Metabolism Phase-I
... 2. Do all drugs need to pass through phase-I metabolism? Which drugs can directly pass to phase-II? 3. Some drugs can be partially eliminated from the body without any metabolism. Why? 4. Drug interacts with metabolizing enzyme in a manner similar to drug-target interaction. However, the later inter ...
... 2. Do all drugs need to pass through phase-I metabolism? Which drugs can directly pass to phase-II? 3. Some drugs can be partially eliminated from the body without any metabolism. Why? 4. Drug interacts with metabolizing enzyme in a manner similar to drug-target interaction. However, the later inter ...
Functional Contextual Pharmacology #4
... Drugs as Interoceptive Stimuli - “no fundamental difference in behavioral functions of interoceptive & exteroceptive stimuli” “interoceptive stimuli can belong to the same functional class as exteroceptive stimuli” “drug effects are fundamentally (behaviorally) lawful, although they also are a funct ...
... Drugs as Interoceptive Stimuli - “no fundamental difference in behavioral functions of interoceptive & exteroceptive stimuli” “interoceptive stimuli can belong to the same functional class as exteroceptive stimuli” “drug effects are fundamentally (behaviorally) lawful, although they also are a funct ...
Document
... Kinetics in Overdose • Distribution may be altered, for example protein binding sites in the blood may become saturated - Vd may change • Elimination kinetics may change; often dramatically, when enzymes become saturated and enter zero-order kinetics, an increase in dose will now lead too much grea ...
... Kinetics in Overdose • Distribution may be altered, for example protein binding sites in the blood may become saturated - Vd may change • Elimination kinetics may change; often dramatically, when enzymes become saturated and enter zero-order kinetics, an increase in dose will now lead too much grea ...
Amerge - Pinky S. Tiwari, MD, PA
... Use this drug as directed. Generally one dose is taken by mouth, then if the headache returns or only partial relief occurs a second dose is used four hours later. The recommended maximum is 5 mg in 24 hours. If there is no relief from the first dose taken, consult your doctor or pharmacist before t ...
... Use this drug as directed. Generally one dose is taken by mouth, then if the headache returns or only partial relief occurs a second dose is used four hours later. The recommended maximum is 5 mg in 24 hours. If there is no relief from the first dose taken, consult your doctor or pharmacist before t ...
Name________________________________ CHS3501
... 1) _______The Controlled Substance Act established five schedules of classification for substances based on the drug's: A) medical value. B) potential for abuse. C) potential for physical and psychological dependence. D) all of the above 2) _______The ability to make a positive identification of a d ...
... 1) _______The Controlled Substance Act established five schedules of classification for substances based on the drug's: A) medical value. B) potential for abuse. C) potential for physical and psychological dependence. D) all of the above 2) _______The ability to make a positive identification of a d ...
Pharmacy Technician*s Course. LaGuardia Community College
... Interaction 1: warfarin vs. many drugs. Warfarin or coumadin ® has many drug interactions. Critical ones involve NSAIDS like ibuprofen and diclofenac and aspirin. Other interaction involve herbals like gingko and garlic. These interaction increase the risk of fatal bleeding Interaction 2: ACE inhibi ...
... Interaction 1: warfarin vs. many drugs. Warfarin or coumadin ® has many drug interactions. Critical ones involve NSAIDS like ibuprofen and diclofenac and aspirin. Other interaction involve herbals like gingko and garlic. These interaction increase the risk of fatal bleeding Interaction 2: ACE inhibi ...
SEDATIVES / HYPNOTICS Barbiturates • Second choice as sedative
... Mechanism of Action 1. Facilitation of GABA action on the brain. increase the duration of the GABA gated channel opening but in large dose, they can directly activating chloride channels. (not through BZD receptors). 2. depress excitatory neurotransmitter actions 3. Interfere with Na & K transport a ...
... Mechanism of Action 1. Facilitation of GABA action on the brain. increase the duration of the GABA gated channel opening but in large dose, they can directly activating chloride channels. (not through BZD receptors). 2. depress excitatory neurotransmitter actions 3. Interfere with Na & K transport a ...
PRESCRIPTION DRUG STRATEGIES FOR STATES
... treated for (name the type of patients by symptoms, disease, etc.)? ...
... treated for (name the type of patients by symptoms, disease, etc.)? ...
Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics
... and trans-sulfoxide, 22.3% of the dose as glucuronic acid conjugate and 4% of the dose as Noxide of cevimeline). Approximately 8% of the trans-sulfoxide metabolite is then converted into the corresponding glucuronic acid conjugate and eliminated. Cevimeline did not inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes 1 ...
... and trans-sulfoxide, 22.3% of the dose as glucuronic acid conjugate and 4% of the dose as Noxide of cevimeline). Approximately 8% of the trans-sulfoxide metabolite is then converted into the corresponding glucuronic acid conjugate and eliminated. Cevimeline did not inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes 1 ...
Designer and look
... brain, primarily by causing the release of a neurotransmitter (chemical that carries signals between nerve cells) called serotonin. The rise in serotonin levels causes many users to experience changes in mood or mental outlook. Some users report that the drug triggers a feeling of euphoria or exhi ...
... brain, primarily by causing the release of a neurotransmitter (chemical that carries signals between nerve cells) called serotonin. The rise in serotonin levels causes many users to experience changes in mood or mental outlook. Some users report that the drug triggers a feeling of euphoria or exhi ...
