abstracts
... extensively by enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, the large size and water soluble nature of these drugs prevent them from being absorbed through the GIT. For siRNA based therapeutics, another challenge to overcome is the inability of these negatively charge molecules to cross ...
... extensively by enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, the large size and water soluble nature of these drugs prevent them from being absorbed through the GIT. For siRNA based therapeutics, another challenge to overcome is the inability of these negatively charge molecules to cross ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION -----------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS------
... Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity also has been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If an ...
... Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity also has been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If an ...
Adverse Side Effects in Horses Following the Administration of
... known as first generation) or atypical (also known as second generation).11 Fluphenazine is classified as a typical antipsychotic, which refers to the fact that when used in clinically effective dosages, they typically induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and symptoms.12 Typical antipsychotics h ...
... known as first generation) or atypical (also known as second generation).11 Fluphenazine is classified as a typical antipsychotic, which refers to the fact that when used in clinically effective dosages, they typically induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and symptoms.12 Typical antipsychotics h ...
1 introduction
... The suffering associated with schizophrenia is enormous – for patients, families, and in society at large. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, without which most psychosocial treatment would not be possible. However, substantial variety in efficacy as well as frequently reported side effec ...
... The suffering associated with schizophrenia is enormous – for patients, families, and in society at large. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, without which most psychosocial treatment would not be possible. However, substantial variety in efficacy as well as frequently reported side effec ...
Genvoya - Gilead
... tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), has been reported with the use of tenofovir prodrugs in both animal toxicology studies and human trials. In clinical trials of GENVOYA, there have been no cases of Fanconi syndrome or Proximal Renal Tubulopathy (PRT). In clinical trials of GENVOYA in tre ...
... tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), has been reported with the use of tenofovir prodrugs in both animal toxicology studies and human trials. In clinical trials of GENVOYA, there have been no cases of Fanconi syndrome or Proximal Renal Tubulopathy (PRT). In clinical trials of GENVOYA in tre ...
What’s special about methadone?
... side effects such as slowed or stopped breathing, and dangerous changes in heart beat in patients receiving methadone. These serious side effects may occur because methadone may build up in the body to a toxic level if it is taken too often, if the amount taken is too high, or if it is taken with ce ...
... side effects such as slowed or stopped breathing, and dangerous changes in heart beat in patients receiving methadone. These serious side effects may occur because methadone may build up in the body to a toxic level if it is taken too often, if the amount taken is too high, or if it is taken with ce ...
Calcium-Channel Blocker–Clarithromycin Drug Interactions and
... Sonja Gandhi, BSc; Jamie L. Fleet, BHSc; David G. Bailey, BScPhm, PhD; Eric McArthur, MSc; Ron Wald, MD; Faisal Rehman, MD; Amit X. Garg, MD, PhD ...
... Sonja Gandhi, BSc; Jamie L. Fleet, BHSc; David G. Bailey, BScPhm, PhD; Eric McArthur, MSc; Ron Wald, MD; Faisal Rehman, MD; Amit X. Garg, MD, PhD ...
Mastic Gum Kills Helicobacter pylori
... The H. pylori strains NCTC 11637 (a standard reference strain) and six fresh clinical isolates (three were sensitive and three were resistant to metronidazole) were maintained by passage on 7 percent horse chocolate blood agar or in IsoSensitest broth (with 5 percent fetal-calf serum) at 37°C in a m ...
... The H. pylori strains NCTC 11637 (a standard reference strain) and six fresh clinical isolates (three were sensitive and three were resistant to metronidazole) were maintained by passage on 7 percent horse chocolate blood agar or in IsoSensitest broth (with 5 percent fetal-calf serum) at 37°C in a m ...
Development of a Common Cyclobenzaprine
... The ability of hard gelatin capsules to blind the contents has made them uniquely suitable for blinding a new drug and its positive comparators in early clinical trials. The trials are usually designed to compare one medication with another to evaluate the relative safety and/or efficacy of the new ...
