Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... of AIP neurons. However, AIP contains more neurons that are exclusively responsive to the visual features of an object, whereas PMv contains more neurons that are selectively responsive during movement (Murata et al., 1997, 2000). Thus, AIP and PMv are thought to be nodes in a cortical network conce ...
... of AIP neurons. However, AIP contains more neurons that are exclusively responsive to the visual features of an object, whereas PMv contains more neurons that are selectively responsive during movement (Murata et al., 1997, 2000). Thus, AIP and PMv are thought to be nodes in a cortical network conce ...
D22 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (re ...
... - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (re ...
Chapter 1: The Muscle Spindle and the Central
... The muscle spindle is also equipped with an efferent (motor) nerve supply in the form of gamma neurons innervating motor end plates (similar to those on extrafusal muscle) and fine axonal elongated end organs called trail endings (gamma nerve fibers account for 30% of the efferent nerve supply). The ...
... The muscle spindle is also equipped with an efferent (motor) nerve supply in the form of gamma neurons innervating motor end plates (similar to those on extrafusal muscle) and fine axonal elongated end organs called trail endings (gamma nerve fibers account for 30% of the efferent nerve supply). The ...
Internal models underlying grasp can be additively combined
... objects were being set up and clear during the subjects’ lifts, to prevent any visual cues as to the weight of the objects. Subjects also wore headphones which generated white noise to prevent any auditory cues. At the beginning of each set, the experimenter threaded a box onto each of the two spind ...
... objects were being set up and clear during the subjects’ lifts, to prevent any visual cues as to the weight of the objects. Subjects also wore headphones which generated white noise to prevent any auditory cues. At the beginning of each set, the experimenter threaded a box onto each of the two spind ...
Behaviour as a Complex Adaptive System - laral
... vector of concurrent interactions. Moreover we argued that behaviour might involve several emergent dynamical processes, hierarchically organized, that affect each others bottom-up and top-down. The adaptive system nature of behaviour derives from the fact that, due to the very indirect relationship ...
... vector of concurrent interactions. Moreover we argued that behaviour might involve several emergent dynamical processes, hierarchically organized, that affect each others bottom-up and top-down. The adaptive system nature of behaviour derives from the fact that, due to the very indirect relationship ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... according to two cognitive domains3. The sensorydiscriminative domain involves stimulus localization and intensity, which can be assessed in a number of ways, including using the visual analogue scale, whereas the affective-motivational domain involves the affective component of pain, which can be m ...
... according to two cognitive domains3. The sensorydiscriminative domain involves stimulus localization and intensity, which can be assessed in a number of ways, including using the visual analogue scale, whereas the affective-motivational domain involves the affective component of pain, which can be m ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... Motor neuron commands. Torsional rotations are produced by contractions of combinations of superior/ inferior rectus and superior/inferior oblique muscle pairs. Consider the activity of motor neurons that innervate one of these muscles, the superior oblique. On the basis of its pulling direction (FI ...
... Motor neuron commands. Torsional rotations are produced by contractions of combinations of superior/ inferior rectus and superior/inferior oblique muscle pairs. Consider the activity of motor neurons that innervate one of these muscles, the superior oblique. On the basis of its pulling direction (FI ...
A Piagetian Model of Early Sensorimotor Development
... and does not attempt to copy Piaget closely. Chang et al. (2006) provide a quite different approach to coding Piagetian schemas. Their system can learn “gists” which are compositions of schemas for certain tasks. This has been successfully applied to learn behaviours in a simulated world, for exampl ...
... and does not attempt to copy Piaget closely. Chang et al. (2006) provide a quite different approach to coding Piagetian schemas. Their system can learn “gists” which are compositions of schemas for certain tasks. This has been successfully applied to learn behaviours in a simulated world, for exampl ...
Sten Grillner
... thus demonstrated that the two basic modes of coordination could be generated by the spinal cord devoid of any influences from the brain. When the detailed motor pattern was recorded, in terms of electromyography (EMG) of the different limb muscles, the pattern was virtually identical to that of the ...
