1. An introduction to drugs, their action and discovery
... need new ones? Definition of drug －chemical substances that are used to prevent or cure diseases in humans, animals and plants Activity － pharmaceutical/pharmacological effect on the subject, e.g. analgesic or β-blocker Potency － the quantitative nature of the effect ...
... need new ones? Definition of drug －chemical substances that are used to prevent or cure diseases in humans, animals and plants Activity － pharmaceutical/pharmacological effect on the subject, e.g. analgesic or β-blocker Potency － the quantitative nature of the effect ...
National Essential Anaesthesia Drugs List (NEADL)
... It may be a helpful exercise for teams to consider how reliant their service is on certain generic injectables, and to make contingency plans for shortages. The AAGBI would be pleased to see such exercises submitted as abstracts at WSM London meetings and at its Annual Congresses so that experiences ...
... It may be a helpful exercise for teams to consider how reliant their service is on certain generic injectables, and to make contingency plans for shortages. The AAGBI would be pleased to see such exercises submitted as abstracts at WSM London meetings and at its Annual Congresses so that experiences ...
Sinning and sinned against: The stigmatisation of problem
... vignettes – ‘Mr Williams is a substance abuser/has a substance use disorder’ – s.a. group more likely to see him as personally culpable, requiring a punitive response ‘Drug abuser’ – NIDA, DSM IV. Misleading term – users treat their substances with great devotion. May contribute to stigma. ...
... vignettes – ‘Mr Williams is a substance abuser/has a substance use disorder’ – s.a. group more likely to see him as personally culpable, requiring a punitive response ‘Drug abuser’ – NIDA, DSM IV. Misleading term – users treat their substances with great devotion. May contribute to stigma. ...
MECHANISM OF SOLUBILITY OF LIQUISOLID FORMULATION IN NON VOLATILE SOLVENT:
... and ultimately upon the solubility of drug molecules. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response. 1 The solubility phenomenon is one of the least understood of all the physicochemical properties particula ...
... and ultimately upon the solubility of drug molecules. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response. 1 The solubility phenomenon is one of the least understood of all the physicochemical properties particula ...
indiv_drugs_f14
... 2011 NIMH/NIDA study ◦ Daily use may reduce brain receptor number ◦ Receptors regenerated with cessation ...
... 2011 NIMH/NIDA study ◦ Daily use may reduce brain receptor number ◦ Receptors regenerated with cessation ...
Symax DuoTab - Capellon Pharmaceuticals
... Pediatric Use: This product is not recommended for use in children under two years of age. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergics. Close supervision is recommended for infants and children with spastic paralysis or brain damage since an increas ...
... Pediatric Use: This product is not recommended for use in children under two years of age. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergics. Close supervision is recommended for infants and children with spastic paralysis or brain damage since an increas ...
LECTURE- 3 26-11-2013 Sunu1
... • Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure & cause of 10 % of all cases of kidney failure. • Adverse drug reactions are known to be responsible for between 3% & 12% of admissions to hospitals in Sweden. • Fatal adverse drug reactions are the 7th most common cause of death i ...
... • Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure & cause of 10 % of all cases of kidney failure. • Adverse drug reactions are known to be responsible for between 3% & 12% of admissions to hospitals in Sweden. • Fatal adverse drug reactions are the 7th most common cause of death i ...
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
... It crosses placenta and reaches milk. t½ is 2–3 hr. Adverse effects Headache, dizziness, bowel upset, dry mouth, rashes. Cimetidine (but not other H2 blockers) has: antiandrogenic action, increases plasma prolactin, inhibits degradation of estradiol by liver. High doses given for long periods ha ...
... It crosses placenta and reaches milk. t½ is 2–3 hr. Adverse effects Headache, dizziness, bowel upset, dry mouth, rashes. Cimetidine (but not other H2 blockers) has: antiandrogenic action, increases plasma prolactin, inhibits degradation of estradiol by liver. High doses given for long periods ha ...
Molecular mechanisms of drug metabolism in the
... overcome the advent of isolated cell systems and molecular biological techniques are answering questions that could not be answered by studying patients. Indeed, these techniques will not only help solve some of these problems, they will help prevent others with new drugs. Already drug interactions ...
... overcome the advent of isolated cell systems and molecular biological techniques are answering questions that could not be answered by studying patients. Indeed, these techniques will not only help solve some of these problems, they will help prevent others with new drugs. Already drug interactions ...
Clomipramine Fact Sheet - The Main Line Center for the Family
... Anticholinergic side effects may increase when Anafranil is combined with an anticholinergic agent or another medication with anticholinergic side effects. ...
... Anticholinergic side effects may increase when Anafranil is combined with an anticholinergic agent or another medication with anticholinergic side effects. ...
View PDF - e-Science Central
... few times each day once larger doses area unit needed will decrease the patient compliance. Sustained unharness formulations may that will} maintain plasma level for 8-12 hrs might spare for daily dose. Anti-diabetic HCl presents important challenges because of its poor inherent sponginess, high dos ...
... few times each day once larger doses area unit needed will decrease the patient compliance. Sustained unharness formulations may that will} maintain plasma level for 8-12 hrs might spare for daily dose. Anti-diabetic HCl presents important challenges because of its poor inherent sponginess, high dos ...
