arrhythmias - ichapps.com
... inactivation and slower unbinding kinetics result in the selective depression of conduction in depolarized cells. Little effect is seen on the ECG in normal sinus rhythm. Toxicity: Lidocaine is one of the least cardio toxic of the currently used sodium channel blockers. Proarrhythmic effects, includ ...
... inactivation and slower unbinding kinetics result in the selective depression of conduction in depolarized cells. Little effect is seen on the ECG in normal sinus rhythm. Toxicity: Lidocaine is one of the least cardio toxic of the currently used sodium channel blockers. Proarrhythmic effects, includ ...
aeuae_ic_iae_aioeae
... Trigger factors: allergic or non-allergic? Exposure to allergens through occupation or hobbies? Allergens in the home Does patient have history of asthma, eczema, rhinitis? ...
... Trigger factors: allergic or non-allergic? Exposure to allergens through occupation or hobbies? Allergens in the home Does patient have history of asthma, eczema, rhinitis? ...
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA TARGETING OF ANTILEISHMANIAL DRUGS PRODUCED BY
... compounds sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. They have been the first-line drugs for the treatment of Leishmania in humans for 60 years. These must be administered either intravenously or intramuscularly and are associated with considerable gastrointestinal, liver, pancreatic, and card ...
... compounds sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. They have been the first-line drugs for the treatment of Leishmania in humans for 60 years. These must be administered either intravenously or intramuscularly and are associated with considerable gastrointestinal, liver, pancreatic, and card ...
TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
... Avoidance of gastrointestinal absorption difficulties caused by pH, enzyme and drug interaction with food, etc. ...
... Avoidance of gastrointestinal absorption difficulties caused by pH, enzyme and drug interaction with food, etc. ...
NANOSUSPENSION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW Review Artice PRASANNA LAKSHMI*
... also be used as templates to produce nanosuspension. The use of emulsions as templates is applicable for those drugs that are soluble in either volatile organic solvent or partially water‐miscible solvent. Such solvents can be used as the dispersed phase of the emulsion. An organic so ...
... also be used as templates to produce nanosuspension. The use of emulsions as templates is applicable for those drugs that are soluble in either volatile organic solvent or partially water‐miscible solvent. Such solvents can be used as the dispersed phase of the emulsion. An organic so ...
Cell Wall Inhibitor Penicillins
... β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, are ionized at physiologic pH and have low solubility in lipids ...
... β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, are ionized at physiologic pH and have low solubility in lipids ...
Sympatholytics
... By blocking the alpha1-receptors associated with venous smooth muscle, prazosin-like drugs, inhibit the sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction associated with postural changes. Hence, orthostatic hypotension can occur. Drugs like clonidine cause orthostasis due to its CNS actions that block the s ...
... By blocking the alpha1-receptors associated with venous smooth muscle, prazosin-like drugs, inhibit the sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction associated with postural changes. Hence, orthostatic hypotension can occur. Drugs like clonidine cause orthostasis due to its CNS actions that block the s ...
EVALUATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ROOTS AND FLOWERS
... gelling agents. In transdermal drug delivery because of their high drug loading capacity they can provide higher concentration gradient, thus increasing driving force across the skin. Emulgels has low interfacial tension and will allow excellent contact with skin surface, with the vehicle filling ev ...
... gelling agents. In transdermal drug delivery because of their high drug loading capacity they can provide higher concentration gradient, thus increasing driving force across the skin. Emulgels has low interfacial tension and will allow excellent contact with skin surface, with the vehicle filling ev ...
Factors that may cause Bleeding with Enoxaparin
... failure (P=0.012) than patients with normal renal function. The ...
... failure (P=0.012) than patients with normal renal function. The ...
Psychopharmacology Training
... Used the longest, quite frequently and is excellent for mania, maintenance – all phases Yet non-response rate can be as high as 40% Narrow TI Structurally simple = Li+ MOA: unclear if NTs are involved, like they are in depression tx; occurs intracellularly w/ secondmessenger systems A monocovalent c ...
... Used the longest, quite frequently and is excellent for mania, maintenance – all phases Yet non-response rate can be as high as 40% Narrow TI Structurally simple = Li+ MOA: unclear if NTs are involved, like they are in depression tx; occurs intracellularly w/ secondmessenger systems A monocovalent c ...
Heart Failure:
... pressure and additional cardiovascular risk factors were randomized to receive one of the three drug regimens for 24 weeks. At baseline, patients in all three treatment groups had similar average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Diovan HCT 160 mg/25 mg was superior to Norvasc at ...
... pressure and additional cardiovascular risk factors were randomized to receive one of the three drug regimens for 24 weeks. At baseline, patients in all three treatment groups had similar average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Diovan HCT 160 mg/25 mg was superior to Norvasc at ...
Introduction to PKPD Continued, Professor Leon Aarons
... Potency versus Efficacy Potency is the concentration required to produce 50 per cent of maximum response, i.e. C50. The lower C50 the more potent the drug Efficacy is the maximum effect capable of being produced by a drug, i.e.Emax. Drugs that produce the maximum possible effect are known as full a ...
... Potency versus Efficacy Potency is the concentration required to produce 50 per cent of maximum response, i.e. C50. The lower C50 the more potent the drug Efficacy is the maximum effect capable of being produced by a drug, i.e.Emax. Drugs that produce the maximum possible effect are known as full a ...
Drugs: Antagonists, agonists, and reuptake inhibitors Drugs—why
... Some drugs are known as dopamine agonists. These drugs bind to dopamine receptors in place of dopamine and directly stimulate those receptors. Some dopamine agonists are currently used to treat Parkinson's disease. These drugs can stimulate dopamine receptors even in someone without dopamine neurons ...
