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Word format
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... n 1949, the DTP vaccine was licensed to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) issuing forth the modern use of vaccines in the prevention of childhood illnesses. Polio immunization was later introduced to prevent that dread disease. In 1963, the measles vaccine was licensed and ...
Measles information leaflet
Measles information leaflet

... contact with someone who already has the infection. The virus is passed in the secretions of the infected person’s nose and throat and is spread by their sneezing and coughing. Also it is possible to catch measles from direct contact with articles which have been contaminated by these infected secre ...
Lisa Bennett, 2012 Community Acquired
Lisa Bennett, 2012 Community Acquired

... general care inpatient unit and is changed to oral antibiotics. His discharge planning will include: ...
Canine parvovirus: What you need to know to protect your pet
Canine parvovirus: What you need to know to protect your pet

Complications of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Complications of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

... • Epididymitis and PID occur when chlamydia, gonorrhea, or other pathogens spread to the upper genital tract • Compliance and repeat clinical evaluation in 72 hours must be ensured for epididymitis and PID • Consider the need to rule out testicular torsion in patients evaluated for epididymitis • In ...
Reactive Arthritis Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis Syndrome

... • Epididymitis and PID occur when chlamydia, gonorrhea, or other pathogens spread to the upper genital tract • Compliance and repeat clinical evaluation in 72 hours must be ensured for epididymitis and PID • Consider the need to rule out testicular torsion in patients evaluated for epididymitis • In ...
Pathogenic enteric Gram
Pathogenic enteric Gram

... forms of diarrheal disease and dysentery affecting populations throughout the world. Strains of E coli capable of causing such diseases possess one or more virulence factors that are not found in E. coli strains comprising the normal flora. Such virulence factors can be characterized as follows, the ...
Pink Eye
Pink Eye

... care, school, or work when symptoms begin to improve, typically in 3 to 5 days. Medications are not usually used to treat viral pinkeye, so it is important to prevent the spread of the infection. Pinkeye caused by a herpes virus, which is rare, can be treated with an antiviral medication. Home treat ...
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vulvovaginitis in childhood
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vulvovaginitis in childhood

... cleansing after evacuation, contact with sand or, sometimes, soil, abuse of inappropriate intimate detergents and underwear. Germs can reach the genital area as a result of contiguity from the rectum, urethra or the surrounding skin. A diffusion of bacteria from the upper airways is also possible th ...
Skin And Soft Tissue Infections
Skin And Soft Tissue Infections

... disease, may have cellulitis due to Gram-negative organisms. Consider expanding coverage in these cases. Gram-negative cellulitis is exceedingly rare in other patient populations and routine Gram-negative coverage is unnecessary. Streamline coverage in these patient populations once Gram-negative or ...
cryptosporidiosis-in-young-calves
cryptosporidiosis-in-young-calves

... Cryptosporidium parvum is a small single-celled intestinal parasite capable of infecting all mammals, and is closely related to coccida, writes Mícheál Casey, head of regional veterinary laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. Cryptosporidium parvu ...
General Pathology of Infectious Diseases
General Pathology of Infectious Diseases

... PATHOGENESIS Infectious diseases remain an important health problem in the United States and worldwide despite the availability and use of effective vaccines and antibiotics. In the United States, 2 of the top 10 leading causes of death are attributable to infection (pneumonia and septicemia). Infec ...
3. Foodborne and suspected foodborne disease
3. Foodborne and suspected foodborne disease

... In the second quarter of 2013, Campylobacter infection was the most commonly notified enteric disease in WA, with 361 notifications, 21% lower than the second quarter mean for the previous five years (n=454) (Table 1). This was due to a 29% decrease in both locally acquired (n=166) and overseas acqu ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)

... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year.  Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus THE EVOLUTION
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus THE EVOLUTION

... Identified in late 1990’s. No healthcare exposure necessary. Infects normally healthy people. Penetrates skin through open wounds and abrasions. Evolving rapidly. Produces deadly toxin (panton-Valentine leukocidin) in bones, joints, bloodstream and major organs. Current est. up to 52 million carrier ...
64th Western Poultry Disease Conference (March 23
64th Western Poultry Disease Conference (March 23

... Invited Speaker: Potential role of viruses in compromising gut health and its prevention Hepatitis E virus infection in organic layers Genotypic analysis of avian reoviruses from clinical submissions of viral arthritis An unusual outbreak of avian encephalomyelitis in vaccinated 12-week-old chickens ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... manifestations,prompting the patient to attend OPD.Good nutrition is central to health in many ways,impacting on disease and quality of life.Majority of children in developing countries are malnourished . In general nutritional disorders may be caused by malnutrition, strict vegetarian diet, malabso ...
Cervical erosion as result of infectious vaginitis
Cervical erosion as result of infectious vaginitis

... researchers have determined that the amount of bacteria in vaginal discharge changes significantly throughout the menstrual cycle, describing normal levels between 108 and 109 colonies per ml [7-10]. Vulvovaginitis bacterial, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, are responsible for about 90% of infectiou ...
SPONTANEOUS INFECTION OF A CEPHALOHEMATOMA
SPONTANEOUS INFECTION OF A CEPHALOHEMATOMA

... kg/die was given for a further 7 days, with complete recovery. ...
CHAPTER 21 – INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 21 – INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

...  Can involve multiple organ systems  Can cause acute myocarditis  Diphtheria is transmitted by:  Droplet aerosol.  Direct contact with skin.  Fomites (to a lesser degree). ...
- Catalyst
- Catalyst

... of the intestine into itself.  It is the most common abdominal emergency in early childhood ...
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

... which is a bacteria. ...
presentation ( format)
presentation ( format)

... Prolonged exposure to sunlight Chemicals and water Protective athletic equipment Photosensitizing medications Secondary infection ...
Techno-Microbial Hazards Associated with CKs: Public Health Risk
Techno-Microbial Hazards Associated with CKs: Public Health Risk

The Compelling Case for Redefining the Use of Antibiotics
The Compelling Case for Redefining the Use of Antibiotics

... here and now. “Each year in the United States, at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections.” 2 ...
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Gastroenteritis



Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.
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