Thermodynamics I
... The Standard Enthalpy of Formation • We are only able to measure changes in enthalpy, DH, and not absolute enthalpies (i.e., H) • Because we are only interested in changes in enthalpies, we are free to choose any reference point (i.e., our “zero”) • Arbitrarily, we chose to say that the standard en ...
... The Standard Enthalpy of Formation • We are only able to measure changes in enthalpy, DH, and not absolute enthalpies (i.e., H) • Because we are only interested in changes in enthalpies, we are free to choose any reference point (i.e., our “zero”) • Arbitrarily, we chose to say that the standard en ...
CHEMISTRY 102 Spring 2012 Hour Exam III Page 20 1. For the
... Which of the following statements is false? a) The equilibrium position represents the lowest free energy state available to a reaction. b) Chemical reactions want to minimize free energy. c) If the free energy of reactants is lower than the free energy of products, then the forward reaction is spon ...
... Which of the following statements is false? a) The equilibrium position represents the lowest free energy state available to a reaction. b) Chemical reactions want to minimize free energy. c) If the free energy of reactants is lower than the free energy of products, then the forward reaction is spon ...
Thermodynamics
... Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with energy flow. Historically it had an emphasis on heat, temperature and their relation to energy and work. Study of energy changes accompanying chemical and physical changes to a system Defines systems using a few macroscopic (measurable) vari ...
... Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with energy flow. Historically it had an emphasis on heat, temperature and their relation to energy and work. Study of energy changes accompanying chemical and physical changes to a system Defines systems using a few macroscopic (measurable) vari ...
Balancing Chemical Reactions
... • This is defined as a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons. ...
... • This is defined as a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons. ...
Alkene reaction study guide
... o Look for differences between the original and the final compounds (for example, if there is a chlorine present at the beginning and none at the end, there must have been a dehydrohalogenation or epoxide formation from halohydrin). o If the starting compound is an alkane with no functional groups, ...
... o Look for differences between the original and the final compounds (for example, if there is a chlorine present at the beginning and none at the end, there must have been a dehydrohalogenation or epoxide formation from halohydrin). o If the starting compound is an alkane with no functional groups, ...
Chapter
... Analogously with the equilibrium work terms it is possible to constrain the chemical affinity of selected reactions of a multicomponent system. Thus the Gibbs energy minimisation can be done for systems where one encounters metastable species or nonequilibrium constituents whose molar amounts are co ...
... Analogously with the equilibrium work terms it is possible to constrain the chemical affinity of selected reactions of a multicomponent system. Thus the Gibbs energy minimisation can be done for systems where one encounters metastable species or nonequilibrium constituents whose molar amounts are co ...
Unit_4_Notes_
... *Sample Exercise 14.14 shows this process. If the first step is not the rate-determining step, we must consider other issues. o We can assume that the first step must be fast and therefore is reversible. That means it actually has 2 processes – the forward reaction and the reverse reaction. o This ...
... *Sample Exercise 14.14 shows this process. If the first step is not the rate-determining step, we must consider other issues. o We can assume that the first step must be fast and therefore is reversible. That means it actually has 2 processes – the forward reaction and the reverse reaction. o This ...
Unit 4 - cloudfront.net
... 2. We are using fossil fuels 50,000 times faster than they were formed, therefore they WILL be depleted unless we change to renewable sources (such as: ____________________________________). 3. Coal is a complex organic material with ______________ as the primary element. It also contains H, O, N, a ...
... 2. We are using fossil fuels 50,000 times faster than they were formed, therefore they WILL be depleted unless we change to renewable sources (such as: ____________________________________). 3. Coal is a complex organic material with ______________ as the primary element. It also contains H, O, N, a ...
Slide 1 - Western Engineering
... (a) Need mO2 required to burn 1 m3 C3H8 (propane) – To accomplish this task we must first determine the relative amount of reactants and products to burn the propane. This requires setting up the chemical reaction. – The next step is to determine the relative mass of each based on the ratios determi ...
... (a) Need mO2 required to burn 1 m3 C3H8 (propane) – To accomplish this task we must first determine the relative amount of reactants and products to burn the propane. This requires setting up the chemical reaction. – The next step is to determine the relative mass of each based on the ratios determi ...
CHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND MECHANISMS, AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 1.
... Substrate: SN2 reactions are fastest for methyl substrates; rates are: CH3 > 1° > 2° >> 3° (this is a steric effect; larger groups interfere with the approaching nucleophile). SN1 reactions are faster for 3° substrates (because the more stable the carbocation, the faster the reaction; this means 3° ...
... Substrate: SN2 reactions are fastest for methyl substrates; rates are: CH3 > 1° > 2° >> 3° (this is a steric effect; larger groups interfere with the approaching nucleophile). SN1 reactions are faster for 3° substrates (because the more stable the carbocation, the faster the reaction; this means 3° ...
chemeqohnotes18f2005
... Methane gas (CH4) reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. _ CH4(g) + _ O2(g) _ CO2(g) + _ H2O(g) 1 CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) 1 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ...
... Methane gas (CH4) reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. _ CH4(g) + _ O2(g) _ CO2(g) + _ H2O(g) 1 CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) 1 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ...
reactions taking place within cells
... (8) • Shown as standard value. Experiment not conducted under ‘standard’ conditions • Too many d.ps/significant figures. Accuracy of apparatus doesn’t warrant • Not shown as negative. Exothermic reaction ...
... (8) • Shown as standard value. Experiment not conducted under ‘standard’ conditions • Too many d.ps/significant figures. Accuracy of apparatus doesn’t warrant • Not shown as negative. Exothermic reaction ...
Chapter 6A Chemical Reactions CHAPTER OUTLINE
... q In biochemical reactions, enzymes are necessary to oxidize glucose and other foods. q For example, oxidation of glucose involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms and electrons to an enzyme, such as NAD + to produce its reduced form NADH. ...
... q In biochemical reactions, enzymes are necessary to oxidize glucose and other foods. q For example, oxidation of glucose involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms and electrons to an enzyme, such as NAD + to produce its reduced form NADH. ...