... thus demonstrated that the two basic modes of coordination could be generated by the spinal cord devoid of any influences from the brain. When the detailed motor pattern was recorded, in terms of electromyography (EMG) of the different limb muscles, the pattern was virtually identical to that of the ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
Kalos - A Syste with Revision
... There is another software engineering benefit to incorporating a revision module into a natural language generation system. The revision module is a natural place to isolate domain-specific linguistic knowledge and knowledge that relates to both surface and deep generation modules, thus producing a ...
... There is another software engineering benefit to incorporating a revision module into a natural language generation system. The revision module is a natural place to isolate domain-specific linguistic knowledge and knowledge that relates to both surface and deep generation modules, thus producing a ...
A Probabilistic Model of Lexical and Syntactic DANIEL JURAFSKY
... levels. For example, psycholinguistic theories of lexical access and idiom access and parsing theories of syntactic rule access have almost no commonality in methodology or coverage of psycholinguistic data. In part, this has been due to an assumption that these levels, or at least the lexical and s ...
... levels. For example, psycholinguistic theories of lexical access and idiom access and parsing theories of syntactic rule access have almost no commonality in methodology or coverage of psycholinguistic data. In part, this has been due to an assumption that these levels, or at least the lexical and s ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predominantly ipsilateral. This more restricted pattern of connectivity underlies the finer and more differentiated control that is exerted over the muscles of the distal extremities, such as that required for the independent movem ...
... shorter axons that typically extend fewer than five segments and are predominantly ipsilateral. This more restricted pattern of connectivity underlies the finer and more differentiated control that is exerted over the muscles of the distal extremities, such as that required for the independent movem ...
CHAPTER 13- The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
The kinaesthetic senses
... adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect movements (Sturnieks et al. 2007). While joint receptors ...
... adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect movements (Sturnieks et al. 2007). While joint receptors ...
Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology
... than does total infarct volume.37 Reduced sensorimotor cortex activation volume during finger movement is associated with poorer outcome,38 whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and hum ...
... than does total infarct volume.37 Reduced sensorimotor cortex activation volume during finger movement is associated with poorer outcome,38 whereas an enlargement of the primary motor cortex area for the hand, as defined by TMS,39,40 correlates with better motor outcome. Studies in animals41 and hum ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
... of knockout of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 in mouse postnatal motor neurons using Cre/loxp system. These mice developed progressive weight loss and motor impairment around the age of 60 weeks, and exhibited degeneration of large motor axon, grouped atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... The possible preparatory target combinations in the two and three-position cases were (1 2), (3 4), or (5 6), and (6 1 2) or (3 4 5), respectively. Only LEDs in the indicated combinations could light up during the preparatory phase. In the one-target condition, the same LED that was illuminated in g ...
... The possible preparatory target combinations in the two and three-position cases were (1 2), (3 4), or (5 6), and (6 1 2) or (3 4 5), respectively. Only LEDs in the indicated combinations could light up during the preparatory phase. In the one-target condition, the same LED that was illuminated in g ...
How to Pass a Turing Test: Syntactic Semantics, Natural
... (My mother did not recognize (or expect) the possibility that she was not talking to a human on the phone, and thus regularly tried to converse with pre-recorded phone messages.) We normally are, in fact, fully preparedto accept our invisible interlocutoras a (normal, ordinary)human with human think ...
... (My mother did not recognize (or expect) the possibility that she was not talking to a human on the phone, and thus regularly tried to converse with pre-recorded phone messages.) We normally are, in fact, fully preparedto accept our invisible interlocutoras a (normal, ordinary)human with human think ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... Data analysis. We identified a single neuron type with vocal-related activity, which was active mostly during fictive fast trills [“fast-trill neurons” (FTNs)]. FTNs were used for further analysis if their membrane potentials were recorded during at least five fictive advertisement calls. Vocal-rela ...
... Data analysis. We identified a single neuron type with vocal-related activity, which was active mostly during fictive fast trills [“fast-trill neurons” (FTNs)]. FTNs were used for further analysis if their membrane potentials were recorded during at least five fictive advertisement calls. Vocal-rela ...
Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food
... food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli. Results: Within the 5-HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C ...
... food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli. Results: Within the 5-HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C ...
How to Reason by HeaRT in a Semantic Knowledge-Based Wiki
... best of our knowledge, no structuralization of knowledge base is provided by any ...
... best of our knowledge, no structuralization of knowledge base is provided by any ...