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... I am grateful for Dr.Sandra Chapman’s time and effort during my first year in the university. I was convinced at that time that I could do basic science research as well as clinical research at the same time. Dr.Chapman arranged for me and attended a meeting with a respected pediatrician. If it were ...
... I am grateful for Dr.Sandra Chapman’s time and effort during my first year in the university. I was convinced at that time that I could do basic science research as well as clinical research at the same time. Dr.Chapman arranged for me and attended a meeting with a respected pediatrician. If it were ...
Neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex code relative
... Many studies have shown that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in the processing of emotional information. However, although some lines of study showed that the OFC is also involved in negative emotions, few electrophysiological studies have focused on the characteristics of OFC neuronal re ...
... Many studies have shown that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in the processing of emotional information. However, although some lines of study showed that the OFC is also involved in negative emotions, few electrophysiological studies have focused on the characteristics of OFC neuronal re ...
Thomas A. Woolsey
... Central Nervous System was prepared to help students and professionals understand the normal human brain and guide interpretation of clinical and experimental work. Clear charts and maps of biological structures have been teaching aids from the earliest times. In the biological sciences, the first ...
... Central Nervous System was prepared to help students and professionals understand the normal human brain and guide interpretation of clinical and experimental work. Clear charts and maps of biological structures have been teaching aids from the earliest times. In the biological sciences, the first ...
Kandel ch. 42 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Two deep transverse fissures divide the cerebellum into three lobes. The primary fissure on the dorsal surface separates the anterior and posterior lobes, which together form the body of the cerebellum. The posterolateral fissure on the ventral surface separates the body from the much smaller floccu ...
... Two deep transverse fissures divide the cerebellum into three lobes. The primary fissure on the dorsal surface separates the anterior and posterior lobes, which together form the body of the cerebellum. The posterolateral fissure on the ventral surface separates the body from the much smaller floccu ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... The BOLD signal showed a gradual increase in amplitude with increasing rate of stimulation for both periodic and Poisson stimulation, with a greater increase in overall amplitude for Poisson stimuli at all frequencies (Fig. 4A), confirmed as statistically significant by a reliable main effect of sti ...
... The BOLD signal showed a gradual increase in amplitude with increasing rate of stimulation for both periodic and Poisson stimulation, with a greater increase in overall amplitude for Poisson stimuli at all frequencies (Fig. 4A), confirmed as statistically significant by a reliable main effect of sti ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... Afrotheria contains many neural plesiomorphies in comparison with other placental mammal species (Sherwood et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides dat ...
... Afrotheria contains many neural plesiomorphies in comparison with other placental mammal species (Sherwood et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides dat ...
An Analytical Evaluation of “Differential Negative Reinforcement of
... contingency—that is, that it involves a reinforcer that is particularly meaningful to the learner (i.e., escape/avoidance). But, in systematic desensitization, the motivation is addressed directly rather than indirectly. Proponents of graded D-RSAA also often argue that you cannot change conditioned ...
... contingency—that is, that it involves a reinforcer that is particularly meaningful to the learner (i.e., escape/avoidance). But, in systematic desensitization, the motivation is addressed directly rather than indirectly. Proponents of graded D-RSAA also often argue that you cannot change conditioned ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... (F(2, 28) = 0.96 and 2.52, respectively, ns), planned comparisons revealed a significant effect of treatment only in aged animals, in which NBM lesions resulted in a 25% decrease in apical branch number and a 32% decrease in apical branch length (for aged sham versus lesion: F(1, 9) = 4.90 and 9.16, ...
... (F(2, 28) = 0.96 and 2.52, respectively, ns), planned comparisons revealed a significant effect of treatment only in aged animals, in which NBM lesions resulted in a 25% decrease in apical branch number and a 32% decrease in apical branch length (for aged sham versus lesion: F(1, 9) = 4.90 and 9.16, ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... investigate in rats whether the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu), which provides proprioceptive feedback for chewing muscles, may be also involved in whisker pad proprioception. Methods: Two retrograde tracers, Dil and True Blue Chloride, were injected into the mystacial pad and the masseter ...
... investigate in rats whether the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu), which provides proprioceptive feedback for chewing muscles, may be also involved in whisker pad proprioception. Methods: Two retrograde tracers, Dil and True Blue Chloride, were injected into the mystacial pad and the masseter ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... (Received May 2, 2002; Accepted August 8, 2002) ...
... (Received May 2, 2002; Accepted August 8, 2002) ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... excites the muscle spindle afferents of the vibrated muscles and elicits an illusory limb movement. If we measure the brain activity while totally relaxed subjects experience illusory limb movements, we may detect brain areas that receive and process the kinesthetic afferent inputs. By taking advant ...
... excites the muscle spindle afferents of the vibrated muscles and elicits an illusory limb movement. If we measure the brain activity while totally relaxed subjects experience illusory limb movements, we may detect brain areas that receive and process the kinesthetic afferent inputs. By taking advant ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... 853–951, 2015. Published June 24, 2015; doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014.—Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals ...
