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Mucoadhesive Buccal Films Embedded with Antiviral Drug Loaded
Mucoadhesive Buccal Films Embedded with Antiviral Drug Loaded

... Acyclovir loaded nanospheres embedded mucoadhesive film have been developed as potential drug delivery system and evaluated both ex vivo and in vivo. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanospheres were formulated and impregnated in films prepared with varying concentrations of hydroxyethyl cellulose and ...
Drug action
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... Yvette, a new patient, has been diagnosed by the physician as hypertensive. The physician has prescribed two new medications for her to take. Yvette is also taking several other medications for osteoarthritis and allergies; these were prescribed by another physician, but she cannot remember all of t ...
Molecular Docking Studies of Isorhamnetin from Corchorus olitorius
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... secretion, leading to hyperglycemia. T2DM destroys many of the body system, most especially blood vessels [4]. T2DM may be in part as a result of increased hepatic glucose production, reduced insulin secretion, and impairment of insulin action [5, 13]. Patients suffering from type II diabetes are in ...
Oral drug reactions
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... Drug-induced pemphigoid can occur in the setting of a number of drugs. Like drug-induced pemphigus, thiol drugs (e.g., D-penicillamine) and nonthiol agents can be responsible for the eruption. Distinguishing drug-induced pemphigoid from idiopathic bullous pemphigoid can be challenging, as patients f ...
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Congratulations! You have signed up for AP Chemistry for this year
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Amphetamine, ecstasy and cocaine. A prevention and
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Paclitaxel- and lapatinib-loaded lipopolymer micelles overcome multidrug resistance in prostate cancer.
Paclitaxel- and lapatinib-loaded lipopolymer micelles overcome multidrug resistance in prostate cancer.

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Chapter 2 - San Joaquin Memorial High School
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protecting your practice and patients from prescription drug
protecting your practice and patients from prescription drug

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Baytril - BayerDVM
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NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF  AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS  
NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF  AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS  

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Delivery Mechanisms - WHO archives

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LTD/1670

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Drug List - Grand Saline ISD

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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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