isomerism
... The drug, THALIDOMIDE is a chiral molecule and can exist as two enantiomers. In the 1960’s it was used to treat anxiety and morning sickness in pregnant women. Tragically, many gave birth to children with deformities and missing limbs. It turned out that only one of the enantiomers (the structure on ...
... The drug, THALIDOMIDE is a chiral molecule and can exist as two enantiomers. In the 1960’s it was used to treat anxiety and morning sickness in pregnant women. Tragically, many gave birth to children with deformities and missing limbs. It turned out that only one of the enantiomers (the structure on ...
chapter 5: nomenclature
... (1°) and those bonded to two are termed secondary carbon atoms (2°). Both these types of carbon atoms are encountered in straight chain alkanes. However, with branching we now have two different carbon atoms, those bonded to three carbon atoms () and those bonded to four carbon atoms (). These are ...
... (1°) and those bonded to two are termed secondary carbon atoms (2°). Both these types of carbon atoms are encountered in straight chain alkanes. However, with branching we now have two different carbon atoms, those bonded to three carbon atoms () and those bonded to four carbon atoms (). These are ...
Competing Interactions in the Self-Assembly of NC-Ph3
... at the corresponding voltages. In Figure 4c differential conductance maps at 1.45 and 2.31 V are shown along with the corresponding topographic (constant current) STM image. The presence of a shorter molecule, with only two phenyl rings, is particularly evident in the map representing the LUMO+1, whe ...
... at the corresponding voltages. In Figure 4c differential conductance maps at 1.45 and 2.31 V are shown along with the corresponding topographic (constant current) STM image. The presence of a shorter molecule, with only two phenyl rings, is particularly evident in the map representing the LUMO+1, whe ...
12_chemistry_impq_CH13_amines_02
... The hydrogen attached to nitrogen in sulphonamide is strongly acidic due to the presence of strong electron withdrawing sulphonyl group. Hence, it is soluble in alkali. (b) In the reaction with secondary amine, N,N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide is formed. ...
... The hydrogen attached to nitrogen in sulphonamide is strongly acidic due to the presence of strong electron withdrawing sulphonyl group. Hence, it is soluble in alkali. (b) In the reaction with secondary amine, N,N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide is formed. ...
Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy
... First, look at the spectrum and see what peaks (outside the fingerprint region) don’t look like alkane peaks: a weak peak around 3400 cm-1, a strong peak about 1720 cm-1, and an unusual C–H stretching region. The C–H region has two additional peaks around 2720 and 2820 cm-1. The strong peak at 1725 ...
... First, look at the spectrum and see what peaks (outside the fingerprint region) don’t look like alkane peaks: a weak peak around 3400 cm-1, a strong peak about 1720 cm-1, and an unusual C–H stretching region. The C–H region has two additional peaks around 2720 and 2820 cm-1. The strong peak at 1725 ...
HALO-ORGANICS – Fully functional fluorine 1
... group. Fluroxypyr is a pyridine herbicide with a fluorine atom at the ortho position of the pyridine ring, while trifluralin is a dinitroaniline herbicide with an aromatic trifluoromethyl group. Numerous common fungicides also contain fluorine atoms. Flusilazole is a triazole fungicide with a silico ...
... group. Fluroxypyr is a pyridine herbicide with a fluorine atom at the ortho position of the pyridine ring, while trifluralin is a dinitroaniline herbicide with an aromatic trifluoromethyl group. Numerous common fungicides also contain fluorine atoms. Flusilazole is a triazole fungicide with a silico ...
phenols - Gneet`s
... Particular effect is more when the substituent is present on O – and p- positions than in mposition. Thus acidic strength of nitrophenol decreases in the order p-nitrophenol > o-nitrophenol > m-nitrophenol > phenol ...
... Particular effect is more when the substituent is present on O – and p- positions than in mposition. Thus acidic strength of nitrophenol decreases in the order p-nitrophenol > o-nitrophenol > m-nitrophenol > phenol ...
ch04 - alkanes
... When two or more substituents are identical, use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- etc. a) Commas are used to separate numbers from each other b) Repeat the number if two substituents on same carbom c) The prefixes are used in alphabetical prioritization ...
... When two or more substituents are identical, use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- etc. a) Commas are used to separate numbers from each other b) Repeat the number if two substituents on same carbom c) The prefixes are used in alphabetical prioritization ...
Document
... The hydrogens are enantiotopic and equivalent in the NMR unless the molecule is placed in a chiral environment such as a ...
... The hydrogens are enantiotopic and equivalent in the NMR unless the molecule is placed in a chiral environment such as a ...
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
... Reactions of Aromatic Compounds • Unlike in alkenes and alkynes, electrons do not sit between two atoms. • Electrons are delocalized; this stabilizes aromatic compounds. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
... Reactions of Aromatic Compounds • Unlike in alkenes and alkynes, electrons do not sit between two atoms. • Electrons are delocalized; this stabilizes aromatic compounds. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
... Reactions of Aromatic Compounds • Unlike in alkenes and alkynes, electrons do not sit between two atoms. • Electrons are delocalized; this stabilizes aromatic compounds. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
... Reactions of Aromatic Compounds • Unlike in alkenes and alkynes, electrons do not sit between two atoms. • Electrons are delocalized; this stabilizes aromatic compounds. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
"Street Chemist" Part-12 - Sutter County Fire Department
... carbons of the chain. In the derivatives, the functional group is a part of that carbon chain and considered when determining branching of the compound. The types of branches will be shown in this section because they occur commonly with the alcohol compounds. However, branching can occur in any of ...