... 853–951, 2015. Published June 24, 2015; doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014.—Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... In this study, each task trial was classified as either “successful” or “unsuccessful” depending on whether or not the animal was able to reach the food pellet and cover it with its paw in one smoothly performed attempt, as determined by video analysis. The reaching task that was chosen for these ex ...
... In this study, each task trial was classified as either “successful” or “unsuccessful” depending on whether or not the animal was able to reach the food pellet and cover it with its paw in one smoothly performed attempt, as determined by video analysis. The reaching task that was chosen for these ex ...
Cortical EEG correlates of successful memory encoding
... In the course of their lives, individuals experience a myriad of events. Some of them leave stable traces, and others fade away quickly. Recent advances in functional imaging methods allow researchers to contrast neuronal patterns of remembered against not remembered events at initial encoding. Rese ...
... In the course of their lives, individuals experience a myriad of events. Some of them leave stable traces, and others fade away quickly. Recent advances in functional imaging methods allow researchers to contrast neuronal patterns of remembered against not remembered events at initial encoding. Rese ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... subjective appraisal of threat (15–19). By contrast, distinct hippocampus lateral prefrontal activity was elicited by stimuli that did not evoke arousal responses and may represent a “context” system for integrating the declarative context of emotionally significant stimuli (16, 19, 20). To date, sc ...
... subjective appraisal of threat (15–19). By contrast, distinct hippocampus lateral prefrontal activity was elicited by stimuli that did not evoke arousal responses and may represent a “context” system for integrating the declarative context of emotionally significant stimuli (16, 19, 20). To date, sc ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
... including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
NIH Public Access
... cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak-trough width, 0.31±0.12 vs. 0.44±0.09 ms, s.d.), indicating that the PV+ interneurons directly activated by laser were mostly fast-spiking cells11. The decreased spiking of other neu ...
... cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak-trough width, 0.31±0.12 vs. 0.44±0.09 ms, s.d.), indicating that the PV+ interneurons directly activated by laser were mostly fast-spiking cells11. The decreased spiking of other neu ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... or after various modulatory effects. Study I used painful and non-painful finger stimulation applied to the thumb and little finger tips which as an experimental model to present the brain response to the peripheral stimulation. Study II explored the effect of acupuncture modulation on EEG power spe ...
... or after various modulatory effects. Study I used painful and non-painful finger stimulation applied to the thumb and little finger tips which as an experimental model to present the brain response to the peripheral stimulation. Study II explored the effect of acupuncture modulation on EEG power spe ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
Handout 1
... environmental and behavioral units are to be defined according to the orderliness of the relationship between them. If the orderliness of our data is a function of the specificity of our definition of behavior and its controlling variables there is an inflection point, presumably falling short of co ...
... environmental and behavioral units are to be defined according to the orderliness of the relationship between them. If the orderliness of our data is a function of the specificity of our definition of behavior and its controlling variables there is an inflection point, presumably falling short of co ...
in search of memory traces
... for the storage of memories (see Shors & Matzel 1997, Wilson & Tonegawa ...
... for the storage of memories (see Shors & Matzel 1997, Wilson & Tonegawa ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... Laboratory Animals (NIH publication 80-22, 1987). The animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentnbarbital administered intravenously through a femoral cathctcr until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was ...
... Laboratory Animals (NIH publication 80-22, 1987). The animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentnbarbital administered intravenously through a femoral cathctcr until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
... and that a ‘fit’ between the person and his/her environment determines ‘for-better-and-for-worse’ outcomes. This evolutionary grounded view relates to the ‘environmental mismatch’ hypothesis recently proposed by Mathias Schmidt (2011), postulating that depression might be promoted by a mismatch of t ...
... and that a ‘fit’ between the person and his/her environment determines ‘for-better-and-for-worse’ outcomes. This evolutionary grounded view relates to the ‘environmental mismatch’ hypothesis recently proposed by Mathias Schmidt (2011), postulating that depression might be promoted by a mismatch of t ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... TUNEL staining APOPTOSIS in situ Detection Kit (WAKO, Osaka, Japan) was used for TUNEL staining, according to the manufacturer’s instruction. After deparaVinization and hydration, sections were incubated with protein digestion enzyme solution for 5 min at 37°C, The sections were treated with TdT sol ...
... TUNEL staining APOPTOSIS in situ Detection Kit (WAKO, Osaka, Japan) was used for TUNEL staining, according to the manufacturer’s instruction. After deparaVinization and hydration, sections were incubated with protein digestion enzyme solution for 5 min at 37°C, The sections were treated with TdT sol ...
PDF - Journal of the American Heart Association
... medications after hypoxic and normoxic VF CA.15,16 This goaldirected approach optimizes coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral perfusion pressure and presumably coronary and cerebral blood flow during CPR. In addition, our well-established protocol used in this experiment was designed to mimi ...
... medications after hypoxic and normoxic VF CA.15,16 This goaldirected approach optimizes coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral perfusion pressure and presumably coronary and cerebral blood flow during CPR. In addition, our well-established protocol used in this experiment was designed to mimi ...