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... Optimal action selection based on online learning of the values of different actions has previously been suggested as a model of action selection in the basal ganglia.27–30 In one version of these, called Actor/Critic models, it has been suggested29 that ventral striatal areas (the so called ‘Critic ...
... Optimal action selection based on online learning of the values of different actions has previously been suggested as a model of action selection in the basal ganglia.27–30 In one version of these, called Actor/Critic models, it has been suggested29 that ventral striatal areas (the so called ‘Critic ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... TO THE EDITOR: We congratulate Robertson and Marino (3) for their prefrontal cortex model of exercise tolerance and termination, which is a welcome contribution to our broader understanding of the limits of human performance. The authors have constructed their model by bringing together neurocogniti ...
... TO THE EDITOR: We congratulate Robertson and Marino (3) for their prefrontal cortex model of exercise tolerance and termination, which is a welcome contribution to our broader understanding of the limits of human performance. The authors have constructed their model by bringing together neurocogniti ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and
... working memory condition. This subtraction eliminated previously significant activations in several relevant regions (e.g., Broca’s area, cerebellum, SMA) and yielded significant activity only in the left inferior parietal cortex (ventral supramarginal gyrus), the brain region previously implicated ...
... working memory condition. This subtraction eliminated previously significant activations in several relevant regions (e.g., Broca’s area, cerebellum, SMA) and yielded significant activity only in the left inferior parietal cortex (ventral supramarginal gyrus), the brain region previously implicated ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... *Primary Somatosensory Cortex • In the postcentral gyri • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
... *Primary Somatosensory Cortex • In the postcentral gyri • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... • 12-4 Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained. • 12-5 Describe the events involved in the generation and propagation of an action potential. • 12-6 Discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. ...
... • 12-4 Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained. • 12-5 Describe the events involved in the generation and propagation of an action potential. • 12-6 Discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. ...
Brain Storm - School of Rehabilitation Therapy
... subarachnoid space that contains cerebral spinal fluid and numerous brain vessels. Pia mater (L. tender mother): forms a thin barrier that adheres to the brain. As blood vessels penetrate the brain from the surrounding subarachnoid space, they are enveloped by pia mater, thereby maintaining the bloo ...
... subarachnoid space that contains cerebral spinal fluid and numerous brain vessels. Pia mater (L. tender mother): forms a thin barrier that adheres to the brain. As blood vessels penetrate the brain from the surrounding subarachnoid space, they are enveloped by pia mater, thereby maintaining the bloo ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... Primary Somatosensory Cortex • In the postcentral gyri • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
... Primary Somatosensory Cortex • In the postcentral gyri • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
English past tense formation in Williams syndrome
... WS and past tense formation 10 additional past tense elicitation task to explore whether any features of the Clahsen and Almazan results were due to particular features of the task they used. The second elicitation task was developed for use with patients with brain damage by Lorraine Tyler and Wil ...
... WS and past tense formation 10 additional past tense elicitation task to explore whether any features of the Clahsen and Almazan results were due to particular features of the task they used. The second elicitation task was developed for use with patients with brain damage by Lorraine Tyler and Wil ...
Chapter 13
... 23. Drinking alcohol causes what change in the body? A.pH of blood declines as it becomes acidic B.Krebs cycle does not operate properly C.fat accumulates in the liver; also, liver cells die D.immune system functioning declines E.All of the choices are correct. 24. Reflex centers for visual, audito ...
... 23. Drinking alcohol causes what change in the body? A.pH of blood declines as it becomes acidic B.Krebs cycle does not operate properly C.fat accumulates in the liver; also, liver cells die D.immune system functioning declines E.All of the choices are correct. 24. Reflex centers for visual, audito ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... MRI scans reveal blood flow (Figure 12.7). They have shown that specific motor and sensory functions are localized in discrete cortical areas called domains. However, many higher mental functions, such as memory and language, appear to have overlapping domains and are spread over large areas of the ...
... MRI scans reveal blood flow (Figure 12.7). They have shown that specific motor and sensory functions are localized in discrete cortical areas called domains. However, many higher mental functions, such as memory and language, appear to have overlapping domains and are spread over large areas of the ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
Movement-Related Neuronal Activity Selectively - Research
... “motor circuit,” the putamen (Crutcher and DeLong 1984a) and globus pallidus (Mitchell et al. 1987), of primates have been carried out with the use of motor tasks that dissociated the direction of limb movement from the pattern of muscle activity. In both areas the activity of substantial proportion ...
... “motor circuit,” the putamen (Crutcher and DeLong 1984a) and globus pallidus (Mitchell et al. 1987), of primates have been carried out with the use of motor tasks that dissociated the direction of limb movement from the pattern of muscle activity. In both areas the activity of substantial proportion ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 - University at Buffalo
... would not want their legitimate mail discarded as junk ...
