoin metabolism include: valproic acid, ...
LWW PPT Slide Template Master - Medical College Admission Test
LWW PPT Slide Template Master - Medical College Admission Test

... – Synergy or antagonist drugs reacting with /against each other • Sometimes cause substance dependence or tolerance ...
ELECTROCHEMICAL, SPECTRAL AND MO INVESTIGATION OF
ELECTROCHEMICAL, SPECTRAL AND MO INVESTIGATION OF

... Cyclic voltammetry experiments with both stationary and rotating disc electrode (RDE) were performed in phosphate buffer and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) with 0.1 M tetra buthyl ammonium tetrafluoborate (TBABF4) as supporting electrolyte, at a VOLTALAB32 electrochemical laboratory, with platinum worki ...
Chapter 2b Packet answers
Chapter 2b Packet answers

...  Be able to identify examples from the notes, labs, and text from each group.  Understand how enzymes work and be able to identify the parts of an enzyme-substrate complex including the active site, products, and reactants allosteric inhibitor and competitor.  Understand that temperature and pH c ...
Click Chemistry in Carbohydrate
Click Chemistry in Carbohydrate

... (CA) isozymese ...
Sympathomimetic Drugs
Sympathomimetic Drugs

... • Adrenergic receptors locate on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, endocrine glands and on nerve terminals. • the transmitter in all adrenergic neurons was NE • When NE and Epi interacted with an adrenoceptor, in some tissues the response was excitatory while in other tissues it was in ...
MID2006-AntiviralAgt..
MID2006-AntiviralAgt..

... of Effective Antiviral Agents • Pathogenesis of certain agents makes therapy a challenge even in the face of defined targets • Clinical presentation of acute viral infections may be at peak of viral replication in vivo – May have a small window to intervene effectively – Need rapid diagnostic proced ...
FDA Basics For Biotech Drugs, Biologics and Devices
FDA Basics For Biotech Drugs, Biologics and Devices

... There are FDA procedures that allow for expanded access to investigational products where there are available data to show that the product may be effective for the target population and that use would not expose patients to unreasonable and significant additional risks. (Other criteria include: the ...
2013-2014 Annual Report - Clearfield
2013-2014 Annual Report - Clearfield

... The Commissions alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and gambling prevention efforts focus on providing awareness and knowledge on the nature and extent of alcohol, tobacco, drug use, abuse, addiction, and gambling, and its effects on individuals, families, and the overall community. The Commission’s preve ...
Interactions of herbs and food products with drugs
Interactions of herbs and food products with drugs

... Plants have been used throughout human history for their medicinal properties and herbal medicines are popular worldwide. Since, all herbal medicines are mixtures of more than one active ingredient, such combinations of many substances obviously increase the likelihood of interactions taking place. ...
Anti-Herpesvirus Agents
Anti-Herpesvirus Agents

... of Effective Antiviral Agents ...
8009/09 ZH/hm 1 DG H 3A COUNCIL OF THE
8009/09 ZH/hm 1 DG H 3A COUNCIL OF THE

... substances’, which was the result of major developmental work undertaken by the EMCDDA’s Scientific Committee. Secondly, at the end of 2008 it was found that a ‘smoking mixture’, known and monitored by the EWS as ‘Spice’ was not the herbal product that it purported to be. The real psychoactive const ...
PHL 419 Word - KSU Faculty Member websites
PHL 419 Word - KSU Faculty Member websites

... additives, or to potential effects on fish, birds and plants, as well as other factors that might disturb the balance of the ecosystem. 2. A mechanistic toxicologist is concerned with identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which chemicals exert toxic effects on living organisms. In risk ass ...
Review questions from 2003-2014 IB exams for option D Medicine
Review questions from 2003-2014 IB exams for option D Medicine

... Discuss the problems associated with nicotine consumption, distinguishing between shortterm and long term effects. State the name of the class of drugs with effects similar to that of adrenaline. Outline one effect of these drugs on humans. Identify the stimulant responsible for the addiction to smo ...
< 1 ... 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 ... 707 >

Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report