... The ability of hard gelatin capsules to blind the contents has made them uniquely suitable for blinding a new drug and its positive comparators in early clinical trials. The trials are usually designed to compare one medication with another to evaluate the relative safety and/or efficacy of the new ...
Pharmacokinetics Pallasch, TJ Anes. Progress 35:133
... Some drugs have such high Extraction ratios that virtually all is removed First pass through the liver. If the drug is taken orally literally none of it reaches the tissue. Romazicon, flumazenil, is such a drug. It cannot be given orally as it is absorbed through the intestinal wall into the portal ...
... Some drugs have such high Extraction ratios that virtually all is removed First pass through the liver. If the drug is taken orally literally none of it reaches the tissue. Romazicon, flumazenil, is such a drug. It cannot be given orally as it is absorbed through the intestinal wall into the portal ...
opioid codrugs for pain management - UKnowledge
... Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissus damage or described in terms of such damage. Opioids are effective in treating moderate to severe pain, but opioid alone therapy is associated with several adverse effects, development of tolerance and ...
... Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissus damage or described in terms of such damage. Opioids are effective in treating moderate to severe pain, but opioid alone therapy is associated with several adverse effects, development of tolerance and ...
Supramolecular organization of model liquid crystalline
... precise and specific for creatinine measurement than the classic Jaffe methods [3]. Enzymatic assays are thus recommended. However, creatinine enzymatic assays are not free from interference, as has been described with flucytosine and high doses of dobutamine [3]. We have studied, in vitro, potentia ...
... precise and specific for creatinine measurement than the classic Jaffe methods [3]. Enzymatic assays are thus recommended. However, creatinine enzymatic assays are not free from interference, as has been described with flucytosine and high doses of dobutamine [3]. We have studied, in vitro, potentia ...
Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs
... a drug which displays one or more of the following characteristics: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity or fertility impairment, or serious organ or other toxic manifestation at low doses in experimental animals or treated patients. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ...
... a drug which displays one or more of the following characteristics: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity or fertility impairment, or serious organ or other toxic manifestation at low doses in experimental animals or treated patients. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ...
Formulation Development of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Tablet by
... administering the drug, attention must be paid to their design, development and manufacturing technique in order to get the correct medicinal benefits. This directly compressible formulation was compared with three leading marketed brands for efficiency and competence. These marketed brands are manu ...
... administering the drug, attention must be paid to their design, development and manufacturing technique in order to get the correct medicinal benefits. This directly compressible formulation was compared with three leading marketed brands for efficiency and competence. These marketed brands are manu ...
IDrugs The Investigational Drugs Journal
... bone marrow damage seen with other nuclear medicines. In a phase I/II clinical trial, tin-117m DTPA completely or substantially relieved the pain in 75% of 47 enrolled patients, with relief lasting up to one year. Bone marrow toxicity was also much less than comparable therapies. Two multi-center, d ...
... bone marrow damage seen with other nuclear medicines. In a phase I/II clinical trial, tin-117m DTPA completely or substantially relieved the pain in 75% of 47 enrolled patients, with relief lasting up to one year. Bone marrow toxicity was also much less than comparable therapies. Two multi-center, d ...
Ef fects of bupropion and me ca mylamine on mo ti va tional ef fects
... e.g. anxiety, learning and memory, nociception, and that repeated administration of nicotine, an agonist of neuronal cholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), produces physical dependence [14,19]. Similarly, CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands modulate locomotion, anxiety, memory, nociception and rewar ...
... e.g. anxiety, learning and memory, nociception, and that repeated administration of nicotine, an agonist of neuronal cholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), produces physical dependence [14,19]. Similarly, CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands modulate locomotion, anxiety, memory, nociception and rewar ...
