- NDLScholarship
... 16. W. B. Cannon (1871-1945). American physiologist, author of THE WISDOM OF THE BODY (1932) in which he defines "homeostasis." ...
... 16. W. B. Cannon (1871-1945). American physiologist, author of THE WISDOM OF THE BODY (1932) in which he defines "homeostasis." ...
MDR TB treatments during pregnancy
... A small number of drugs used for MDR-TB treatment, such as streptomycin and other aminoglycosides, entail known risks during pregnancy. For most MDR-TB drugs, however, there are no human data for pregnant patients (Table 1). Without that data, it is impossible to predict the risk for adverse events ...
... A small number of drugs used for MDR-TB treatment, such as streptomycin and other aminoglycosides, entail known risks during pregnancy. For most MDR-TB drugs, however, there are no human data for pregnant patients (Table 1). Without that data, it is impossible to predict the risk for adverse events ...
maxolon - Medsafe
... and heart block) in association with intravenous metoclopramide. Raised serum prolactin levels have been observed during Maxolon therapy: this may result in galactorrhoea, irregular periods and gynacecomastia. Although uncommon at normal dosage, various extrapyramidal reactions to Maxolon, usually o ...
... and heart block) in association with intravenous metoclopramide. Raised serum prolactin levels have been observed during Maxolon therapy: this may result in galactorrhoea, irregular periods and gynacecomastia. Although uncommon at normal dosage, various extrapyramidal reactions to Maxolon, usually o ...
Lithium Adverse Effects
... Other common monitoring parameters: pregnancy test at baseline; Ca, Cr, urinalysis, TSH at baseline, then at least q6-12mo; serum drug levels 2x/wk until stable, then q2mo until chronic steady dose, then q6-12mo; ECG at baseline in pts >40 yo or if cardiovascular dz, then q6-12mo; consider CBC at ba ...
... Other common monitoring parameters: pregnancy test at baseline; Ca, Cr, urinalysis, TSH at baseline, then at least q6-12mo; serum drug levels 2x/wk until stable, then q2mo until chronic steady dose, then q6-12mo; ECG at baseline in pts >40 yo or if cardiovascular dz, then q6-12mo; consider CBC at ba ...
MODIFIED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
... Modified release dosage forms are drug delivery systems (DDS) which, by virtue of formulation and product design, provide drug release in a modified form distinct from that of the conventional dosage forms. Drug release can either be delayed or extended in nature. ...
... Modified release dosage forms are drug delivery systems (DDS) which, by virtue of formulation and product design, provide drug release in a modified form distinct from that of the conventional dosage forms. Drug release can either be delayed or extended in nature. ...
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES OF LIPOSPHERES: OVERVIEW Review Article SATHEESHBABU.N*
... triglycerides and monoglycerides are produced by melt dispersion technique, solvent evaporation or multiple emulsion method, sonication method, rotoevaporation method, microfluidiser method and co solvent method. The various bio active compounds are incorporated in to LS that can be administered in ...
... triglycerides and monoglycerides are produced by melt dispersion technique, solvent evaporation or multiple emulsion method, sonication method, rotoevaporation method, microfluidiser method and co solvent method. The various bio active compounds are incorporated in to LS that can be administered in ...
Revisão - Química Nova
... of 25 is a glucose analog comprising an endocyclic nitrogen instead of the pyranosidic oxygen in glucose. This drug was shown to be a potent inhibitor of both α- and β-glucosidase in the 1970s.39 Although it presents relevant activity, the hydroxyl group at C–1 makes the ...
... of 25 is a glucose analog comprising an endocyclic nitrogen instead of the pyranosidic oxygen in glucose. This drug was shown to be a potent inhibitor of both α- and β-glucosidase in the 1970s.39 Although it presents relevant activity, the hydroxyl group at C–1 makes the ...
Inhibitory effect of deltorphin-II on development of
... malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi [1]. It is a disease that can be treated in just 48 hours, yet, it can cause fatal complications if the diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Malaria is the fifth-most common cause of death from infectious diseases worl ...
... malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi [1]. It is a disease that can be treated in just 48 hours, yet, it can cause fatal complications if the diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Malaria is the fifth-most common cause of death from infectious diseases worl ...
Document
... Bioavailability (F) refers to the rate and extent to which a drug or a metabolite enters general circulation. From the bloodstream, the drug or metabolite is capable of reaching its site of action. Several variables affect bioavailability. For example, the formulation and pH of the drug can affect h ...
... Bioavailability (F) refers to the rate and extent to which a drug or a metabolite enters general circulation. From the bloodstream, the drug or metabolite is capable of reaching its site of action. Several variables affect bioavailability. For example, the formulation and pH of the drug can affect h ...
Drug Metabolism and Individualized Medicine
... shown to play a major role in the metabolism of many drugs, some of which exhibit a narrow therapeutic index or a steep dose-pharmacological response profile [13-14]. Among the numerous P450 subtypes, CYP2D6, 3A4/3A5, 1A2, 2E1, 2C9 and 2C19 play important part in genetically determined responses to ...
... shown to play a major role in the metabolism of many drugs, some of which exhibit a narrow therapeutic index or a steep dose-pharmacological response profile [13-14]. Among the numerous P450 subtypes, CYP2D6, 3A4/3A5, 1A2, 2E1, 2C9 and 2C19 play important part in genetically determined responses to ...
found - Truth In Advertising
... serious health risks because consumers with underlying medical issues may take the products without knowing that they can cause serious harm or interact in dangerous ways with other drugs they may be taking. For example, PDE-5 inhibitors may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs (s ...
... serious health risks because consumers with underlying medical issues may take the products without knowing that they can cause serious harm or interact in dangerous ways with other drugs they may be taking. For example, PDE-5 inhibitors may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs (s ...
