Q10 Compare and contrast the mechanism of
... calcium by binding to cardiac troponin C. It concentrations, which affects the Na/Ca also binds to K ATP channels in vascular exchanger and results in an increase in smooth muscle to cause vasodilatat ...
... calcium by binding to cardiac troponin C. It concentrations, which affects the Na/Ca also binds to K ATP channels in vascular exchanger and results in an increase in smooth muscle to cause vasodilatat ...
500157 PDF File - Capellon Pharmaceuticals
... Pediatric Use: This product is not recommended for use in children under two years of age. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergics. Close supervision is recommended for infants and children with spastic paralysis or brain damage since an increas ...
... Pediatric Use: This product is not recommended for use in children under two years of age. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergics. Close supervision is recommended for infants and children with spastic paralysis or brain damage since an increas ...
Benzodiazepines
... • Inform the patient of the side-effect profile of benzodiazepines and offer an information leaflet. • Consider and treat, if possible, any underlying causes. • Consider referral to other services. • Consider alternative therapies. • Consider delaying prescribing until a subsequent visit ...
... • Inform the patient of the side-effect profile of benzodiazepines and offer an information leaflet. • Consider and treat, if possible, any underlying causes. • Consider referral to other services. • Consider alternative therapies. • Consider delaying prescribing until a subsequent visit ...
Ethylone Critical Review Report
... ethylone's evaluation in controlled, systematic preclinical and clinical abuse-related procedures are not available. However, it could be interpreted that it has demonstrated similar abuse and ill effects as substances in Schedule II of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, and that the ...
... ethylone's evaluation in controlled, systematic preclinical and clinical abuse-related procedures are not available. However, it could be interpreted that it has demonstrated similar abuse and ill effects as substances in Schedule II of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, and that the ...
multiple choice questions (MCQs)
... effects, should be a tip-off that we are dealing with a drug that interacts with dopamine receptorsspecifically D2, by blocking them. Amoxapine, the correct answer, is a tricyclic antidepressant (secondary amine). It is rather unique among all the tricyclics (other secondary amines, and tertiary ami ...
... effects, should be a tip-off that we are dealing with a drug that interacts with dopamine receptorsspecifically D2, by blocking them. Amoxapine, the correct answer, is a tricyclic antidepressant (secondary amine). It is rather unique among all the tricyclics (other secondary amines, and tertiary ami ...
CNS STIMULANTS
... carbon increases CNS rather than peripheral activity, presumably by retarding metabolism. ...
... carbon increases CNS rather than peripheral activity, presumably by retarding metabolism. ...
Free PDF
... observed that the SLCO1B1 521T>C polymorphism is significantly associated with higher plasma concentrations of lopinavir (LPV) in patients homozygous for the mutant allele (521CC), it would suggest that the entry of lopinavir into the liver via the SLCO1A2 influx transporter is an important determin ...
... observed that the SLCO1B1 521T>C polymorphism is significantly associated with higher plasma concentrations of lopinavir (LPV) in patients homozygous for the mutant allele (521CC), it would suggest that the entry of lopinavir into the liver via the SLCO1A2 influx transporter is an important determin ...
Antimicrobials and Resistance
... - Beta lactam drug - Active against most G+, G-, and anaerobes - Examples • Imipenem: Inactivated by dihydropeptidase (renal tubules); protected by Cilastatin • Meropenem: Not inactivated by DHP enzyme ...
... - Beta lactam drug - Active against most G+, G-, and anaerobes - Examples • Imipenem: Inactivated by dihydropeptidase (renal tubules); protected by Cilastatin • Meropenem: Not inactivated by DHP enzyme ...
Benefit vs. Risk: How CDER Approves New Drugs
... • camphorated oil, a liniment often accidentally ingested with frequently toxic results; • hexachlorophene, once common in deodorant soaps, but now available only by prescription for special antimicrobial purposes because it may damage the central nervous system; ...
... • camphorated oil, a liniment often accidentally ingested with frequently toxic results; • hexachlorophene, once common in deodorant soaps, but now available only by prescription for special antimicrobial purposes because it may damage the central nervous system; ...
Patient Safety & Decision Support
... Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 130 potentially dangerous drug interactions identified two-thirds of those involving the drug cisapride averted Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston 81% decline in medical errors after implementation CPOE 64% of decline due to first, and simplest, version ...
... Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 130 potentially dangerous drug interactions identified two-thirds of those involving the drug cisapride averted Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston 81% decline in medical errors after implementation CPOE 64% of decline due to first, and simplest, version ...