... carbons of the chain. In the derivatives, the functional group is a part of that carbon chain and considered when determining branching of the compound. The types of branches will be shown in this section because they occur commonly with the alcohol compounds. However, branching can occur in any of ...
Carbonyl α-substitution and Condensation Reactions
... Resonance forms of the phenol will put a positive charge on the oxygen which will force the oxygen to withdraw electrons from the phenolic hydrogen making the O-H bond weak. ...
... Resonance forms of the phenol will put a positive charge on the oxygen which will force the oxygen to withdraw electrons from the phenolic hydrogen making the O-H bond weak. ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... Prize in Chemistry (1990). Born in Massachusetts, Corey obtained the Ph.D. at M.I.T. (1951), was on the faculty at the University of Illinois (1951-59) where he became full professor at the early age of 27, and since 1959 he has been professor at Harvard. His research associates (graduate students a ...
... Prize in Chemistry (1990). Born in Massachusetts, Corey obtained the Ph.D. at M.I.T. (1951), was on the faculty at the University of Illinois (1951-59) where he became full professor at the early age of 27, and since 1959 he has been professor at Harvard. His research associates (graduate students a ...
3.10 aromatic chemistry
... 2) Benzene has bonds lengths in between C – C and C = C bond lengths 3) It is more stable / unreactive than corresponding alkenes A new model: The delocalised structure of benzene • Benzene has the following properties which need explaining: ...
... 2) Benzene has bonds lengths in between C – C and C = C bond lengths 3) It is more stable / unreactive than corresponding alkenes A new model: The delocalised structure of benzene • Benzene has the following properties which need explaining: ...
Document
... Errors in observed melting points often occur due to a poor heat transfer rate from the heat source to the compound. One cause of poor heat transfer rate is the placement of too much sample into the capillary tube. Finely ground particles of the compound are also necessary for good heat transfer. If ...
... Errors in observed melting points often occur due to a poor heat transfer rate from the heat source to the compound. One cause of poor heat transfer rate is the placement of too much sample into the capillary tube. Finely ground particles of the compound are also necessary for good heat transfer. If ...
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
... • The chain is numbered so the double bond gets the smallest possible number. • cis-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on the same side of the molecule. • trans-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on opposite sides of the molecule. ...
... • The chain is numbered so the double bond gets the smallest possible number. • cis-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on the same side of the molecule. • trans-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on opposite sides of the molecule. ...
Part A Completion
... Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short phrase, or number. The oxidation number of an element in an uncombined state ...
... Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short phrase, or number. The oxidation number of an element in an uncombined state ...
File
... The hydroxyl group is named as a substituent when it occurs in the same molecule with carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or ketone functionalities, which have priority in naming. Examples are ...
... The hydroxyl group is named as a substituent when it occurs in the same molecule with carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or ketone functionalities, which have priority in naming. Examples are ...
using hydrogen as a nucleophile in hydride reductions
... that taking place with carbonyl compounds, except that acid chlorides and esters have a leaving group (–Cl and –OR). So the reaction does not stop at formation of the alkoxide ion as a tetrahedral intermediate, but keeps going with an internal nucleophilic displacement of the leaving group. The dire ...
... that taking place with carbonyl compounds, except that acid chlorides and esters have a leaving group (–Cl and –OR). So the reaction does not stop at formation of the alkoxide ion as a tetrahedral intermediate, but keeps going with an internal nucleophilic displacement of the leaving group. The dire ...
OXAZOLINES: THEIR SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
... high antimicrobial activities, although this effect is not observed in poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-based ...
... high antimicrobial activities, although this effect is not observed in poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-based ...
naming and isomerism
... four different groups attached is called a chiral (asymmetric) carbon atom ...
... four different groups attached is called a chiral (asymmetric) carbon atom ...
1H NMR
... In general we will only be using the data in an IR spectrum for stretching vibrations which have energies higher than 1620 cm-1. Although the bands at lower energy are known and assigned, the region below 1620 cm-1 is very congested with single bond stretches of two heavy atoms (see C-C and C-O in t ...
... In general we will only be using the data in an IR spectrum for stretching vibrations which have energies higher than 1620 cm-1. Although the bands at lower energy are known and assigned, the region below 1620 cm-1 is very congested with single bond stretches of two heavy atoms (see C-C and C-O in t ...
m4 phenol and diazo salts
... phenol is a weak acid it dissolves very slightly in water to form a weak acidic solution it is a stronger acid than aliphatic alcohols the ring helps weaken the O-H bond and stabilises the resulting anion C6H5OH(aq) ...
... phenol is a weak acid it dissolves very slightly in water to form a weak acidic solution it is a stronger acid than aliphatic alcohols the ring helps weaken the O-H bond and stabilises the resulting anion C6H5OH(aq) ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.