Pharmacology Review
... extremes in temperature and humidity that can cause them to deteriorate. Some may require special storage conditions, such as refrigeration. ...
... extremes in temperature and humidity that can cause them to deteriorate. Some may require special storage conditions, such as refrigeration. ...
BROMHEXINE Elixir Dear patient, Please read the
... Please inform your doctor if other medicines are being taken or have been taken recently. No clinically relevant unfavorable interactions with other medications have been reported. Adverse reactions This drug is usually well tolerated when used as directed. The most reported adverse reactions were m ...
... Please inform your doctor if other medicines are being taken or have been taken recently. No clinically relevant unfavorable interactions with other medications have been reported. Adverse reactions This drug is usually well tolerated when used as directed. The most reported adverse reactions were m ...
What is a drug - William Ellis School
... number of red blood cells, allowing the body to carry extra oxygen, and disperse waste products and lactic acid. This effect increases aerobic capacity, which is useful in, for example longer distance events and cycle events. ...
... number of red blood cells, allowing the body to carry extra oxygen, and disperse waste products and lactic acid. This effect increases aerobic capacity, which is useful in, for example longer distance events and cycle events. ...
DRUGS - INDUCED CONSCIOUSNESS
... heightened sensations to depression, fear, and in some instances, psychotic reactions. It becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish among past, present, and future. The user sometimes needs other people to help monitor what is inside and what is outside „self“. Depending on dosage, acute effects ...
... heightened sensations to depression, fear, and in some instances, psychotic reactions. It becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish among past, present, and future. The user sometimes needs other people to help monitor what is inside and what is outside „self“. Depending on dosage, acute effects ...
Pharmacokinetics
... a. PK is our body’s action on the drug, how our bodies respond to the drug, and dynamics of drug from the site of administration of drug to the site of action as well as its elimination. b. (Drawing on board): concentration on y and time on X axis. Lets say you take 2 pills of Motrin and over time y ...
... a. PK is our body’s action on the drug, how our bodies respond to the drug, and dynamics of drug from the site of administration of drug to the site of action as well as its elimination. b. (Drawing on board): concentration on y and time on X axis. Lets say you take 2 pills of Motrin and over time y ...
Understanding Drugs and Medicines
... • Many pharmacies will also give you a drug information sheet that includes: – Side effects – Known interactions with other medicines ...
... • Many pharmacies will also give you a drug information sheet that includes: – Side effects – Known interactions with other medicines ...
How do Drugs Work?
... PROTEINS are tiny molecular machines that perform most of the tasks needed to keep cells alive. These machines are far too small to see, so you might imagine that it is impossible to affect their action. However, drugs can be used to turn proteins on or off. DRUGS are small molecules that bind to on ...
... PROTEINS are tiny molecular machines that perform most of the tasks needed to keep cells alive. These machines are far too small to see, so you might imagine that it is impossible to affect their action. However, drugs can be used to turn proteins on or off. DRUGS are small molecules that bind to on ...
Stáhnout zdroj prezentace
... Interpatient Variability - Pharmacokinetic factors: Elimination Liver disease (eg cirrhosis) affects first-pass by: (1) direct impairment of hepatocellular function; (2) shunting drug directly into the systemic circulation - increased bioavailability may be huge (eg 10-fold for chlormethiazole) - p ...
... Interpatient Variability - Pharmacokinetic factors: Elimination Liver disease (eg cirrhosis) affects first-pass by: (1) direct impairment of hepatocellular function; (2) shunting drug directly into the systemic circulation - increased bioavailability may be huge (eg 10-fold for chlormethiazole) - p ...
Drugs - North Allegheny School District
... Mescaline – is the psychoactive ingredient of the _________________. LSD – (acid) effects are widely unpredictable. Some users believe that they can fly LSD “acid” is odorless, colorless. Often added to absorbent paper, such as blotter paper, and divided into small decorated squares. The effects ...
... Mescaline – is the psychoactive ingredient of the _________________. LSD – (acid) effects are widely unpredictable. Some users believe that they can fly LSD “acid” is odorless, colorless. Often added to absorbent paper, such as blotter paper, and divided into small decorated squares. The effects ...
Drugs used for treatment of AIDS
... improvements .can also be used to prevent viral transmission It slow HIV replication but does not stop entirely. Virus may become resistant over time ,usually used in combination. ...
... improvements .can also be used to prevent viral transmission It slow HIV replication but does not stop entirely. Virus may become resistant over time ,usually used in combination. ...
Overview - science of addiction
... 6) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use 7) The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance ...
... 6) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use 7) The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance ...
Synergistic stabilization of BCS Class II drug
... and phenylbutazone (PB) was reduced separately in an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with/without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) via a stirred media mill. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, rheometry and electrophoresis were used to evaluate the breaka ...
... and phenylbutazone (PB) was reduced separately in an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with/without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) via a stirred media mill. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, rheometry and electrophoresis were used to evaluate the breaka ...
The Future of Psychiatric Research: Genomes and Neural
... a GABAA receptor agonist with subtypeselective efficacy, as a potential treatment for generalized anxiety disorder an anxioselective compound with functional selectivity for alpha2- and alpha3-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors. ...
... a GABAA receptor agonist with subtypeselective efficacy, as a potential treatment for generalized anxiety disorder an anxioselective compound with functional selectivity for alpha2- and alpha3-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors. ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.