Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... conductances of these currents, but the top neuron was silent, the middle neuron was tonically firing single action potentials, and the bottom neuron was firing in bursts of action potentials separated by long interburst intervals. When we consider that biological neurons may display eight, ten, or ...
... conductances of these currents, but the top neuron was silent, the middle neuron was tonically firing single action potentials, and the bottom neuron was firing in bursts of action potentials separated by long interburst intervals. When we consider that biological neurons may display eight, ten, or ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... which are anatomically and functionally distinct. Here we addressed the still unanswered question of whether cortical pathways that terminate in different layers are distinct at the synaptic level. We addressed this issue using as a model system the robust and functionally significant pathways from ...
... which are anatomically and functionally distinct. Here we addressed the still unanswered question of whether cortical pathways that terminate in different layers are distinct at the synaptic level. We addressed this issue using as a model system the robust and functionally significant pathways from ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... signalling mechanisms acting at more distant sites include release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from en passant boutons on axonal segments [5], and gaseous neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [6]. However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain a ...
... signalling mechanisms acting at more distant sites include release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from en passant boutons on axonal segments [5], and gaseous neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [6]. However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain a ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... signalling mechanisms acting at more distant sites include release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from en passant boutons on axonal segments [5], and gaseous neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [6]. However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain a ...
... signalling mechanisms acting at more distant sites include release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from en passant boutons on axonal segments [5], and gaseous neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [6]. However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain a ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... rons, we also presented laser spot stimuli that were positioned by mirror electrode into the pulvinar and searched for neurons in the inferior and galvanometers. A computer running REX (Hays et al., 1982) controlled lateral subdivisions. Once we isolated a single neuron, we passed brief stimulus pre ...
... rons, we also presented laser spot stimuli that were positioned by mirror electrode into the pulvinar and searched for neurons in the inferior and galvanometers. A computer running REX (Hays et al., 1982) controlled lateral subdivisions. Once we isolated a single neuron, we passed brief stimulus pre ...
Homework Market
... Human life would be impossible without learning; it is involved in virtually everything we do. You could not communicate with other people or recognize yourself as human if you were unable to learn. In this chapter, we explore several kinds of learning. One type is learning to associate one event wi ...
... Human life would be impossible without learning; it is involved in virtually everything we do. You could not communicate with other people or recognize yourself as human if you were unable to learn. In this chapter, we explore several kinds of learning. One type is learning to associate one event wi ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
Chapter 06 Motivation: Organizational Applications, Organizations
... 7. (p. 161) How hard and long a student pursues an area of study depends less on his/her selfefficacy than on actual ability? FALSE ...
... 7. (p. 161) How hard and long a student pursues an area of study depends less on his/her selfefficacy than on actual ability? FALSE ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... The macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, which serves as the storehouse of visual long-term memory, consists of two distinct but mutually interconnected areas: area TE (TE) and area 36 (A36). In the present study, we tested whether memory encoding is put forward at this stage, i.e., whether associati ...
... The macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, which serves as the storehouse of visual long-term memory, consists of two distinct but mutually interconnected areas: area TE (TE) and area 36 (A36). In the present study, we tested whether memory encoding is put forward at this stage, i.e., whether associati ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on the primary visual cortex (V1), which is considered the first cortical area of the visual processing pathway. To gain information about the operating principles of the human brain, and d ...
... processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on the primary visual cortex (V1), which is considered the first cortical area of the visual processing pathway. To gain information about the operating principles of the human brain, and d ...
Low Quality
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
NIH Public Access
... In this report we have tested the hypothesis that NMDARs may also be involved in the extinction of drug-seeking behavior. The efficacy of extinction was directly compared with the responses measured in another group of abstinent rats that remained in their home cage environments for an equivalent am ...
... In this report we have tested the hypothesis that NMDARs may also be involved in the extinction of drug-seeking behavior. The efficacy of extinction was directly compared with the responses measured in another group of abstinent rats that remained in their home cage environments for an equivalent am ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... ratios, although GABA is washed out immediately following S2 Ž p - 0.0001; Fig. 1C.. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was used to test the role of bicarbonate regeneration in the augmentation of stimulated 3 H-NE release by GABA. Acetazolamide alone Ž10 m M. has no effect on the S2:S1 ...
... ratios, although GABA is washed out immediately following S2 Ž p - 0.0001; Fig. 1C.. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was used to test the role of bicarbonate regeneration in the augmentation of stimulated 3 H-NE release by GABA. Acetazolamide alone Ž10 m M. has no effect on the S2:S1 ...
FREE Sample Here
... A) The nervous system depends on a balance between neural excitation and inhibition to function effectively. B) Excitatory effects make an action potential more likely to occur, whereas inhibitory effects make action potentials less likely to occur. C) All neurotransmitters have both excitatory and ...
... A) The nervous system depends on a balance between neural excitation and inhibition to function effectively. B) Excitatory effects make an action potential more likely to occur, whereas inhibitory effects make action potentials less likely to occur. C) All neurotransmitters have both excitatory and ...
Evidence for time division multiplexing of multiple simultaneous
... reaching an apex (or nadir) at 90 degrees contralateral (or ipsilateral) along the axis of the ears, ...
... reaching an apex (or nadir) at 90 degrees contralateral (or ipsilateral) along the axis of the ears, ...
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Objective 1.1
... Read the following statements and place a checkmark beside those that violate the APA code of ethical conduct in animal or human research. 1. _____ A researcher has been approved to collect data at a shopping mall. 2. _____During new student orientation, a researcher appears before an assembly of or ...
... Read the following statements and place a checkmark beside those that violate the APA code of ethical conduct in animal or human research. 1. _____ A researcher has been approved to collect data at a shopping mall. 2. _____During new student orientation, a researcher appears before an assembly of or ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Rossi and Paradiso, 1996). The low temporal cutoff of dynamic induction is consistent with other studies (Paradiso and Nakayama, 1991; Paradiso and Hahn, 1996), suggesting that a relatively slow mechanism integrates information over large areas of the visual field to assign the brightness we perceiv ...
... Rossi and Paradiso, 1996). The low temporal cutoff of dynamic induction is consistent with other studies (Paradiso and Nakayama, 1991; Paradiso and Hahn, 1996), suggesting that a relatively slow mechanism integrates information over large areas of the visual field to assign the brightness we perceiv ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
NIH Public Access
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
... with performance on a range of complex cognitive tasks (e.g., verbal SAT, Ravens Matrices, etc.). Through nearly 30 years of careful investigation, we and others (Bayliss et al., 2005; Conway et al., 2005; Engle et al., 1999; Miyake, 2001) have concluded that the most valid and reliable measures of ...
... with performance on a range of complex cognitive tasks (e.g., verbal SAT, Ravens Matrices, etc.). Through nearly 30 years of careful investigation, we and others (Bayliss et al., 2005; Conway et al., 2005; Engle et al., 1999; Miyake, 2001) have concluded that the most valid and reliable measures of ...
Functional Independence of Layer IV Barrels in
... in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... It has been noted many times in the past that interneurons synapse onto themselves and onto other interneurons in addition to pyramidal cells (Csillag et al., 1993; Hajós et al., 1988; Hájos et al., 1996) but it has previously remained unclear and difficult to ascertain how this impacts the function ...
... It has been noted many times in the past that interneurons synapse onto themselves and onto other interneurons in addition to pyramidal cells (Csillag et al., 1993; Hajós et al., 1988; Hájos et al., 1996) but it has previously remained unclear and difficult to ascertain how this impacts the function ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...