... would not want their legitimate mail discarded as junk ...
Intelligent Agents
... Utility-based Agents (2) • Add utility evaluation: not only how close does the action take me to the goal, but also how useful it is for the agent • Note: both goal and utility-based agents can plan with constructs other than rules • Other aspects to be considered: – uncertainty in perceptions and ...
... Utility-based Agents (2) • Add utility evaluation: not only how close does the action take me to the goal, but also how useful it is for the agent • Note: both goal and utility-based agents can plan with constructs other than rules • Other aspects to be considered: – uncertainty in perceptions and ...
A Framework for Decision-Theoretic Planning 1: Combining
... of steps, perhaps conditional on observations that solves a goaL In decision-theoretic planning, this is generalised to the case where there is uncertainty about the environment and we are concerned, not only with solving a 'goal', but ...
... of steps, perhaps conditional on observations that solves a goaL In decision-theoretic planning, this is generalised to the case where there is uncertainty about the environment and we are concerned, not only with solving a 'goal', but ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... Namely, these hemispheric rivalry models propose that the left hemisphere becomes hyperactive after right-hemisphere damage and inhibits visual recognition in the contralesional space since the two hemispheres normally exert an inhibitory influence on each other via callosal connections. Indeed, fun ...
... Namely, these hemispheric rivalry models propose that the left hemisphere becomes hyperactive after right-hemisphere damage and inhibits visual recognition in the contralesional space since the two hemispheres normally exert an inhibitory influence on each other via callosal connections. Indeed, fun ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...
The Computation and Comparison of Value in Goal
... target. The difficulty of the task is varied across trials by changing the percentage of dots that are moving coherently. Subjects are rewarded a fixed amount for correct answers, and receive nothing for incorrect responses. (For more details on this task see Chapters 4 and 30 of this volume). At fi ...
... target. The difficulty of the task is varied across trials by changing the percentage of dots that are moving coherently. Subjects are rewarded a fixed amount for correct answers, and receive nothing for incorrect responses. (For more details on this task see Chapters 4 and 30 of this volume). At fi ...
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and
... raspy vowels, and similar spectro-temporal profiles; that is, similar distributions of energy over frequency and time. The fact that this preliminary behavioral study showed such strong differences in speechlikeness indicates that it is the internal structure of the sound, and, in particular, the pr ...
... raspy vowels, and similar spectro-temporal profiles; that is, similar distributions of energy over frequency and time. The fact that this preliminary behavioral study showed such strong differences in speechlikeness indicates that it is the internal structure of the sound, and, in particular, the pr ...
Assessing facial attractiveness: individual decisions and
... behavioral responses. It has also been found that attractive faces evoke distinctive neural activation compared to unattractive or neutral faces. Objectives: Our aim was to design a face recognition task where individual preferences for facial cues are controlled for, and to create conditions that a ...
... behavioral responses. It has also been found that attractive faces evoke distinctive neural activation compared to unattractive or neutral faces. Objectives: Our aim was to design a face recognition task where individual preferences for facial cues are controlled for, and to create conditions that a ...
spinal cord and reflexes - Sinoe Medical Association
... thought. There are voluntary and involuntary reflexes. It is the voluntary reflexes we are considering here. As discussed earlier, a reflex involves at least 2 or 3 neurons. The reflex shown in this figure is called a 3neuron reflex because it requires three types of neurons: a sensory, an inter ...
... thought. There are voluntary and involuntary reflexes. It is the voluntary reflexes we are considering here. As discussed earlier, a reflex involves at least 2 or 3 neurons. The reflex shown in this figure is called a 3neuron reflex because it requires three types of neurons: a sensory, an inter ...
Learning Visual Representations for Perception
... that results in the purest split in terms of the TD errors. Here, pf is the proportion of the selected interactions whose images exhibit feature f , and {∆f } is the associated set of TD errors; ¬f indicates the corresponding entities that do not exhibit feature f . Splitting a visual class s accord ...
... that results in the purest split in terms of the TD errors. Here, pf is the proportion of the selected interactions whose images exhibit feature f , and {∆f } is the associated set of TD errors; ¬f indicates the corresponding entities that do not exhibit feature f . Splitting a visual class s accord ...
BIo 218 Lecture Outline Tortora Ch18
... The gray matter in the spinal cord promotes homeostasis by serving as the integrating center for spinal reflexes (the brain stem is the integrating center for cranial reflexes). ii. Reflexes are fast, predictable, automatic responses to changes in the environment that help maintain homeostasis: a. s ...
... The gray matter in the spinal cord promotes homeostasis by serving as the integrating center for spinal reflexes (the brain stem is the integrating center for cranial reflexes). ii. Reflexes are fast, predictable, automatic responses to changes in the environment that help maintain homeostasis: a. s ...