- Nottingham ePrints
... A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that acces ...
... A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that acces ...
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis antimicrobial therapy
... an off-label application. Bulbar subconjunctival dosages of 1 to 2 ml should be administered at 36 hour intervals for 2 to 3 treatments. Both eyes should be treated even if only a single eye is clinically affected. Unaffected eyes should be treated prior to affected eyes and procedures should be in ...
... an off-label application. Bulbar subconjunctival dosages of 1 to 2 ml should be administered at 36 hour intervals for 2 to 3 treatments. Both eyes should be treated even if only a single eye is clinically affected. Unaffected eyes should be treated prior to affected eyes and procedures should be in ...
LIPOPHILICITY с METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND ITS ROLE
... to its target. Drug-receptor interactions involve fundamentally the same intermolecular forces as those acting on the partitioning of a solute between water and an immiscible organic phase (4). It is generally accepted that binding of a drug to a protein passes through the replacement and release of ...
... to its target. Drug-receptor interactions involve fundamentally the same intermolecular forces as those acting on the partitioning of a solute between water and an immiscible organic phase (4). It is generally accepted that binding of a drug to a protein passes through the replacement and release of ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
... benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) ...
... benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) ...
Reprint
... reduced susceptibility to the drug (23). In the model, treatment with zanamivir was assumed to be 50% less prone to generating resistance, with the rate of 0.0036 per day accounting for less than 2% of zanamivir resistance (23). It was also assumed that resistant virus strains remained transmissible ...
... reduced susceptibility to the drug (23). In the model, treatment with zanamivir was assumed to be 50% less prone to generating resistance, with the rate of 0.0036 per day accounting for less than 2% of zanamivir resistance (23). It was also assumed that resistant virus strains remained transmissible ...
... Although some studies indicate that sulpiride (an atypical neuroleptic drug) increases body weight in female rodents after long-term administration, this action is less clear in males. In this study, we examined the effect of three doses of sulpiride (40, 60 or 80 mg/kg, ip) or physiological saline, ...
Preview the material
... herbal supplement that is often marketed as a natural anti-depressant. St John’s wort may work for this purpose but it can cause serious drug interactions with many commonly prescribed medications. Weight loss supplements typically contain caffeine or substances such as guarana that act like caffein ...
... herbal supplement that is often marketed as a natural anti-depressant. St John’s wort may work for this purpose but it can cause serious drug interactions with many commonly prescribed medications. Weight loss supplements typically contain caffeine or substances such as guarana that act like caffein ...
Thyroid and Parathyroid Agents
... many other problems that are common to older adults—hair loss, slurred speech, fluid retention, heart failure, and so on it is important to screen older adults for thyroid disease carefully before beginning any therapy. The dose should be started at a very low level and increased based on the patien ...
... many other problems that are common to older adults—hair loss, slurred speech, fluid retention, heart failure, and so on it is important to screen older adults for thyroid disease carefully before beginning any therapy. The dose should be started at a very low level and increased based on the patien ...
Chapter-3 Drug and Excipients profile
... inflammatory lesions. Isotretinoin inhibits proliferation of sebocytes and appears to act in acne by re-setting the orderly program of differentiation. Sebum is a major substrate for the growth of Propionibacterium acnes so that reduced sebum production inhibits bacterial colonisation of the duct. ...
... inflammatory lesions. Isotretinoin inhibits proliferation of sebocytes and appears to act in acne by re-setting the orderly program of differentiation. Sebum is a major substrate for the growth of Propionibacterium acnes so that reduced sebum production inhibits bacterial colonisation of the duct. ...
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Extract of
... the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. Crude methanolic extract of the herb Rhodiola rosea were prepared and analyzed for its pharmacological activity. Swiss albino mice are used for acute toxicity study and also analgesic property of the extract by using Tail flick, Acetic acid induced writhing reflex and ...
... the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. Crude methanolic extract of the herb Rhodiola rosea were prepared and analyzed for its pharmacological activity. Swiss albino mice are used for acute toxicity study and also analgesic property of the extract by using Tail flick, Acetic acid induced writhing reflex and ...
Introduction - InterVivo Solutions
... pellet) or intravenous nicotine (0.03mg/infusion) reinforcement each made available under an FR5TO20s schedule. Upper panels show the number of reinforcements received over the 60min session, and the lower panel the number of active lever presses recorded over the same test session. In each study ra ...
... pellet) or intravenous nicotine (0.03mg/infusion) reinforcement each made available under an FR5TO20s schedule. Upper panels show the number of reinforcements received over the 60min session, and the lower panel the number of active lever presses recorded over the same test session. In each study ra ...
Effects of endocannabinoid neurotransmission modulators on brain
... et al. 2001). Another approach to avoid these unwanted adverse effects is to enhance endogenous cannabinoid tone through inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation. There are experimental and medical interests in studying the effects of molecules that selectively interfere with endocannabinoid neurot ...
... et al. 2001). Another approach to avoid these unwanted adverse effects is to enhance endogenous cannabinoid tone through inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation. There are experimental and medical interests in studying the effects of molecules that selectively interfere with endocannabinoid neurot ...
LC-MS/MS Chiral Separation of âdâ and âlâ Enantiomers of
... Amphetamine and methamphetamine are psycho-stimulant drugs of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs. Both compounds occur in two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary. In the case of the methamphetamine, the dextromethamphetamine [d-isomer; (S)-(+)-methamphetamine] is pha ...
... Amphetamine and methamphetamine are psycho-stimulant drugs of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs. Both compounds occur in two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary. In the case of the methamphetamine, the dextromethamphetamine [d-isomer; (S)-(+)-methamphetamine] is pha ...
