Pharmacology - premedication
... hypotension (biphasic changes), bradycardia and second degree atrioventricular block, and decreased cardiac output. Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importan ...
... hypotension (biphasic changes), bradycardia and second degree atrioventricular block, and decreased cardiac output. Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importan ...
f6db72152f717a8
... adipose tissue. They also interfere with the formation of VLDL in the liver. They ...
... adipose tissue. They also interfere with the formation of VLDL in the liver. They ...
coagulation final 2
... Heparin: variable anticoagulant effect • Variable protein binding • Clearance varies with chain length • Therefore, anticoagulant response monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) • Target 1.5 – 2.5 times control ...
... Heparin: variable anticoagulant effect • Variable protein binding • Clearance varies with chain length • Therefore, anticoagulant response monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) • Target 1.5 – 2.5 times control ...
Causes and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
... Biologic/Genetic • Substance Abuse and Dependence runs in families. – Diathesis for certain types of alcohol dependence. Mechanism seems to tolerance – Diathesis for other drugs is less clear. Probably through a temperamental characteristic, psychopathology and/or dopamine NT system sensitivity ...
... Biologic/Genetic • Substance Abuse and Dependence runs in families. – Diathesis for certain types of alcohol dependence. Mechanism seems to tolerance – Diathesis for other drugs is less clear. Probably through a temperamental characteristic, psychopathology and/or dopamine NT system sensitivity ...
6 Synergy and polyvalence: paradigms to explain the activity of herbal products
... generated is to explain the effects seen in terms of ingredients detected which, on their own as single compounds, have relatively weak activity. Such explanations are often couched in terms of synergy and polyvalence, but the meaning of these terms is often not fully understood, with consequent con ...
... generated is to explain the effects seen in terms of ingredients detected which, on their own as single compounds, have relatively weak activity. Such explanations are often couched in terms of synergy and polyvalence, but the meaning of these terms is often not fully understood, with consequent con ...
Drug-Induced Suppression of Conditioned Stimulus Intake: Reward
... consummatory behavior. Finally, drugs of abuse do not elicit active rejection responses in the taste reactivity tests, whereas classical toxins do. On the other hand, drug-induced suppression is analogous to the anticipatory contrast, such that both preparations use a rewarding US that results in t ...
... consummatory behavior. Finally, drugs of abuse do not elicit active rejection responses in the taste reactivity tests, whereas classical toxins do. On the other hand, drug-induced suppression is analogous to the anticipatory contrast, such that both preparations use a rewarding US that results in t ...
Club drugs: review of the `rave` - Indian Council of Medical Research
... serotonin stores in neurons, subsequent doses produce ...
... serotonin stores in neurons, subsequent doses produce ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... The introduction of drugs like amitriptyline,fluvoxamine, imipramine, citalopram, venlafaxine and others have revolutionized the treatment of depression. The amazing efficacy of imipramine and fluoxetine in these depressive disorders has paved the way for the introduction and use of newer anti-depre ...
... The introduction of drugs like amitriptyline,fluvoxamine, imipramine, citalopram, venlafaxine and others have revolutionized the treatment of depression. The amazing efficacy of imipramine and fluoxetine in these depressive disorders has paved the way for the introduction and use of newer anti-depre ...
Pharmaceutical Care III Fall 2007
... If you are taking more than one inhaled medication, it is important to take them in the correct order. Bronchodilating medications are usually taken first to open the airways and allow other types of medications to be more effectively inhaled into the lungs. Corticosteroids and cromolyn are inhaled ...
... If you are taking more than one inhaled medication, it is important to take them in the correct order. Bronchodilating medications are usually taken first to open the airways and allow other types of medications to be more effectively inhaled into the lungs. Corticosteroids and cromolyn are inhaled ...
Antifungals - ACH Pediatric Residents
... in pts with underlying risks, highest w/ voriconazole DI with other high risk drugs Qtdrugs.org Many formulations contain cyclodextrin solubilizer, can accumulate in renal dysfunction ...
... in pts with underlying risks, highest w/ voriconazole DI with other high risk drugs Qtdrugs.org Many formulations contain cyclodextrin solubilizer, can accumulate in renal dysfunction ...
ACPS- clinical pharmacology subcommittee meeting
... • In vitro studies demonstrated that varenicline does not inhibit human renal transport proteins at therapeutic concentrations. Therefore, drugs that are cleared by renal secretion (e.g. metformin -see below) are unlikely to be affected by varenicline. • In vitro studies demonstrated the active rena ...
... • In vitro studies demonstrated that varenicline does not inhibit human renal transport proteins at therapeutic concentrations. Therefore, drugs that are cleared by renal secretion (e.g. metformin -see below) are unlikely to be affected by varenicline. • In vitro studies demonstrated the active rena ...
~ ~ Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc, ,
... recommended starting dose in patients with decreased renal function . ...
... recommended starting dose in patients with decreased renal function . ...
Drugs
... “Balanced Anaesthesia” - A combination of agents, to limit the dose and toxicity of each drug ...
