Neural Basis of Prosopagnosia: An fMRI Study
... occipital gyrus (IOG). We studied activation of these areas using fMRI in three individuals with severely impaired face recognition (one pure developmental and two childhood prosopagnosics). None of the subjects showed the normal pattern of higher fMRI activity to faces than to objects in the FFA an ...
... occipital gyrus (IOG). We studied activation of these areas using fMRI in three individuals with severely impaired face recognition (one pure developmental and two childhood prosopagnosics). None of the subjects showed the normal pattern of higher fMRI activity to faces than to objects in the FFA an ...
thalamus
... Efferents: Projects to primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe. Areas 41, 42 ( Heschl's gyri or ...
... Efferents: Projects to primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe. Areas 41, 42 ( Heschl's gyri or ...
Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure
... white matter pathways9 detected by fractional anisotropy (see Box 1). Similarly, practice of a complex whole-body balancing task results in increased gray matter in frontal and parietal cortex after just 2 days of training, and altered fractional anisotropy in corresponding white matter regions over ...
... white matter pathways9 detected by fractional anisotropy (see Box 1). Similarly, practice of a complex whole-body balancing task results in increased gray matter in frontal and parietal cortex after just 2 days of training, and altered fractional anisotropy in corresponding white matter regions over ...
Learning
... experience or do something, but also when we see someone else do or experience the same thing. – We feel disgust when we see someone react to the taste of ...
... experience or do something, but also when we see someone else do or experience the same thing. – We feel disgust when we see someone react to the taste of ...
mechanisms of neurotransmitter receptor biogenesis and trafficking
... little is known. For example, we now know that GABA is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. We do not know how it gets inside this cell organelle but assume it is transported there by a protein. Because it has been known for decades that GABA is present inside mitochondria, a cell organelle involved ...
... little is known. For example, we now know that GABA is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. We do not know how it gets inside this cell organelle but assume it is transported there by a protein. Because it has been known for decades that GABA is present inside mitochondria, a cell organelle involved ...
A channel to neurodegeneration
... lives or dies. The work may also open the door neurons triggers cell death. This finding runs for new therapeutic strategies aimed at slowing counter to prevailing notions that neurodegeneration is associated with hyper- rather the progression of Parkinson disease. If KATP channels govern differenti ...
... lives or dies. The work may also open the door neurons triggers cell death. This finding runs for new therapeutic strategies aimed at slowing counter to prevailing notions that neurodegeneration is associated with hyper- rather the progression of Parkinson disease. If KATP channels govern differenti ...
Inhibition
... Introduction • Eye fixation is an active process • Two mechanisms have been proposed: – An inhibition of the saccadic system by the fixation system • When fixation occurs, the threshold for evoking saccades increases by electrical stimulation from the frontal eye field (FEF) and the superior collic ...
... Introduction • Eye fixation is an active process • Two mechanisms have been proposed: – An inhibition of the saccadic system by the fixation system • When fixation occurs, the threshold for evoking saccades increases by electrical stimulation from the frontal eye field (FEF) and the superior collic ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
... used to measure preference for short term rewards; it was found that preference for short-term rewards was greatest among the 12- to 13-year-olds. The Delay Discounting task compares the preference for a small reward which is delivered immediately to a large reward which is delivered after a delay. ...
... used to measure preference for short term rewards; it was found that preference for short-term rewards was greatest among the 12- to 13-year-olds. The Delay Discounting task compares the preference for a small reward which is delivered immediately to a large reward which is delivered after a delay. ...
The Continuity Strategy, Human Behavior, and Behavior
... distantly related species is akin to viewing the tips of evolutionary branches, not the rungs of a single evolutionary ladder. As such, evolution progresses outward, from the pOint at which different species differentiated, to the present containing features of both new and old. In this way, discont ...
... distantly related species is akin to viewing the tips of evolutionary branches, not the rungs of a single evolutionary ladder. As such, evolution progresses outward, from the pOint at which different species differentiated, to the present containing features of both new and old. In this way, discont ...
Imitating the Brain with Neurocomputer A New Way towards Artificial
... ly wrong just like putting the cart before the horse. However, if we move our attention from the traditional thinking to where is the biological intelligence from, we may find a new way to create the artificial general intelligence, following a new methodology named as Imitationalism. The underlying ...
... ly wrong just like putting the cart before the horse. However, if we move our attention from the traditional thinking to where is the biological intelligence from, we may find a new way to create the artificial general intelligence, following a new methodology named as Imitationalism. The underlying ...
Barlow, Horace (2001) - Cambridge Neuroscience
... more channels, though it is true that each is active at a lower rate. The increase in cell numbers is enormous, with more than a thousand times as many neurons concerned with vision in the human cortex as there are ganglion cells in the two retinas. The average frequency of impulses certainly becom ...
... more channels, though it is true that each is active at a lower rate. The increase in cell numbers is enormous, with more than a thousand times as many neurons concerned with vision in the human cortex as there are ganglion cells in the two retinas. The average frequency of impulses certainly becom ...
9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience MIT OpenCourseWare Fall 2007
... Barry W. Connors, and Michael A. Paradiso. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. ...
