C2 - Science Curriculum
... Chemical Potential Energy - Potential energy is stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction between the two objects may be gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic, or strong force. Chemical potential energy is the result of electrostatic attractions be ...
... Chemical Potential Energy - Potential energy is stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction between the two objects may be gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic, or strong force. Chemical potential energy is the result of electrostatic attractions be ...
ch02 lecture 7e
... For all ionic compounds, the name and formula lists the cation first and the anion second. In a binary ionic compound, both the cation and the anion are monatomic. The name of the cation is the same as the name of the metal. Many metal names end in -ium. The anion is named by adding the suffix -ide ...
... For all ionic compounds, the name and formula lists the cation first and the anion second. In a binary ionic compound, both the cation and the anion are monatomic. The name of the cation is the same as the name of the metal. Many metal names end in -ium. The anion is named by adding the suffix -ide ...
Covalent Bonding
... • Atomic orbitals involved in bonding often contain a single unpaired electron • When the orbitals hybridize, a pair of electrons is shared • These hybrid orbitals are equal in number to the atomic orbitals which made them ...
... • Atomic orbitals involved in bonding often contain a single unpaired electron • When the orbitals hybridize, a pair of electrons is shared • These hybrid orbitals are equal in number to the atomic orbitals which made them ...
Introduction_to_organic
... CHCl3 C2H4 C3H8O CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2OCH3 CH3CO2H CH3CHO Chemistry 121, Winter 2008, LA Tech ...
... CHCl3 C2H4 C3H8O CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2OCH3 CH3CO2H CH3CHO Chemistry 121, Winter 2008, LA Tech ...
Classification of Matter
... distinct properties • A mixture consists of two or more pure substances which retain their chemical identities. ...
... distinct properties • A mixture consists of two or more pure substances which retain their chemical identities. ...
Lab#6 Qualitative 131
... - To better understand several chemical reactions. - To identify an unknown chemical by testing its chemical and physical properties. Introduction: In this experiment, you will investigate solubility behavior and some typical reactions of carboxylic acids, amines, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcoho ...
... - To better understand several chemical reactions. - To identify an unknown chemical by testing its chemical and physical properties. Introduction: In this experiment, you will investigate solubility behavior and some typical reactions of carboxylic acids, amines, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcoho ...
Classification of Matter
... distinct properties • A mixture consists of two or more pure substances which retain their chemical identities. ...
... distinct properties • A mixture consists of two or more pure substances which retain their chemical identities. ...
Organic Dyes as Photoredox Catalysts
... The Nicewicz group applied Mes–Acr+ as a photoredox catalyst for the intramolecular antiMarkovnikov hydroetherification and hydroamination of olefins to form cyclic ethers and amines, respectively.1 Intermolecular reactions with amines,2a carboxylic acids,1 and mineral acids2b are also possible unde ...
... The Nicewicz group applied Mes–Acr+ as a photoredox catalyst for the intramolecular antiMarkovnikov hydroetherification and hydroamination of olefins to form cyclic ethers and amines, respectively.1 Intermolecular reactions with amines,2a carboxylic acids,1 and mineral acids2b are also possible unde ...
Section 5b and c: crude oil and synthetic polymers Fractional
... double bonds between carbon atoms; as a result an addition polymerization is not possible. To free up electrons to make new covalent bonds to connect a large number of monomers, atoms or groups of atoms need to be removed first at either end of the monomers so that there are spare electrons to make ...
... double bonds between carbon atoms; as a result an addition polymerization is not possible. To free up electrons to make new covalent bonds to connect a large number of monomers, atoms or groups of atoms need to be removed first at either end of the monomers so that there are spare electrons to make ...
NMR Spectroscopy
... a valid reason, that portion of yo ur grade will be added to the final. Students must pass bot h the lab and lecture portions of the course (i.e. a good lab mark will not pull a failing lecture mark up to a ...
... a valid reason, that portion of yo ur grade will be added to the final. Students must pass bot h the lab and lecture portions of the course (i.e. a good lab mark will not pull a failing lecture mark up to a ...
Which Bulbs Light Up?
... Acids donate H+(aq) Bases accept H+(aq) Salts formed by replacing one or more H+ of an acid with another cation Examples of non-electrolytes: Alcohols Carbohydrates (sugar) Aldehydes, ketones ...
... Acids donate H+(aq) Bases accept H+(aq) Salts formed by replacing one or more H+ of an acid with another cation Examples of non-electrolytes: Alcohols Carbohydrates (sugar) Aldehydes, ketones ...
CHEM 208(Organic Chemistry I)
... TEXT: Organic Chemistry(3rd Edn) By Janice Gorzynski Smith Lab: Microscale and Miniscale ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Laboratory Experiments by Schoffstall, Barbara and Melvin(2nd Edn) Learning Objectives: The principal objective of this course is to get familiar with the C compounds, their nomenclature, func ...
... TEXT: Organic Chemistry(3rd Edn) By Janice Gorzynski Smith Lab: Microscale and Miniscale ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Laboratory Experiments by Schoffstall, Barbara and Melvin(2nd Edn) Learning Objectives: The principal objective of this course is to get familiar with the C compounds, their nomenclature, func ...
Carbon and Molecular Diversity - 1 Although water is the most
... molecules which also have carboxyl function groups and form the important class of molecules called amino acids. • The amino functional group is a base. The nitrogen region of the amino functional group can attract a proton (generally attached to a hydrogen, thereby removing hydrogen ions from solut ...