Simultaneous Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and
... also CB1/CB2 receptor agonists. AEA levels are regulated in vivo by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH; Cravatt et al., 1996), whereas 2-AG levels are regulated by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL; Dinh et al., 2002). Drug inhibitors of FAAH and MAGL that inhibit degradation of AEA and 2-AG, respectively ...
... also CB1/CB2 receptor agonists. AEA levels are regulated in vivo by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH; Cravatt et al., 1996), whereas 2-AG levels are regulated by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL; Dinh et al., 2002). Drug inhibitors of FAAH and MAGL that inhibit degradation of AEA and 2-AG, respectively ...
PDF 838 kb - Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
... In these instances, the DDD value may not mirror the drug utilization patterns observed in groups that are only composed of children or in mixed population groups that include children. Children’s doses are reflected in drugs prescribed only to children. Thus, although the DDD is generally expected t ...
... In these instances, the DDD value may not mirror the drug utilization patterns observed in groups that are only composed of children or in mixed population groups that include children. Children’s doses are reflected in drugs prescribed only to children. Thus, although the DDD is generally expected t ...
here - National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium
... multiple clinical programs. This presentation will highlight select case study examples of clinical failures due to poor oral drug exposure and unexpected toxicology, as well as the many confounding factors associated with confirming a role for AO in the metabolism of a candidate d ...
... multiple clinical programs. This presentation will highlight select case study examples of clinical failures due to poor oral drug exposure and unexpected toxicology, as well as the many confounding factors associated with confirming a role for AO in the metabolism of a candidate d ...
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of the hypothermic
... analogue, DU-28848 (N-[2-[4-[2,3-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl]-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-4-flurobenzamide hydrochloride). Corticosterone and dexamethasone were obtained from Sigma (The Netherlands). Dichloromethane was purchased from Riedel-De Haën (Seelze, Germany). All other chemical ...
... analogue, DU-28848 (N-[2-[4-[2,3-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl]-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-4-flurobenzamide hydrochloride). Corticosterone and dexamethasone were obtained from Sigma (The Netherlands). Dichloromethane was purchased from Riedel-De Haën (Seelze, Germany). All other chemical ...
06_chapter_3
... Propofol is highly protein-bound in vivo and is metabolized by conjugation in the liver.(90) Its rate of clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow, suggesting an extrahepatic site of elimination as well.(91) The half life of elimination of propofol has been estimated at between 2 and 24 hours. However, i ...
... Propofol is highly protein-bound in vivo and is metabolized by conjugation in the liver.(90) Its rate of clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow, suggesting an extrahepatic site of elimination as well.(91) The half life of elimination of propofol has been estimated at between 2 and 24 hours. However, i ...
Receptors as Drug Targets
... • Receptors become sensititized on long term exposure to antagonists • Cell synthesises more receptors to compensate for blocked receptors • Cells become more sensitive to natural messenger • Can result in tolerance and dependence • Increased doses of antagonist are required to achieve same effect ( ...
... • Receptors become sensititized on long term exposure to antagonists • Cell synthesises more receptors to compensate for blocked receptors • Cells become more sensitive to natural messenger • Can result in tolerance and dependence • Increased doses of antagonist are required to achieve same effect ( ...
APhA BOOKS AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS 2014
... • A new chapter tells how to discuss sensitive topics that patients may find difficult to speak with pharmacists about because of embarrassment, cultural beliefs, or fear of social stigma. • Another new chapter describes the way limited literacy, or even limited health literacy, can affect patie ...
... • A new chapter tells how to discuss sensitive topics that patients may find difficult to speak with pharmacists about because of embarrassment, cultural beliefs, or fear of social stigma. • Another new chapter describes the way limited literacy, or even limited health literacy, can affect patie ...
SECONDARY METABOLITES ISOLATED FROM PEROVSKIA
... atom types, number of chiral centers, and number of rings and chains (Gao, 2010). Based on the results of this investigation, it was determined that natural products are significantly more diverse than combinatorial compounds (Gao, 2010). Furthermore, natural products have superior drug-like propert ...
... atom types, number of chiral centers, and number of rings and chains (Gao, 2010). Based on the results of this investigation, it was determined that natural products are significantly more diverse than combinatorial compounds (Gao, 2010). Furthermore, natural products have superior drug-like propert ...
WHO Drug Information - World Health Organization
... information puts greater pressure on regulators to react professionally and with transparency in a minimum of time. In spite of many positive developments in the Global regulatory arena it is worrying that the gaps among regulatory systems ...
... information puts greater pressure on regulators to react professionally and with transparency in a minimum of time. In spite of many positive developments in the Global regulatory arena it is worrying that the gaps among regulatory systems ...
Guidance for Industry Acne Vulgaris: Developing Drugs for Treatment DRAFT GUIDANCE
... in lesion counts from baseline may not always translate into a successful IGA outcome, it is recommended that power calculations be based on both endpoints (see Section IV., Study Design). As the range of baseline lesion counts is expected to affect the success rates of the outcomes, and may vary fr ...
... in lesion counts from baseline may not always translate into a successful IGA outcome, it is recommended that power calculations be based on both endpoints (see Section IV., Study Design). As the range of baseline lesion counts is expected to affect the success rates of the outcomes, and may vary fr ...
CP47,497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in `Spice` herbal
... stereoisomer at each of the concentrations tested. Each stereoisomer's suppressive effects were reversed by 1 μM rimonabant treatment. Fig. 5C and D shows example time courses of recordings from autaptic neurons treated with increasing concentrations of cis-CP47,497-C8 and trans-CP47,497-C8, respect ...
... stereoisomer at each of the concentrations tested. Each stereoisomer's suppressive effects were reversed by 1 μM rimonabant treatment. Fig. 5C and D shows example time courses of recordings from autaptic neurons treated with increasing concentrations of cis-CP47,497-C8 and trans-CP47,497-C8, respect ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.