Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... Currently available physiological data, however, remain inconclusive regarding the question of whether dACC neurons carry information linking particular actions to reward or, instead, encode abstract reward information independent of specific actions. Here we show that firing rates of a majority of ...
... Currently available physiological data, however, remain inconclusive regarding the question of whether dACC neurons carry information linking particular actions to reward or, instead, encode abstract reward information independent of specific actions. Here we show that firing rates of a majority of ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... (Cstbj/j) mice. Our data reveal early and localized glial activation in brain regions where neuron loss subsequently occurs. These changes are most pronounced in the thalamocortical system, with neuron loss occurring first within the cortex and only subsequently in the corresponding thalamic relay nu ...
... (Cstbj/j) mice. Our data reveal early and localized glial activation in brain regions where neuron loss subsequently occurs. These changes are most pronounced in the thalamocortical system, with neuron loss occurring first within the cortex and only subsequently in the corresponding thalamic relay nu ...
Abstraction in Situation Calculus Action Theories
... Suppose that we have a basic action theory Dl and another basic action theory Dh . We would like to characterize whether Dh is a reasonable abstraction of Dl . Here, we consider Dl as representing the low-level (or concrete)(LL) action theory/agent and Dh the high-level (or abstract)(HL) action theo ...
... Suppose that we have a basic action theory Dl and another basic action theory Dh . We would like to characterize whether Dh is a reasonable abstraction of Dl . Here, we consider Dl as representing the low-level (or concrete)(LL) action theory/agent and Dh the high-level (or abstract)(HL) action theo ...
1-Student`s Refexes
... impulses to the Intrafusal Fibers inside the muscle spindle leading to shortening of the peripheral contractile parts of the intrafusal fibres increase the sensitivity of the receptor to muscle stretch . ...
... impulses to the Intrafusal Fibers inside the muscle spindle leading to shortening of the peripheral contractile parts of the intrafusal fibres increase the sensitivity of the receptor to muscle stretch . ...
Heuristics for Planning with SAT
... its integration in the overall SAT solving algorithm in a productive way. To achieve this, the variable selection depends not only on the initial state, the goals and the actions represented by the input clauses, but also the current state of the SAT solver. The state of the solver is primarily char ...
... its integration in the overall SAT solving algorithm in a productive way. To achieve this, the variable selection depends not only on the initial state, the goals and the actions represented by the input clauses, but also the current state of the SAT solver. The state of the solver is primarily char ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... the verbal hemisphere is talking and the non-verbal hemisphere is controlling the facial expressions). Association areas of neocortex So far we have discussed areas of the brain, which had either a specific motor or sensory function. Areas without predominantly sensory or motor functions are referre ...
... the verbal hemisphere is talking and the non-verbal hemisphere is controlling the facial expressions). Association areas of neocortex So far we have discussed areas of the brain, which had either a specific motor or sensory function. Areas without predominantly sensory or motor functions are referre ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... macrovibrisae showed that whisking neurons similar to those observed in the trigeminal ganglion were located in the TMnu. These neurons had different patterns of activation, which were dependent on the type of spontaneous macrovibrissae movement. In particular, their spiking activity tonically incre ...
... macrovibrisae showed that whisking neurons similar to those observed in the trigeminal ganglion were located in the TMnu. These neurons had different patterns of activation, which were dependent on the type of spontaneous macrovibrissae movement. In particular, their spiking activity tonically incre ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... required to stimulate immediate action, either towards stimuli of interest (e.g. prey) or away from perilous stimuli (e.g. large looming things). The SC mediates these two fast responses through access to different motor output channels [4,5]. Unlike other parts of the visual orienting network (see ...
... required to stimulate immediate action, either towards stimuli of interest (e.g. prey) or away from perilous stimuli (e.g. large looming things). The SC mediates these two fast responses through access to different motor output channels [4,5]. Unlike other parts of the visual orienting network (see ...
The Basal Ganglia - The Brain from Top to Bottom
... This resembles in many respects a displaced portion of the globus pallidus. It receives inputs from the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus. It projects to the VL/VA and DM nuclei of the thalamus. In fact, it is a more important route for information from the caudate nucleus to reach the thalamus t ...
... This resembles in many respects a displaced portion of the globus pallidus. It receives inputs from the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus. It projects to the VL/VA and DM nuclei of the thalamus. In fact, it is a more important route for information from the caudate nucleus to reach the thalamus t ...
Action Classification Using Sequence Alignment and Shape Context and Eraldo Ribeiro
... Blackburn and Ribeiro (2007), who project sequences of silhouettes onto a lower-dimensional manifold using the Isomap non-linear manifold learning. Their method matches action manifolds using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Our method does not use manifold learning but directly measures similarity via s ...
... Blackburn and Ribeiro (2007), who project sequences of silhouettes onto a lower-dimensional manifold using the Isomap non-linear manifold learning. Their method matches action manifolds using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Our method does not use manifold learning but directly measures similarity via s ...
Three key sequences HDEV
... the response to pain has become more specific. An older the entire length of the embryo. The brain develops more child or adult is also likely to withdraw the finger, but less rapidly than the spinal cord. Arm buds form before leg likely to wail (sometimes) and show general distress. buds. Most newb ...