The Impact of Hepatic Uptake on the Pharmacokinetics of Organic
... hepatic uptake on the Vss of a drug (Paine et al., 2008; Grover and Benet, 2009) and the potential impact of drug-drug interactions. Acid drugs [which are typically characterized by low Vss (0.1– 0.25 l/kg) because of their poor tissue distribution and high plasma protein binding] are particularly s ...
... hepatic uptake on the Vss of a drug (Paine et al., 2008; Grover and Benet, 2009) and the potential impact of drug-drug interactions. Acid drugs [which are typically characterized by low Vss (0.1– 0.25 l/kg) because of their poor tissue distribution and high plasma protein binding] are particularly s ...
030106b - Veterinaria.org
... Hawkey et al. (1998) compared omeprazole with misoprostol for ulcers and erosions associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. They found that the overall rates of successful treatment of ulcers, erosions, and symptoms associated with NSAIDs were similar for the two doses of omeprazole and m ...
... Hawkey et al. (1998) compared omeprazole with misoprostol for ulcers and erosions associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. They found that the overall rates of successful treatment of ulcers, erosions, and symptoms associated with NSAIDs were similar for the two doses of omeprazole and m ...
Systemic Antibiotics
... Mechanism of action. The mechanism of action of cephalosporins is the inhibition of the bacterial cell-wall synthesis similar to that of penicillin. It is important to realise that cephalosporins are not active against the following microorganisms: MRSA, methicillin-resistant CNS, Enterococcus spp., ...
... Mechanism of action. The mechanism of action of cephalosporins is the inhibition of the bacterial cell-wall synthesis similar to that of penicillin. It is important to realise that cephalosporins are not active against the following microorganisms: MRSA, methicillin-resistant CNS, Enterococcus spp., ...
Pharmacological Activity of Vinca Alkaloids
... phenomenon have also been reported with the use of vinca alkaloids [95-97]. Vinca alkaloids are contraindicated during pregnancy, have been planning for pregnancy or during breastfeeding as it may cause birth abnormalities. Patients should not receive any vaccinations while taking this medication. V ...
... phenomenon have also been reported with the use of vinca alkaloids [95-97]. Vinca alkaloids are contraindicated during pregnancy, have been planning for pregnancy or during breastfeeding as it may cause birth abnormalities. Patients should not receive any vaccinations while taking this medication. V ...
cns depressant activities of roots of coccos nucifera in mice
... depressant action (19). Reduction of pinna reflex and awareness may be due to synapses block of the afferent pathway or due to overall CNS depressant action (28, 29). In this study, the mechanism whereby EECN depressed awareness, touch and pain responses, righting reflex, pinna reflex, corneal refle ...
... depressant action (19). Reduction of pinna reflex and awareness may be due to synapses block of the afferent pathway or due to overall CNS depressant action (28, 29). In this study, the mechanism whereby EECN depressed awareness, touch and pain responses, righting reflex, pinna reflex, corneal refle ...
Zopiclone is a drug with very similar effects
... to them by their doctor may be advised to switch to an equivalent dose of the longer lasting diazepam and then slowly reduce over several months. However, doctors and drug clinics do not usually prescribe benzo-like sleeping pills to drug users recovering from zopiclone dependence (or for any other ...
... to them by their doctor may be advised to switch to an equivalent dose of the longer lasting diazepam and then slowly reduce over several months. However, doctors and drug clinics do not usually prescribe benzo-like sleeping pills to drug users recovering from zopiclone dependence (or for any other ...
- Nottingham ePrints
... A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that acces ...
... A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that acces ...
Investigating the Efficacy and Anti-Resistance Activity
... infections result in a vicious cycle of poverty in infected communities where they are both its cause and effect(6). Although these diseases are termed “neglected,” commitment to controlling the various NTDs have increased internationally in recent years(7). In fact, in the year 2012, WHO formulated ...
... infections result in a vicious cycle of poverty in infected communities where they are both its cause and effect(6). Although these diseases are termed “neglected,” commitment to controlling the various NTDs have increased internationally in recent years(7). In fact, in the year 2012, WHO formulated ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.