... molecules which also have carboxyl function groups and form the important class of molecules called amino acids. • The amino functional group is a base. The nitrogen region of the amino functional group can attract a proton (generally attached to a hydrogen, thereby removing hydrogen ions from solut ...
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from Willow trees
... Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from Willow trees Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a versatile group of non-methane hydrocarbons (chemical compounds made of carbon and hydrogen) emitted by vegetation. The most common BVOCs from plants are some chemical compounds like isop ...
... Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from Willow trees Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a versatile group of non-methane hydrocarbons (chemical compounds made of carbon and hydrogen) emitted by vegetation. The most common BVOCs from plants are some chemical compounds like isop ...
Assessment of bioactive compounds from five wild edible fruits
... 3methyl, 1pentanol, 1heptanol. Guo-bin et al. [7] studied the volatile components from the fruit of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. They identified 40 volatile components. Some of the volatile compounds were bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (18.00%), dibutyl phthalate (12.33%), 5-hexyldihydro-2(3H)furanone, (4 ...
... 3methyl, 1pentanol, 1heptanol. Guo-bin et al. [7] studied the volatile components from the fruit of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. They identified 40 volatile components. Some of the volatile compounds were bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (18.00%), dibutyl phthalate (12.33%), 5-hexyldihydro-2(3H)furanone, (4 ...
Crystal Chemistry Atoms Electrons Quantum Mechanics Orbital
... – Ions have different radii than atoms of the same element – As the charge becomes more positive -> fewer electrons -> smaller radii – Larger atomic number -> larger radii – Radii also depend on type of bonds and how many other ions are linked to the given ion • Ions with similar radii are more like ...
... – Ions have different radii than atoms of the same element – As the charge becomes more positive -> fewer electrons -> smaller radii – Larger atomic number -> larger radii – Radii also depend on type of bonds and how many other ions are linked to the given ion • Ions with similar radii are more like ...
heptane
... the molecule shown is arraycolsep=0pt begin(array)(rclclc)&(H isomer (structural isomer, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, orreaction enantiomer) and a to as phantom(a))&&(phantom(a))&& &(CH_3 )&&&(Cl)&end(array)... When an alkane reacts with an element from group 7A, the is referred drawing of a poss ...
... the molecule shown is arraycolsep=0pt begin(array)(rclclc)&(H isomer (structural isomer, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, orreaction enantiomer) and a to as phantom(a))&&(phantom(a))&& &(CH_3 )&&&(Cl)&end(array)... When an alkane reacts with an element from group 7A, the is referred drawing of a poss ...
Organic Models
... HOMOLOGOUS SERIES In this experiment, you will build models for molecules in which carbon atoms may bond with each other as well as with atoms of other elements. Each carbon atom, however, may make only four covalent bonds. When carbon atoms bond with each other, they form a carbon chain. Compounds ...
... HOMOLOGOUS SERIES In this experiment, you will build models for molecules in which carbon atoms may bond with each other as well as with atoms of other elements. Each carbon atom, however, may make only four covalent bonds. When carbon atoms bond with each other, they form a carbon chain. Compounds ...
Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
... 11. Nicotine has the formula CxHyNz. To determine its composition, a sample is burned in excess oxygen, producing the following results: 1.0 mol of CO2 0.70 mol of H2O 0.20 mol of NO2 Assume that all the atoms in nicotine are present as products. a. Determine the number of moles of carbon present in ...
... 11. Nicotine has the formula CxHyNz. To determine its composition, a sample is burned in excess oxygen, producing the following results: 1.0 mol of CO2 0.70 mol of H2O 0.20 mol of NO2 Assume that all the atoms in nicotine are present as products. a. Determine the number of moles of carbon present in ...
A Quantum Mechanical Discussion of Orientation of Substituents in
... There are two principal ways in which the charge distribution is affected by the substituent R. The first, called the inductive efect, results when the electron affinity of this group is appreciably larger, or smaller, than that of the hydrogen atom which it replaces. Thus, for example, if its elect ...
... There are two principal ways in which the charge distribution is affected by the substituent R. The first, called the inductive efect, results when the electron affinity of this group is appreciably larger, or smaller, than that of the hydrogen atom which it replaces. Thus, for example, if its elect ...
AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT
... 1.2 Uncertainty in Measurement If you can count separate units of a substance, you can get an exact number. For example, you can count that you have 12 pencils or 25 bottles of soda or 150 marbles. When you measure something, however, you obtain a number that is not exact. For example, you can deter ...
... 1.2 Uncertainty in Measurement If you can count separate units of a substance, you can get an exact number. For example, you can count that you have 12 pencils or 25 bottles of soda or 150 marbles. When you measure something, however, you obtain a number that is not exact. For example, you can deter ...
ADDITION REACTIONS
... He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophilic addition to alkenes the major product is formed via the ...
... He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophilic addition to alkenes the major product is formed via the ...
Organic Chemistry 2014 finalzzz
... Number the carbon atoms, starting from the end closest to the branch(es) so that the numbers are the lowest possible Identify any branches and their location number on the parent chain (use the suffix –yl for branches) Write the complete IUPAC name, following the format: (number of location, if nece ...
... Number the carbon atoms, starting from the end closest to the branch(es) so that the numbers are the lowest possible Identify any branches and their location number on the parent chain (use the suffix –yl for branches) Write the complete IUPAC name, following the format: (number of location, if nece ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.