... “Balanced Anaesthesia” - A combination of agents, to limit the dose and toxicity of each drug ...
Multi-target therapeutics - Corporate-ir
... (Box 1). In the first class, the therapeutic effect occurs at separate molecular targets that can reside within individual signaling pathways, between pathways within a cell or at separate tissues in the body. In the second category, modulation of one target facilitates action at a second target, fo ...
... (Box 1). In the first class, the therapeutic effect occurs at separate molecular targets that can reside within individual signaling pathways, between pathways within a cell or at separate tissues in the body. In the second category, modulation of one target facilitates action at a second target, fo ...
Antimycobacterials
... the drug is used alone. High-level resistance is associated with mutation of katG gene that codes for a enzyme KatG involved in the bioactivation of isoniazid. Low-level resistance occurs via deletions in genes that encode the "target enzymes". INH is completely absorbed orally and penetrates all bo ...
... the drug is used alone. High-level resistance is associated with mutation of katG gene that codes for a enzyme KatG involved in the bioactivation of isoniazid. Low-level resistance occurs via deletions in genes that encode the "target enzymes". INH is completely absorbed orally and penetrates all bo ...
Norepinephrine
... Note : Ecstasy , Khat , Ephedra are the only drugs that should be memorized for the exam Khat and ephedra are natural drugs , the remaining plants are synthetic . Ephedra is also called Ma Huang plant ( very important for exam ) Phentermine is a stimulant similar to an amphetamine. It acts as ...
... Note : Ecstasy , Khat , Ephedra are the only drugs that should be memorized for the exam Khat and ephedra are natural drugs , the remaining plants are synthetic . Ephedra is also called Ma Huang plant ( very important for exam ) Phentermine is a stimulant similar to an amphetamine. It acts as ...
Clinical Implications of Chirality and Stereochemistry in
... features that are mirror-image opposite each other, such as handedness, hair whorl direction, tooth patterns, and unilateral eye and ear defects. Stereoisomer compounds possess the same molecular and structural formula but have different three-dimensional configurations. Chiral compounds have two mi ...
... features that are mirror-image opposite each other, such as handedness, hair whorl direction, tooth patterns, and unilateral eye and ear defects. Stereoisomer compounds possess the same molecular and structural formula but have different three-dimensional configurations. Chiral compounds have two mi ...
Household Terms • ¼ gallon = 1 quart = 2 pints = 4 cups = 32
... NB [CYP] highest in ER and [ER] highest in liver/enterocytes hence highest [CYP] is in liver/enterocytes, there are several families but the most important one are 3A, there is extensive polymorphism b/t people, CYP enzymes can also have inducers/inhibitors therefore when you are giving a drug th ...
... NB [CYP] highest in ER and [ER] highest in liver/enterocytes hence highest [CYP] is in liver/enterocytes, there are several families but the most important one are 3A, there is extensive polymorphism b/t people, CYP enzymes can also have inducers/inhibitors therefore when you are giving a drug th ...
Antimicrobials - Dr. Brahmbhatt`s Class Handouts
... spectrum of activity, used for gram-negative bacteria. Pneumonia – Aerobic bacteria, bactericidal – Are not absorbed well from the GI tract, so are given parenterally – Suffix –micin or –mycin (but are not the only group to use these suffixes e.g. clindamycin, erthromycin) – T1/2 = 2-5 hours still S ...
... spectrum of activity, used for gram-negative bacteria. Pneumonia – Aerobic bacteria, bactericidal – Are not absorbed well from the GI tract, so are given parenterally – Suffix –micin or –mycin (but are not the only group to use these suffixes e.g. clindamycin, erthromycin) – T1/2 = 2-5 hours still S ...
A4 Stable Angina
... - started when pt has regular sx or when sx causing activity -Blockers Efficacy - 1st line tx (80 – 90% pts improved anginal sx) - the only tx shown to affect CAD mortality - cardioprotective, antiHTN effects - ideal for pts with concomitant HTN, resting HR, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial ...
... - started when pt has regular sx or when sx causing activity -Blockers Efficacy - 1st line tx (80 – 90% pts improved anginal sx) - the only tx shown to affect CAD mortality - cardioprotective, antiHTN effects - ideal for pts with concomitant HTN, resting HR, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial ...
Zopiclone/Eszopiclone
... Zopiclone and eszopiclone are currently classified schedule IV under the Controlled Substance Act in the U.S. The potential for abuse and toxicity due to overdose has been observed for both drugs.Human urine and blood remain important matrix types for testing of drugs of abuse. These two drugs can b ...
... Zopiclone and eszopiclone are currently classified schedule IV under the Controlled Substance Act in the U.S. The potential for abuse and toxicity due to overdose has been observed for both drugs.Human urine and blood remain important matrix types for testing of drugs of abuse. These two drugs can b ...
H. Antifungal agents
... - The number of the double bonds correlate directly to activity and inversely ...
... - The number of the double bonds correlate directly to activity and inversely ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.