... Barry W. Connors, and Michael A. Paradiso. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... behavior because of their association with powerful reinforcers, such as addictive agents. Neurobiological studies of addictive behavior have naturally focused on the neural systems and cellular mechanisms of these reinforcers (e.g., Day & Carelli, 2007; Schultz, 2001; Solinas, Goldberg, & Piomelli, ...
... behavior because of their association with powerful reinforcers, such as addictive agents. Neurobiological studies of addictive behavior have naturally focused on the neural systems and cellular mechanisms of these reinforcers (e.g., Day & Carelli, 2007; Schultz, 2001; Solinas, Goldberg, & Piomelli, ...
PDF
... actively conducted in small animal models. Optogenetics has been applied to study the spinal cord operation, which is responsible for the limb movements (Hägglund et al., 2010). In this study, with optogenetics authors described that glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for rhyth ...
... actively conducted in small animal models. Optogenetics has been applied to study the spinal cord operation, which is responsible for the limb movements (Hägglund et al., 2010). In this study, with optogenetics authors described that glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for rhyth ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... rewards not just present rewards. The consequence of this is that the ␦t at one point in time drives learning based on the immediately prior sensory input state xit ⫺ 1. This produces a chain-reaction effect in which a reward prediction error at one point in time propagates earlier and earlier in ti ...
... rewards not just present rewards. The consequence of this is that the ␦t at one point in time drives learning based on the immediately prior sensory input state xit ⫺ 1. This produces a chain-reaction effect in which a reward prediction error at one point in time propagates earlier and earlier in ti ...
Rnd family genes are differentially regulated by 3,4 - HAL
... neurite branching in PC12 cells has been demonstrated (Fujita et al., 2002). The effect observed here in the prefrontal cortex suggest a stimulation of neurite branching in the case of cocaine in this structure. The mRNA level of Rnd3 was affected by the two drugs tested in the three structures at d ...
... neurite branching in PC12 cells has been demonstrated (Fujita et al., 2002). The effect observed here in the prefrontal cortex suggest a stimulation of neurite branching in the case of cocaine in this structure. The mRNA level of Rnd3 was affected by the two drugs tested in the three structures at d ...
AP Psychology: Learning Assessment Directions: Read each
... b. May create problems in the short term but rarely produces long-term negative side effects. c. Is effective because it is a quick, direct way of informing the learner of what behavior is expected. d. May happen frequently because if the punished person stops misbehaving for a while this reinforces ...
... b. May create problems in the short term but rarely produces long-term negative side effects. c. Is effective because it is a quick, direct way of informing the learner of what behavior is expected. d. May happen frequently because if the punished person stops misbehaving for a while this reinforces ...
Supporting methods 1) Participants The study was approved by the
... each mean level equally often. We also note that including randomly drawn reward probabilities had the advantage of more clearly dissociating learning from decisions: if the task only had had reward and effort magnitude information, participants would have been able to make a decision for the next t ...
... each mean level equally often. We also note that including randomly drawn reward probabilities had the advantage of more clearly dissociating learning from decisions: if the task only had had reward and effort magnitude information, participants would have been able to make a decision for the next t ...
Behaviorism*
... such a causal relationship. At the end of a long trial we read that the jury shows signs of brain fag, that the nerves of the accused are on edge, that the wife of the accused is on the verge of a nervous breakdown, and that his lawyer is generally thought to have lacked the brains needed to stand u ...
... such a causal relationship. At the end of a long trial we read that the jury shows signs of brain fag, that the nerves of the accused are on edge, that the wife of the accused is on the verge of a nervous breakdown, and that his lawyer is generally thought to have lacked the brains needed to stand u ...
multiple choice
... C) money D) a flashing light E) food 23) Operant Conditioning explains how new behaviors can be learned while Classical Conditioning refers only to ________ behaviors. 23) ______ A) cognitive B) voluntary C) reflexive D) insightful E) All of the above 24) B.F. Skinner was a radical behaviorist who r ...
... C) money D) a flashing light E) food 23) Operant Conditioning explains how new behaviors can be learned while Classical Conditioning refers only to ________ behaviors. 23) ______ A) cognitive B) voluntary C) reflexive D) insightful E) All of the above 24) B.F. Skinner was a radical behaviorist who r ...
Economics and Happiness Research: Insights
... paradox” which is that the overall standard of living has increased for individuals over time while the level of satisfaction or happiness, over that same period of time, has remained constant.6 Why, researchers wonder, has the overall level of satisfaction with life remained constant while standard ...
... paradox” which is that the overall standard of living has increased for individuals over time while the level of satisfaction or happiness, over that same period of time, has remained constant.6 Why, researchers wonder, has the overall level of satisfaction with life remained constant while standard ...
Principles of Appetitive Conditioning
... An average interval of time between available reinforcers, but the interval varies from one reinforcement to the next contingency Characterized by steady rates of responding The longer the interval, the lower the response rate Scallop effect does not occur on VI schedules Encourages S-R habit learni ...
... An average interval of time between available reinforcers, but the interval varies from one reinforcement to the next contingency Characterized by steady rates of responding The longer the interval, the lower the response rate Scallop effect does not occur on VI schedules Encourages S-R habit learni ...