... the response to pain has become more specific. An older the entire length of the embryo. The brain develops more child or adult is also likely to withdraw the finger, but less rapidly than the spinal cord. Arm buds form before leg likely to wail (sometimes) and show general distress. buds. Most newb ...
PDF version - UTRGV Faculty Web
... into anterior ventral (N1AV) and posterior ventral (N1PV) branches (Elson 1996, Faulkes & Paul 1997), although this branching point is quite distal from the ganglia (particularly in posterior ganglia), in contrast to Pacifastacus leniusculus, Blepharipoda occidentalis, and Munida quadrispina, where ...
... into anterior ventral (N1AV) and posterior ventral (N1PV) branches (Elson 1996, Faulkes & Paul 1997), although this branching point is quite distal from the ganglia (particularly in posterior ganglia), in contrast to Pacifastacus leniusculus, Blepharipoda occidentalis, and Munida quadrispina, where ...
Predominance of Movement Speed Over Direction in Neuronal
... Neuronal Population Signals of Motor Cortex: Intracranial EEG Data and A Simple Explanatory Model ...
... Neuronal Population Signals of Motor Cortex: Intracranial EEG Data and A Simple Explanatory Model ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... condition, lowest in the comprehensible order condition and intermediate in the incomprehensible order condition. We made no specific predictions about whether incomprehensible order should differ from the other two conditions; rather, we anticipated that randomness and comprehensible order should b ...
... condition, lowest in the comprehensible order condition and intermediate in the incomprehensible order condition. We made no specific predictions about whether incomprehensible order should differ from the other two conditions; rather, we anticipated that randomness and comprehensible order should b ...
from ups
... activation of the cell after extracellular electrical stimulation in area 17. Two sweeps are shown. One shows the initial segment spike in isolation. The other shows the initial segment and the full soma-dendritic spike. ŽC. Representation of the threshold current for eliciting an antidromic action ...
... activation of the cell after extracellular electrical stimulation in area 17. Two sweeps are shown. One shows the initial segment spike in isolation. The other shows the initial segment and the full soma-dendritic spike. ŽC. Representation of the threshold current for eliciting an antidromic action ...
Common and specific inhibitory motor neurons innervate
... the 4th to the 5th instar. Hoppers turned out to yield superior results with neuroanatomical and immunocytochemical techniques. This is most likely due to the fact that their muscles are smaller and less compact, which might facilitate the penetration of histological reagents. Prior to any manipulat ...
... the 4th to the 5th instar. Hoppers turned out to yield superior results with neuroanatomical and immunocytochemical techniques. This is most likely due to the fact that their muscles are smaller and less compact, which might facilitate the penetration of histological reagents. Prior to any manipulat ...
The influence of current direction on phosphene
... stimulation sites were investigated where phosphenes were restricted to one visual hemifield. Coil positions were stereotactically registered. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of retinotopic areas was performed in 5 subjects to individually characterize the borders of visual areas; TMS s ...
... stimulation sites were investigated where phosphenes were restricted to one visual hemifield. Coil positions were stereotactically registered. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of retinotopic areas was performed in 5 subjects to individually characterize the borders of visual areas; TMS s ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... neurochemical (glutamate) stimulation have produced inconsistent results. In some cases stimulation produced analgesia [43–45], and in others the effect was pronociceptive and reduced pain thresholds [46]. However, all these studies are consistent in finding that the effects of stimulation of the VL ...
... neurochemical (glutamate) stimulation have produced inconsistent results. In some cases stimulation produced analgesia [43–45], and in others the effect was pronociceptive and reduced pain thresholds [46]. However, all these studies are consistent in finding that the effects of stimulation of the VL ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relationship (blue neurons). These patterns describe connections between areas that differ considerably in overall laminar structure. (b) Intermediat ...
... originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relationship (blue neurons). These patterns describe connections between areas that differ considerably in overall laminar structure. (b) Intermediat ...
Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in
... One of the most interesting contemporary adaptations of psychedelic use is the syncretism observed in Brazilian religious groups that consume ayahuasca, an infusion of the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. These ayahuasca religions have expanded in the last decades, and it is estim ...
... One of the most interesting contemporary adaptations of psychedelic use is the syncretism observed in Brazilian religious groups that consume ayahuasca, an infusion of the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. These ayahuasca religions have expanded in the last decades, and it is estim ...
An Action Selection Calculus
... All the connection types in the Calculus are between Signs (stimuli), detectable sensory conditions, and Actions (responses), behaviors that may be expressed by the animal or animat. There are many possible combinations of Signs and Actions. The three selected here each encapsulate an anticipatory o ...
... All the connection types in the Calculus are between Signs (stimuli), detectable sensory conditions, and Actions (responses), behaviors that may be expressed by the animal or animat. There are many possible combinations of Signs and Actions. The three selected here each encapsulate an anticipatory o ...
The Distribution of Immunoreactivity for
... Gonadal hormones are known to broadly influence cortical information processing. Findings from this study in rats suggest that for androgens, this influence may include stimulation of underlying corticocortical connections. First, immunoreactivity for intracellular androgen receptors, while present ...
... Gonadal hormones are known to broadly influence cortical information processing. Findings from this study in rats suggest that for androgens, this influence may include stimulation of underlying corticocortical connections. First, immunoreactivity for intracellular androgen receptors, while present ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...