PharmaMedDevice 2007 Issues in nanodrug delivery and
... Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA) emphasized that the line between medical devices and pharmaceuticals is blurring as the two technologies continue to increasingly overlap. Some critical trends and issues pertaining to nanotechnology and nanomedicine were highlighted. Dr Bawa stated that one of ...
... Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA) emphasized that the line between medical devices and pharmaceuticals is blurring as the two technologies continue to increasingly overlap. Some critical trends and issues pertaining to nanotechnology and nanomedicine were highlighted. Dr Bawa stated that one of ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Patient was investigated, her UPT was negative, Hb 7 gm%, B Positive, Ultrasound revealed bulky uterus with 8 x 4 cm hyperechoic area with increased AV channels within it. Endometrium was not separately made out as seen in fig 1. MRI revealed large enhancing tissue/mass seen in endometrial cavity. D ...
... Patient was investigated, her UPT was negative, Hb 7 gm%, B Positive, Ultrasound revealed bulky uterus with 8 x 4 cm hyperechoic area with increased AV channels within it. Endometrium was not separately made out as seen in fig 1. MRI revealed large enhancing tissue/mass seen in endometrial cavity. D ...
a review on: sustained release technology
... a) Aqueous solubility and pKa A drug to be absorbed it must be dissolved in the aqueous phase surrounding the site of administration and then partition into the absorbing membrane. Two of the most important physicochemical properties of a drug that influence its absorptive behavior are its aqueous s ...
... a) Aqueous solubility and pKa A drug to be absorbed it must be dissolved in the aqueous phase surrounding the site of administration and then partition into the absorbing membrane. Two of the most important physicochemical properties of a drug that influence its absorptive behavior are its aqueous s ...
Suggestion from clinicians
... This review provides a reasonable amount of data to assess the trough BP lowering effect of 9 different ARBs. When the different ARBs are compared, there is a similarity in their BP lowering effects at trough. When the best estimate of the near maximal BP lowering efficacy of these 9 drugs is compar ...
... This review provides a reasonable amount of data to assess the trough BP lowering effect of 9 different ARBs. When the different ARBs are compared, there is a similarity in their BP lowering effects at trough. When the best estimate of the near maximal BP lowering efficacy of these 9 drugs is compar ...
Vol. 4 (3) -March 2009
... contamination, mix-ups, and errors that may lead to manufacturing of sub-standard or poor quality drugs. This in turn, protects the patients from purchasing a product which is not effective or even dangerous. GMP inspections can be initiated by BFAD at any time. Other violations of the ...
... contamination, mix-ups, and errors that may lead to manufacturing of sub-standard or poor quality drugs. This in turn, protects the patients from purchasing a product which is not effective or even dangerous. GMP inspections can be initiated by BFAD at any time. Other violations of the ...
Dopamine Agonists - Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust
... agonists are very rarely used now as they can cause scarring problems in the heart, lungs or abdomen in some patients. We now use the Non Ergot agonists in most people so the Ergot agonists will not be described further. In general, no one dopamine agonist is better than another for the treatment of ...
... agonists are very rarely used now as they can cause scarring problems in the heart, lungs or abdomen in some patients. We now use the Non Ergot agonists in most people so the Ergot agonists will not be described further. In general, no one dopamine agonist is better than another for the treatment of ...
Quiz #2
... COLUMN represents a different animal which was pretreated with one or more drugs before the test drug sequence. Assume the pretreatment drugs are used in doses at least adequate to elicit their most characteristic pharmacological effects and that all pretreatment drugs act throughout the experiment. ...
... COLUMN represents a different animal which was pretreated with one or more drugs before the test drug sequence. Assume the pretreatment drugs are used in doses at least adequate to elicit their most characteristic pharmacological effects and that all pretreatment drugs act throughout the experiment. ...
Unit Two Power point
... • There are many types of diagnostic testing (too many to cover at one time) • A diagnostic tests helps determine the specific cause of various signs or symptoms • Important: test results are not the sole diagnosis of a patient. • Important: one abnormal test result does not make a diagnosis ...
... • There are many types of diagnostic testing (too many to cover at one time) • A diagnostic tests helps determine the specific cause of various signs or symptoms • Important: test results are not the sole diagnosis of a patient. • Important: one abnormal test result does not make a diagnosis ...
Paracetamol - Pediatric Oncall
... According to WHO paracetamol is the drug of first choice* . Ibuprofen is a useful 2nd line drug. No other NSAID including Nimesulide should be prescribed for children with high grade fever and used with caution has been cleared by US FDA for using as antipyretic. ...
... According to WHO paracetamol is the drug of first choice* . Ibuprofen is a useful 2nd line drug. No other NSAID including Nimesulide should be prescribed for children with high grade fever and used with caution has been cleared by US FDA for using as antipyretic. ...
Table 1: Some important drug interactions with Antidepressants
... Increases are variable but can be in the order of 3 – 4 times and more. Increases usually less significant or negligible with citalopram. If the combination is judged necessary, start with the lowest dose of TCA and monitor for dose related adverse effects, e.g. sedation, or anticholinergic symptoms ...
... Increases are variable but can be in the order of 3 – 4 times and more. Increases usually less significant or negligible with citalopram. If the combination is judged necessary, start with the lowest dose of TCA and monitor for dose related adverse effects, e.g. sedation, or anticholinergic symptoms ...
Tutorial Kit (Applied Biology and Biotechnology-300 L)
... circulation, thereby accessing the site of action. b. largely determined by the properties of the dosage form (which depend partly on its design and manufacture). ...
... circulation, thereby accessing the site of action. b. largely determined by the properties of the dosage form (which depend partly on its design and manufacture). ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.