Gout - KSUMSC
... thus preventing the deposition of urate crystals. This can be accomplished by: 1.interfering with uric acid synthesis with allopurinol 2.increasing uric acid excretion with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone 3.inhibiting leukocyte entry into the affected joint with colchicine, 4.administration of NSAIDs ...
... thus preventing the deposition of urate crystals. This can be accomplished by: 1.interfering with uric acid synthesis with allopurinol 2.increasing uric acid excretion with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone 3.inhibiting leukocyte entry into the affected joint with colchicine, 4.administration of NSAIDs ...
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
... prominence. In antipsychotic-related parkinsonism, dopaminergic transmission is blocked by the antagonistic actions of these drugs at postsynaptic dopamine receptors.9 ...
... prominence. In antipsychotic-related parkinsonism, dopaminergic transmission is blocked by the antagonistic actions of these drugs at postsynaptic dopamine receptors.9 ...
Hypertension
... Clonidine, Guanbenz and Guanfacine: •Stimulate 2A subtype of 2 receptors in the brain stem and reduce the central sympathetic outflow • in plasma concentration of NE correlates with the decrease in BP •Decreased sympathetic outflow also reduces cardiac output & HR •In supine position, when the s ...
... Clonidine, Guanbenz and Guanfacine: •Stimulate 2A subtype of 2 receptors in the brain stem and reduce the central sympathetic outflow • in plasma concentration of NE correlates with the decrease in BP •Decreased sympathetic outflow also reduces cardiac output & HR •In supine position, when the s ...
Hypertensive patients with concomitant diseases
... vasodilation with reflex tachycardia. It is capable of reducing blood pressure in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension. The drug has little effect outside the vascular system, acting equally on arterial and venous smooth muscle. Nitroprusside is metabolized rapidly (half-life of minu ...
... vasodilation with reflex tachycardia. It is capable of reducing blood pressure in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension. The drug has little effect outside the vascular system, acting equally on arterial and venous smooth muscle. Nitroprusside is metabolized rapidly (half-life of minu ...
1 Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of
... One third of investigators at academic institutions have personal financial ties with drug industry sponsors. 37% of investigators in the National Academy of Sciences have “dual affiliations” with both universities and drug companies. An analysis of 789 articles from major medical journals found tha ...
... One third of investigators at academic institutions have personal financial ties with drug industry sponsors. 37% of investigators in the National Academy of Sciences have “dual affiliations” with both universities and drug companies. An analysis of 789 articles from major medical journals found tha ...
TB 101 presentation
... – Protections in conditions where rights are restricted are not fulfilled (Siracusa Principles) ...
... – Protections in conditions where rights are restricted are not fulfilled (Siracusa Principles) ...
الشريحة 1
... Drug Interactions Drug interactions are particularly important with oral anticoagulants, and the result may be either an increase or a decrease in the effect of the anticoagulant. Frequent monitoring of the prothrombin time is essential when administering another drug with warfarin, and changing th ...
... Drug Interactions Drug interactions are particularly important with oral anticoagulants, and the result may be either an increase or a decrease in the effect of the anticoagulant. Frequent monitoring of the prothrombin time is essential when administering another drug with warfarin, and changing th ...
Opioid Presentation pt2(updated) [Read
... Metoclopramide (Maxalon) acts centrally at dopamine receptors and has prokinetic action on gut to increase drug absorption. (useful in migraine) Also has some effect at 5HT3 receptor sites. Most commonly used and least effective anti emetic(some studies indicate little better than placebo). ...
... Metoclopramide (Maxalon) acts centrally at dopamine receptors and has prokinetic action on gut to increase drug absorption. (useful in migraine) Also has some effect at 5HT3 receptor sites. Most commonly used and least effective anti emetic(some studies indicate little better than placebo). ...
DRUGS - PlazaDeals.net
... while lighter compounds move more quickly. • Then the sample is funneled into a mass spectrometer, where an electron beam hits it and causes it to break ...
... while lighter compounds move more quickly. • Then the sample is funneled into a mass spectrometer, where an electron beam hits it and causes it to break ...
FDA Proposes New Expansive Animal Drug Antimicrobial Reporting Regulations
... estimate. FDA merely states that it “believes that animal drug sponsors have access to information obtained in the ordinary course of their business (for example, through marketing activities) to estimate the percentage of annual product sales that are sold or distributed domestically for use in any ...
... estimate. FDA merely states that it “believes that animal drug sponsors have access to information obtained in the ordinary course of their business (for example, through marketing activities) to estimate the percentage of annual product sales that are sold or distributed domestically for use in any ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.