File
... Analgesic Effects: Aspirin is most effective in reducing pain of mild to moderate intensity. Muscular, vascular, and dental origin, postpartum states, arthritis, and bursitis are ...
... Analgesic Effects: Aspirin is most effective in reducing pain of mild to moderate intensity. Muscular, vascular, and dental origin, postpartum states, arthritis, and bursitis are ...
How Much Animal Data are Required to Move
... clinic Rat or Mouse? Dog or Monkey? – Relevant species • Metabolism similar to humans • Pharmacology – Species should have the pharmacological target – Some species very sensitive to some drugs » Eg rats and NSAIDS, dogs and glucocorticoid steroids ...
... clinic Rat or Mouse? Dog or Monkey? – Relevant species • Metabolism similar to humans • Pharmacology – Species should have the pharmacological target – Some species very sensitive to some drugs » Eg rats and NSAIDS, dogs and glucocorticoid steroids ...
annexure-ii
... The present study reports a novel attempt to prepare microspheres of the anti-anginal drug trimetazidine hydrochloride by using natural polymer as carrier. Trimetazidine hydrochloride, 1-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl] piperazine, used in angina pectoris and in ischemia of neuro-sensorial tissues a ...
... The present study reports a novel attempt to prepare microspheres of the anti-anginal drug trimetazidine hydrochloride by using natural polymer as carrier. Trimetazidine hydrochloride, 1-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl] piperazine, used in angina pectoris and in ischemia of neuro-sensorial tissues a ...
Biosketch - UNC School of Medicine
... concepts to characterize the activity of molecules in biological systems in terms of quantified molecular properties such that their activity can be predicted in all other systems including therapeutic ones. This work has taken the form of leading drug discovery programs in industry (-adrenocepto ...
... concepts to characterize the activity of molecules in biological systems in terms of quantified molecular properties such that their activity can be predicted in all other systems including therapeutic ones. This work has taken the form of leading drug discovery programs in industry (-adrenocepto ...
Chapter 7 Drugs for Pain and Sleep Problems Barriers to Good Pain
... Most NSAIDs should not be given to women during the last 3 months of pregnancy Most NSAIDs increase blood p0ressure and reduce the effects of antihypertensives, especially ACE inhibitors Acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver and kidneys and should not be taken by anyone with health problems of the ...
... Most NSAIDs should not be given to women during the last 3 months of pregnancy Most NSAIDs increase blood p0ressure and reduce the effects of antihypertensives, especially ACE inhibitors Acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver and kidneys and should not be taken by anyone with health problems of the ...
sheet#3 - DENTISTRY 2012
... The maximum dose of a LA that contains vasoconstrictor for a CVS patient is 40micrograms/ml . Norepinephrine has more significant effects on the cardiovascular system because it effects the Alpha1 receptors more than the Beta2 receptors thus it has higher effects on increasing the blood pressure tha ...
... The maximum dose of a LA that contains vasoconstrictor for a CVS patient is 40micrograms/ml . Norepinephrine has more significant effects on the cardiovascular system because it effects the Alpha1 receptors more than the Beta2 receptors thus it has higher effects on increasing the blood pressure tha ...
DE56A271P - Buclizine hydrochloride
... the metabcdic rate of an animal ~as small as the guinea pig is taken into account. In this animal, therefore, this prolonged action would lead one to expect a cumulative effect of the drug and the development of toxic manifestations with daily doses of the order given to patients. However, such dose ...
... the metabcdic rate of an animal ~as small as the guinea pig is taken into account. In this animal, therefore, this prolonged action would lead one to expect a cumulative effect of the drug and the development of toxic manifestations with daily doses of the order given to patients. However, such dose ...
- Premier University of Technology
... 2. Recording of medication history, self-medication, non-prescription drug usage, improving patient compliance and providing patient counselling, communication skills – behavioral and interpersonal with patients and other professionals. 3. Principles of pharmacovigilance and pharmacoeconomics. 4. Dr ...
... 2. Recording of medication history, self-medication, non-prescription drug usage, improving patient compliance and providing patient counselling, communication skills – behavioral and interpersonal with patients and other professionals. 3. Principles of pharmacovigilance and pharmacoeconomics. 4. Dr ...
controlled drugs
... Great Britain and Ireland recommends that, wherever possible, the best practice is that such pharmaceutical preparations should be purchased from a manufacturer, or prepared under sterile conditions in a hospital pharmacy. This practice is preferable to preparing the solution on an individual basis ...
... Great Britain and Ireland recommends that, wherever possible, the best practice is that such pharmaceutical preparations should be purchased from a manufacturer, or prepared under sterile conditions in a hospital pharmacy. This practice is preferable to preparing the solution on an individual basis ...
Frequently asked questions: ALCOHOL
... Mixing drugs (polydrug use) occurs when two or more drugs are used at the same time or on the same occasion. Examples include combining tobacco and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, alcohol and medications, alcohol and ecstasy. When drugs are mixed the effects may increase or they may produce different ...
... Mixing drugs (polydrug use) occurs when two or more drugs are used at the same time or on the same occasion. Examples include combining tobacco and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, alcohol and medications, alcohol and ecstasy. When drugs are mixed the effects may increase or they may produce different ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.