... Some drugs are known as dopamine agonists. These drugs bind to dopamine receptors in place of dopamine and directly stimulate those receptors. Some dopamine agonists are currently used to treat Parkinson's disease. These drugs can stimulate dopamine receptors even in someone without dopamine neurons ...
Local anaesthetics
... Non catecholamine vasoconstrictor- vasopressin analouge, causes only peripheral vosoconstriction,no action on heart Safer for IHD patients but can cause pallor constrict coronary circulation. Dental use – 0.03 i.u./ml Phenyehrine Not used now , less effective than adrenaline ...
... Non catecholamine vasoconstrictor- vasopressin analouge, causes only peripheral vosoconstriction,no action on heart Safer for IHD patients but can cause pallor constrict coronary circulation. Dental use – 0.03 i.u./ml Phenyehrine Not used now , less effective than adrenaline ...
Recognizing Drug Use in Adolescents Recognizing Drug Use
... “plateaus,” associated with increased dosages. Symptoms and dangers of each are outlined below: 1st — A feeling similar to alcohol or marijuana intoxication, as well as the ability to operate in social situations (associated with drinking the equivalent of 2–3oz of maximum strength cough syrup) 2nd ...
... “plateaus,” associated with increased dosages. Symptoms and dangers of each are outlined below: 1st — A feeling similar to alcohol or marijuana intoxication, as well as the ability to operate in social situations (associated with drinking the equivalent of 2–3oz of maximum strength cough syrup) 2nd ...
CHEMICAL TRANSMITTERS IN THE CNS Drugs acting on CNS
... - Sudden stop withdrawal symptoms & status epilepticus - So, the drug should be gradually withdrawn ...
... - Sudden stop withdrawal symptoms & status epilepticus - So, the drug should be gradually withdrawn ...
Antihistamines Antacids
... – Low incidence of gynecomastia (breasts devlpmnt in men), reduced libido, impotence, CNS depression / excitement, pneumonia ...
... – Low incidence of gynecomastia (breasts devlpmnt in men), reduced libido, impotence, CNS depression / excitement, pneumonia ...
local anesthetic agents
... the multiplication or growth of bacteria; reversible Concentration of the antiinfective agent present in the blood or serum. • The importance of the serum level is that certain levels of an antibiotic are required to produce an effect on various types of organisms. For an antibiotic to be effective, ...
... the multiplication or growth of bacteria; reversible Concentration of the antiinfective agent present in the blood or serum. • The importance of the serum level is that certain levels of an antibiotic are required to produce an effect on various types of organisms. For an antibiotic to be effective, ...
One Compartment Open Model IV bolus
... An adult male patient was given the first dose of an antibiotic at 6:00 AM. At 12:00 noon the plasma level of the drug was measured and reported as 5 µg/ml. The drug is known to follow the one compartment model with a half-life of 6 hours. The recommended dosage regimen of this drug is 250 mg q.i.d. ...
... An adult male patient was given the first dose of an antibiotic at 6:00 AM. At 12:00 noon the plasma level of the drug was measured and reported as 5 µg/ml. The drug is known to follow the one compartment model with a half-life of 6 hours. The recommended dosage regimen of this drug is 250 mg q.i.d. ...
Dermatology brochure - Medical Instill Technologies, Inc
... MedInstill drug delivery devices cover a wide range of therapeutic modalities for topical, dermatologic and ophthalmic applications. The devices address the critical deficiencies of current topical product packaging, particularly for nonpreserved formulations. The devices are designed to satisfy pha ...
... MedInstill drug delivery devices cover a wide range of therapeutic modalities for topical, dermatologic and ophthalmic applications. The devices address the critical deficiencies of current topical product packaging, particularly for nonpreserved formulations. The devices are designed to satisfy pha ...
PART Ⅳ AGENTS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration and are distributed throughout body. • Most benzodiazepines are metabolized by hepatic microsomal metabolizing system to compounds that are also active. • The benzodiazepines are excreted in urine as glucuronides or oxidized metabolites. ...
... rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration and are distributed throughout body. • Most benzodiazepines are metabolized by hepatic microsomal metabolizing system to compounds that are also active. • The benzodiazepines are excreted in urine as glucuronides or oxidized metabolites. ...
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DOSE
... single substrate reaction (Michaelis-Menten equation) but also for multiple substrate reactions; the fractional effect is expressed with respect to the control velocity rather than to the maximal velocity (6). Furthermore, fa in equation 1 is simple to obtain, whereas the determination of Vm,x in th ...
... single substrate reaction (Michaelis-Menten equation) but also for multiple substrate reactions; the fractional effect is expressed with respect to the control velocity rather than to the maximal velocity (6). Furthermore, fa in equation 1 is simple to obtain, whereas the determination of Vm,x in th ...
Withdrawal
... 1. Receptor Downregulation- Opioid receptors in the body are actively reduced due to overexposure to opioids. This can also have an effect on endogenous opioid peptide function (i.e. regular functioning of endorphins) 2. Antiopiates- Chemicals like neuropeptide FF, orphanin FQ/nociceptin, and Tyr-W- ...
... 1. Receptor Downregulation- Opioid receptors in the body are actively reduced due to overexposure to opioids. This can also have an effect on endogenous opioid peptide function (i.e. regular functioning of endorphins) 2. Antiopiates- Chemicals like neuropeptide FF, orphanin FQ/nociceptin, and Tyr-W- ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.