Chemistry In Everyday Life
... bacteria etc. which are called microbes. They can be seen only by microscope. The disease causing microbes are called pathogens. Our body possesses natural defense mechanism against the pathogenic microbes. Skin is impervious to microbes. Our body secretions kill the microbes or inhibit their growth ...
... bacteria etc. which are called microbes. They can be seen only by microscope. The disease causing microbes are called pathogens. Our body possesses natural defense mechanism against the pathogenic microbes. Skin is impervious to microbes. Our body secretions kill the microbes or inhibit their growth ...
140a_Class25
... Treatment: Although there are some addicts who genuinely desire treatment for their addictions, the majority only desire short-term help after a bad crash. • Even many of those who enroll in programs seeking help are not up to the commitment. Compulsion: Research provides evidence that the longer on ...
... Treatment: Although there are some addicts who genuinely desire treatment for their addictions, the majority only desire short-term help after a bad crash. • Even many of those who enroll in programs seeking help are not up to the commitment. Compulsion: Research provides evidence that the longer on ...
Major Drug Conventions
... cocaine, and cannabis like effects to be added to the Schedules. • The strength of the drug is not relevant; only the similarity of its effects to the substances already controlled. • The Single Convention of Narcotics Drugs of 1961 could not regulate the many newly discovered substances , since its ...
... cocaine, and cannabis like effects to be added to the Schedules. • The strength of the drug is not relevant; only the similarity of its effects to the substances already controlled. • The Single Convention of Narcotics Drugs of 1961 could not regulate the many newly discovered substances , since its ...
Addiction as a Disease PowerPoint Slides
... properties) – long term exposure • Molecular mechanisms – long term exposure ...
... properties) – long term exposure • Molecular mechanisms – long term exposure ...
Midodrine Information Leaflet
... The dose should be increased at intervals of 3 – 5 days until the optimal response is obtained. Most patients are controlled on doses at or below 30mg daily in divided doses Doses should be taken in the morning, at noon and evening. The last dose should be taken at least four hours before be ...
... The dose should be increased at intervals of 3 – 5 days until the optimal response is obtained. Most patients are controlled on doses at or below 30mg daily in divided doses Doses should be taken in the morning, at noon and evening. The last dose should be taken at least four hours before be ...
Topics to be Covered
... • Refers to how with repeated use of a drug, it takes more of it to achieve the same effect. – Receptors on postsynaptic membrane may disappear in response to repeated cocaine use (cellular tolerance) – With repeated consumption, more enzymes are present in liver and blood to break down alcohol, thu ...
... • Refers to how with repeated use of a drug, it takes more of it to achieve the same effect. – Receptors on postsynaptic membrane may disappear in response to repeated cocaine use (cellular tolerance) – With repeated consumption, more enzymes are present in liver and blood to break down alcohol, thu ...
Complementary Therapies
... • … are defined by FDA as “vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites” intended to supplement the diet and to promote health and relieve symptoms of disease. • … are regulated under: 1) Dietary Supplement & H ...
... • … are defined by FDA as “vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites” intended to supplement the diet and to promote health and relieve symptoms of disease. • … are regulated under: 1) Dietary Supplement & H ...
routes of drug administration
... Rectal Route: Many drugs that are administered orally can also be administered rectally as a suppository. In this form, a drug is mixed with a waxy substance that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the rectum. Because the rectum's wall is thin and its blood supply rich, the drug is rea ...
... Rectal Route: Many drugs that are administered orally can also be administered rectally as a suppository. In this form, a drug is mixed with a waxy substance that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the rectum. Because the rectum's wall is thin and its blood supply rich, the drug is rea ...
The Good Hospital Practice Training Series
... Ask for a READ BACK from the receiver of the order. Listen carefully and verbally confirm that your order has been correctly understood. Do not hang up until you are sure. ...
... Ask for a READ BACK from the receiver of the order. Listen carefully and verbally confirm that your order has been correctly understood. Do not hang up until you are sure. ...
210_Blanks_lecture3_drugs
... More on this later in the class Basic Principles of Drug Effects Drugs may or may not have different effects depending upon their _________________________________ Frequently the level of drug in the body is different based upon the method of administration Also, different side effects may occur Coc ...
... More on this later in the class Basic Principles of Drug Effects Drugs may or may not have different effects depending upon their _________________________________ Frequently the level of drug in the body is different based upon the method of administration Also, different side effects may occur Coc ...
Introduction To Pharmacology
... kidney and out of the body in the urine. To be excreted by the kidney, drugs need to be reasonably hydrophilic so that they will remain in the fluid that becomes the urine. Patients with impaired kidney function usually have a reduced ability to eliminate hydrophilic drugs. To avoid excessively high ...
... kidney and out of the body in the urine. To be excreted by the kidney, drugs need to be reasonably hydrophilic so that they will remain in the fluid that becomes the urine. Patients with impaired kidney function usually have a reduced ability to eliminate hydrophilic drugs. To avoid excessively high ...
Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Hepatic
... studies in rats and primates in combination with human epidemiologic investigations indicate potential risks to humans. Thus, a variety of adverse effects have been associated with the use/abuse of this class of drugs in humans, including a life-threatening serotonin syndrome, hepatotoxicity, neurot ...
... studies in rats and primates in combination with human epidemiologic investigations indicate potential risks to humans. Thus, a variety of adverse effects have been associated with the use/abuse of this class of drugs in humans, including a life-threatening serotonin syndrome, hepatotoxicity, neurot ...
Management of Drug Formulary
... the use of health care services Major factor contributing to resistance of costeffectiveness analysis AMCP format will help health systems establish a rational evidence-based decision making As a result will gain the confidence and trust of patients as well as clinicians, payers and ...
... the use of health care services Major factor contributing to resistance of costeffectiveness analysis AMCP format will help health systems establish a rational evidence-based decision making As a result will gain the confidence and trust of patients as well as clinicians, payers and ...
NEW Psychoactive DRUGS
... [ Prefer effect – People take drugs for a number of reasons and they usually have a preferred effect in mind. NPS can cause a range of different effects including euphoria, relaxation, increased confidence, empathy (connection with others) and altered perceptions. The overall effect of a drug depen ...
... [ Prefer effect – People take drugs for a number of reasons and they usually have a preferred effect in mind. NPS can cause a range of different effects including euphoria, relaxation, increased confidence, empathy (connection with others) and altered perceptions. The overall effect of a drug depen ...
Why is Pharma So Scared of Psychiatric Drug Discovery?
... molecule inhibitors of Nav1.7 were sought, especially since the null mutant mice otherwise appear healthy, suggesting such compounds, if selective, would be free of the cardiac side effects associated with broad spectrum sodium channel blockers [3]. Intense effort has indeed identified potent and se ...
... molecule inhibitors of Nav1.7 were sought, especially since the null mutant mice otherwise appear healthy, suggesting such compounds, if selective, would be free of the cardiac side effects associated with broad spectrum sodium channel blockers [3]. Intense effort has indeed identified potent and se ...
Similarities and Differences Between Brand Name and
... generic drugs must meet Health Canada’s standards for bioequivalence. Bioequivalent drug formulations have the same bioavailability; that is, the same rate and extent of absorption. New drug formulations must meet standards set by Health Canada. If the generic drug is bioequivalent, it is assumed th ...
... generic drugs must meet Health Canada’s standards for bioequivalence. Bioequivalent drug formulations have the same bioavailability; that is, the same rate and extent of absorption. New drug formulations must meet standards set by Health Canada. If the generic drug is bioequivalent, it is assumed th ...
Ketorolac Tromethamine 10 mg Tablet
... Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction. CONTRAINDICATION Toralin is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug ...
... Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction. CONTRAINDICATION Toralin is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug ...
Asparaginase
... and thus rescue from methotrexate antitumor activity and host toxicity. It is recommended that these drugs be administered 24 hours apart. ...
... and thus rescue from methotrexate antitumor activity and host toxicity. It is recommended that these drugs be administered 24 hours apart. ...
Investigational New Drug (IND)
... satisfied that the drug was safe – NOT just the manufacturer – prior to distribution ...
... satisfied that the drug was safe – NOT just the manufacturer – prior to distribution ...
Pharmacology Exam for Grade 2007 Oversea Students (A)
... D. Carbimazole E. Thyroid hormones 28. All of the following statement about glucocorticoids are true except A. inhibiting both the early and the late manifestation of inflammation B. affecting all types of inflammatory reactions C. inhibiting the amount of lymphocyte D. inhibiting the release of ara ...
... D. Carbimazole E. Thyroid hormones 28. All of the following statement about glucocorticoids are true except A. inhibiting both the early and the late manifestation of inflammation B. affecting all types of inflammatory reactions C. inhibiting the amount of lymphocyte D. inhibiting the release of ara ...
Classification Scheme for Illicit Drugs
... In a mass spectrometer, an electron beam is directed at sample molecules in a vacuum chamber. The electrons break apart the sample molecules into many positive-charged fragments. These are sorted and collected according to their mass-to-charge ratio by an oscillating electric or magnetic field. ...
... In a mass spectrometer, an electron beam is directed at sample molecules in a vacuum chamber. The electrons break apart the sample molecules into many positive-charged fragments. These are sorted and collected according to their mass-to-charge ratio by an oscillating electric or magnetic field. ...
lsd (lysergic acid diethylamide)
... The drug is not physically addictive. If used for 3 to 4 days consecutively, it would cease to produce an effect. Users have reported experiencing ‘flashbacks’, reliving a few seconds or minutes of a trip weeks, months or even ...
... The drug is not physically addictive. If used for 3 to 4 days consecutively, it would cease to produce an effect. Users have reported experiencing ‘flashbacks’, reliving a few seconds or minutes of a trip weeks, months or even ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.